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Renal disorders seem to be a significant morbidity in APECED patients, requiring further investigations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases using relevant keywords, and included articles were systematically reviewed regarding the clinical and immunological features. APECED patients with at least one nephrological complication were included.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ninety-three APECED patients from 30 studies were identified. More than half of the patients (38,52%) presented nephrocalcinosis. The second and third most prevalent renal complications were tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) (23,31%), and hypertension (13,18%), respectively. Other less frequent renal disorders including renal tubular acidosis (RTA) glomerulonephritis were also reported among patients. Additionally urinary tract infections (UTI), were\u00a0also common among cases (15,20.5%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Renal complications in APECED represent a significant issue that should be monitored and considered in managing these patients to preserve renal function and improve patients\u2019 outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-025-05458-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T21:40:21Z","timestamp":1740519621000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Renal disorders in Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy Candidiasis Ectodermal dystrophy (APECED): a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Mohammadreza","family":"Shafiei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Solale","family":"Hosseini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soodeh","family":"Ghadimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahbubeh","family":"Mirzaee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammadamin","family":"Keikhah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nastaran","family":"Ardalan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masoumeh","family":"Mohkam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehrdad","family":"Tamiji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahnaz","family":"Jamee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"5458_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723532","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.723532","volume":"9","author":"EMN Ferre","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ferre EMN, Schmitt MM, Lionakis MS. 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