{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T08:14:59Z","timestamp":1780647299562,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Pediatr"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-025-05936-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T03:59:10Z","timestamp":1754020750000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Development of a machine learning model for predicting renal damage in children with closed spinal dysraphism"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Yu","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wan-liang","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming-chang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"5936_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-013-2161-1","volume":"29","author":"A Patnaik","year":"2013","unstructured":"Patnaik A, Mahapatra A. Complex forms of spinal dysraphism. Childs Nerv Syst. 2013;29(9):1527\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00381-013-2161-1.","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"10","key":"5936_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2013.05.011","volume":"5","author":"P Ramachandra","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ramachandra P, Palazzi KL, Skalsky AJ, Marietti S, Chiang G. Shunted hydrocephalus has a significant impact on quality of life in children with spina bifida. PM R. 2013;5(10):825\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pmrj.2013.05.011.","journal-title":"PM R"},{"issue":"04","key":"5936_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.4103\/ijri.IJRI_451_16","volume":"27","author":"UV Acharya","year":"2017","unstructured":"Acharya UV, Pendharkar H, Varma DR, Pruthi N, Varadarajan S. Spinal dysraphism illustrated; embroyology revisited. Indian J Radiol Imaging. 2017;27:417\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijri.IJRI_451_16.","journal-title":"Indian J Radiol Imaging"},{"issue":"2","key":"5936_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2021200103","volume":"41","author":"B Trapp","year":"2021","unstructured":"Trapp B, de Andrade Louren\u00e7\u00e3o Freddi T, de Oliveira Morais Hans M, Fonseca Teixeira Lemos Calixto I, Fujino E, Alves Rojas LC, Burlin S, Cerqueira Costa DM, Carrete Junior H, Abdala N, et al. Practical Approach Diagnosis Spinal Dysraphism Radiographics. 2021;41(2):559\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/rg.2021200103.","journal-title":"Practical Approach Diagnosis Spinal Dysraphism Radiographics"},{"issue":"3","key":"5936_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e158151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2015.12.008","volume":"12","author":"PS Cho","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cho PS, Bauer SB, Pennison M, Rosoklija I, Bellows AL, Logvinenko T, Khoshbin S, Borer JG. Sacral agenesis and neurogenic bladder: long-term outcomes of bladder and kidney function. J Pediatr Urol. 2016;12(3):e158151\u2013157. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpurol.2015.12.008.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Urol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5936_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.24911","volume":"41","author":"V Swatesutipun","year":"2022","unstructured":"Swatesutipun V, Tangpaitoon T. The safety cutoff storage pressure for preventing upper urinary tract damage in neurogenic bladder from spinal cord pathology and risk factor analysis. Neurourol Urodyn. 2022;41(4):991\u20131001. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nau.24911.","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"issue":"4","key":"5936_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319e","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2018.05.023","volume":"14","author":"MD Timberlake","year":"2018","unstructured":"Timberlake MD, Jacobs MA, Kern AJ, Adams R, Walker C, Schlomer BJ. Streamlining risk stratification in infants and young children with spinal dysraphism: vesicoureteral reflux and\/or bladder trabeculations outperforms other urodynamic findings for predicting adverse outcomes. J Pediatr Urol. 2018;14(4):319e. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpurol.2018.05.023.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Urol"},{"key":"5936_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Le HK, Cardona-Grau D, Chiang G. Evaluation and long-term management of neurogenic bladder in spinal dysraphism. NeoReviews.2019; 20(12):e711\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/neo.20-12-e711","DOI":"10.1542\/neo.20-12-e711"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"5936_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S22","DOI":"10.5213\/inj.2040468.234","volume":"26","author":"H Deng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Deng H, Wang Z, Liao L, Wu J, Wang Y. Risk factors predicting upper urinary tract damage in patients with myelodysplasia: data analysis of 637 cases from a single center. Int Neurourol J. 2022;26(Suppl 1):S22\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5213\/inj.2040468.234.","journal-title":"Int Neurourol J"},{"key":"5936_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1050013","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.1050013","volume":"10","author":"Q Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li Q, Cai M, Pu Q, Wu S, Liu X, Lin T, He D, Wen J, Wei G. A nomogram for predicting upper urinary tract damage risk in children with neurogenic bladder. Front Pediatr. 2022;10:1050013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2022.1050013.","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"issue":"12","key":"5936_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2898","DOI":"10.1097\/tp.0000000000001824","volume":"101","author":"D Bertsimas","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bertsimas D, Kung J, Trichakis N, Wojciechowski D, Vagefi PA. Accept or decline?? An analytics-based decision tool for kidney offer evaluation. Transplantation. 2017;101(12):2898\u2013904. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/tp.0000000000001824.","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"issue":"3","key":"5936_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.2008030287","volume":"20","author":"GJ Schwartz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Schwartz GJ, Mu\u00f1oz A, Schneider MF, Mak RH, Kaskel F, Warady BA, Furth SL. New equations to estimate GFR in children with CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol: JASN. 2009;20(3):629\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/asn.2008030287.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol: JASN"},{"issue":"7","key":"5936_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1007\/s002340000325","volume":"42","author":"P Tortori-Donati","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tortori-Donati P, Rossi A, Cama A. Spinal dysraphism: a review of neuroradiological features with embryological correlations and proposal for a new classification. Neuroradiology. 2000;42(7):471\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s002340000325.","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"issue":"10","key":"5936_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-017-3705-5","volume":"32","author":"S Swerkersson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Swerkersson S, Jodal U, Sixt R, Stokland E, Hansson S. Urinary tract infection in small children: the evolution of renal damage over time. Pediatr Nephrol. 2017;32(10):1907\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-017-3705-5.","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5936_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/bf02388714","volume":"15","author":"RL Lebowitz","year":"1985","unstructured":"Lebowitz RL, Olbing H, Parkkulainen KV, Smellie JM, Tamminen-M\u00f6bius TE. International system of radiographic grading of vesicoureteric reflux. Pediatr Radiol. 1985;15(2):105\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf02388714.","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"5936_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2306","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23729","volume":"37","author":"JG Wen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wen JG, Djurhuus JC, Rosier P, Bauer SB. ICS educational module: cystometry in children. Neurourol Urodyn. 2018;37(8):2306\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nau.23729.","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"issue":"1","key":"5936_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.24580","volume":"40","author":"B \u00d6nal","year":"2021","unstructured":"\u00d6nal B, K\u0131rl\u0131 EA, Sel\u00e7uk B, Bu\u011fdayc\u0131 D, Can G, \u00c7etinel B. Risk factors predicting upper urinary tract deterioration in children with spinal cord injury. Neurourol Urodyn. 2021;40(1):435\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nau.24580.","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"5936_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yang T, Hu Y, Pan X, Lou S, Zou J, Deng Q, Zhang Q, Zhou J, Zhu J. Interpretable machine learning model predicting early neurological deterioration in ischemic stroke patients treated with mechanical thrombectomy: A retrospective study. Brain Sci. 2023;13(4). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci13040557.","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13040557"},{"key":"5936_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Qu J, Li C, Liu M, Wang Y, Feng Z, Li J, Wang W, Wu F, Zhang S, Zhao X. Prognostic models using machine learning algorithms and treatment outcomes of occult breast cancer patients. J Clin Med. 2023;12(9). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm12093097.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12093097"},{"issue":"3","key":"5936_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15818","volume":"44","author":"R Fan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fan R, Yu N, Li G, Arshad T, Liu WY, Wong GL, Liang X, Chen Y, Jin XZ, Leung HH, et al. Machine-learning model comprising five clinical indices and liver stiffness measurement can accurately identify MASLD-related liver fibrosis. Liver Int. 2024;44(3):749\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/liv.15818.","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"5936_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1035675","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.1035675","volume":"9","author":"R Sun","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sun R, Wang X, Jiang H, Yan Y, Dong Y, Yan W, Luo X, Miu H, Qi L, Huang Z. Prediction of 30-day mortality in heart failure patients with hypoxic hepatitis: development and external validation of an interpretable machine learning model. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022;9:1035675. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcvm.2022.1035675.","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"5936_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1097\/aog.0000000000001269","volume":"127","author":"JE Jelovsek","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jelovsek JE, Hill AJ, Chagin KM, Kattan MW, Barber MD. Predicting risk of urinary incontinence and adverse events after midurethral sling surgery in women. Obstet Gynecol. 2016;127(2):330\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/aog.0000000000001269.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"5936_CR23","first-page":"285","volume":"78","author":"RJ Barnard","year":"1981","unstructured":"Barnard RJ, Dixon JS, Gosling JA. A clinical and morphological evaluation of the trabeculated urinary bladder. Prog Clin Biol Res. 1981;78:285\u20138.","journal-title":"Prog Clin Biol Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"5936_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2014.05.015","volume":"84","author":"JH Jung","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jung JH, Cho SY, Yoo C, Oh SJ. Establishment of the novel cystoscopic classification for bladder trabeculation of neurogenic bladder. Urology. 2014;84(3):515\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.urology.2014.05.015.","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"1","key":"5936_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F197","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00001.2006","volume":"292","author":"E Danzer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Danzer E, Kiddoo DA, Redden RA, Robinson L, Radu A, Zderic SA, Doolin EJ, Adzick NS, Flake AW. Structural and functional characterization of bladder smooth muscle in fetal rats with retinoic acid-induced myelomeningocele. Am J Physiol-Renal Physiol. 2007;292(1):F197-206. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajprenal.00001.2006.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol-Renal Physiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"5936_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1678","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)67503-7","volume":"153","author":"K German","year":"1995","unstructured":"German K, Bedwani J, Davies J, Brading AF, Stephenson TP. Physiological and morphometric studies into the pathophysiology of detrusor hyperreflexia in neuropathic patients. J Urol. 1995;153(5):1678\u201383.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"6","key":"5936_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2193","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-5347(01)63304-4","volume":"159","author":"GM Ghoniem","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ghoniem GM, Shoukry MS, Hassouna ME. Detrusor properties in myelomeningocele patients: in vitro study. J Urol. 1998;159(6):2193\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0022-5347(01)63304-4.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"9","key":"5936_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F1363","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00273.2012","volume":"303","author":"CZ Altuntas","year":"2012","unstructured":"Altuntas CZ, Daneshgari F, Izgi K, Bicer F, Ozer A, Sakalar C, Grimberg KO, Sayin I, Tuohy VK. Connective tissue and its growth factor CTGF distinguish the morphometric and molecular remodeling of the bladder in a model of neurogenic bladder. Am J Physiol-Ren Physiol. 2012;303(9):F1363-1369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajprenal.00273.2012.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol-Ren Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5936_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.3340\/jkns.2020.0072","volume":"63","author":"K Park","year":"2020","unstructured":"Park K. Urological evaluation of tethered cord syndrome. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2020;63(3):358\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3340\/jkns.2020.0072.","journal-title":"J Korean Neurosurg Soc"},{"issue":"3","key":"5936_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2019.03.003","volume":"15","author":"B Wiafe","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wiafe B, Adesida AB, Churchill T, Kadam R, Carleton J, Metcalfe PD. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy inhibited inflammatory and profibrotic pathways induced by partial bladder outlet obstruction and prevented high-pressure urine storage. J Pediatr Urol. 2019;15(3):254. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpurol.2019.03.003. e251-254.e210.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Urol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5936_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)62606-5","volume":"160","author":"CM Deveaud","year":"1998","unstructured":"Deveaud CM, Macarak EJ, Kucich U, Ewalt DH, Abrams WR, Howard PS. Molecular analysis of collagens in bladder fibrosis. J Urol. 1998;160(4):1518\u201327.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5936_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.3978\/j.issn.2305-5839.2015.10.22","volume":"4","author":"RM Sturm","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sturm RM, Cheng EY. Bladder wall thickness in the assessment of neurogenic bladder: a translational discussion of current clinical applications. Ann Transl Med. 2016;4(2):32. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3978\/j.issn.2305-5839.2015.10.22.","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"5936_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.03.062","volume":"180","author":"H Tanaka","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tanaka H, Matsuda M, Moriya K, Mitsui T, Kitta T, Nonomura K. Ultrasonographic measurement of bladder wall thickness as a risk factor for upper urinary tract deterioration in children with myelodysplasia. J Urol. 2008;180(1):312\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.juro.2008.03.062.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"5","key":"5936_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2014.02.005","volume":"10","author":"W Snodgrass","year":"2014","unstructured":"Snodgrass W, Villanueva C, Gargollo P, Jacobs M. New hydronephrosis and\/or vesicoureteral reflux after bladder outlet surgery without augmentation in 75 children with neurogenic bladder. J Pediatr Urol. 2014;10(5):906\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpurol.2014.02.005.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Urol"},{"key":"5936_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-025-06695-4","author":"G Pietropaolo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pietropaolo G, Di Sessa A, Tirelli P, Miraglia Del Giudice E, Guarino S, Marzuillo P. Kidney involvement during the course of febrile urinary tract infection. Pediatr Nephrol. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-025-06695-4.","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"issue":"6","key":"5936_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1590\/s1677-5538.Ibju.2023.0311","volume":"49","author":"CMP da Silva","year":"2023","unstructured":"da Silva CMP, Vasconcelos MMA, Lima EM, de Bessa JJ, Reis OAF, Filgueiras M, de Azevedo RVM, Bastos JMN, Oliveira EA, Mrad FCC. Dynamic and static ultrasound features predictive of vesicoureteral reflux and renal damage in children and adolescents with neurogenic bladder. Int Braz J Urol. 2023;49(6):700\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/s1677-5538.Ibju.2023.0311.","journal-title":"Int Braz J Urol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"5936_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S30","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.2007.11753966","volume":"30","author":"SM DeLair","year":"2007","unstructured":"DeLair SM, Eandi J, White MJ, Nguyen T, Stone AR, Kurzrock EA. Renal cortical deterioration in children with spinal dysraphism: analysis of risk factors. J Spinal Cord Med. 2007;30(Suppl 1):S30\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10790268.2007.11753966.","journal-title":"J Spinal Cord Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"5936_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e541","DOI":"10.1016\/s2352-3026(20)30121-6","volume":"7","author":"N Radakovich","year":"2020","unstructured":"Radakovich N, Nagy M, Nazha A. Machine learning in haematological malignancies. Lancet Haematol. 2020;7(7):e541\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s2352-3026(20)30121-6.","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol"},{"issue":"16","key":"5936_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-22-3384","volume":"10","author":"Z Yan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yan Z, Wang J, Dong Q, Zhu L, Lin W, Jiang X. XGBoost algorithm and logistic regression to predict the postoperative 5-year outcome in patients with glioma. Ann Transl Med. 2022;10(16):860. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/atm-22-3384.","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"5936_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-006-0191-5","volume":"36","author":"RA Kleinerman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kleinerman RA. Cancer risks following diagnostic and therapeutic radiation exposure in children. Pediatr Radiol. 2006;(2):121\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00247-006-0191-5.","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5936_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.24211","volume":"39","author":"R Stein","year":"2020","unstructured":"Stein R, Bogaert G, Dogan HS, Hoen L, Kocvara R, Nijman RJM, Quadackers J, Rawashdeh YF, Silay MS, Tekgul S, et al. EAU\/ESPU guidelines on the management of neurogenic bladder in children and adolescent part I diagnostics and conservative treatment. Neurourol Urodyn. 2020;39(1):45\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nau.24211.","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"}],"container-title":["BMC Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12887-025-05936-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12887-025-05936-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12887-025-05936-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T09:57:23Z","timestamp":1757325443000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpediatr.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12887-025-05936-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5936"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12887-025-05936-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2431"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2431","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 August 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Children\u2019s Hospital of Soochow University (Approval number: 2023CS111). The requirement for informed consent was waived. The study complies with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"584"}}