{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T16:17:34Z","timestamp":1793636254169,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,20]],"date-time":"2025-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":46,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Pediatr"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-025-06367-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,20]],"date-time":"2025-12-20T13:15:10Z","timestamp":1766236510000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Global burden of hemolytic disease and neonatal jaundice from 1990 to 2021 with projections to 2050: a systematic analysis of the GBD 2021 data"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Kaihu","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijiao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manhua","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"6367_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(18)30139-1","volume":"2","author":"BO Olusanya","year":"2018","unstructured":"Olusanya BO, Kaplan M, Hansen TWR. Neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia: a global perspective. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2018;2(8):610\u201320.","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc Health"},{"key":"6367_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12113738","author":"UM Diala","year":"2023","unstructured":"Diala UM, Usman F, Appiah D, Hassan L, Ogundele T, Abdullahi F, et al. Global prevalence of severe neonatal jaundice among hospital admissions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Med. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm12113738.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"6367_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.17865","volume":"131","author":"S Ochigbo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ochigbo S, Ekpebe P, Nyong EE, Ikechukwu O, Ibeawuchi A, Eigbedion A, et al. Neonatal jaundice incidence, risk factors and outcomes in referral-level facilities in Nigeria. BJOG Int J Obstet Gynaecol. 2024;131(Suppl 3):113\u201324.","journal-title":"BJOG Int J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6367_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjpo-2017-000105","volume":"1","author":"TM Slusher","year":"2017","unstructured":"Slusher TM, Zamora TG, Appiah D, Stanke JU, Strand MA, Lee BW, et al. Burden of severe neonatal jaundice: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Paediatr Open. 2017;1(1):e000105.","journal-title":"BMJ Paediatr Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"6367_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-023-02810-z","volume":"95","author":"R Gelineau-Morel","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gelineau-Morel R, Usman F, Shehu S, Yeh HW, Suwaid MA, Abdulsalam M, et al. Predictive and diagnostic measures for Kernicterus spectrum disorder: a prospective cohort study. Pediatr Res. 2024;95(1):285\u201392.","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"6367_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26136262","author":"JP Llido","year":"2025","unstructured":"Llido JP, Valerio G, K\u0159epelka D, Dvo\u0159\u00e1k A, Bottin C, Zanconati F, et al. Transcriptomic and proteomic changes in the brain along with increasing phenotypic severity in a rat model of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Int J Mol Sci. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms26136262.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"6367_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-68186-w","volume":"10","author":"PC Tsao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tsao PC, Yeh HL, Shiau YS, Chang YC, Chiang SH, Soong WJ, et al. Long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes of significant neonatal jaundice in Taiwan from 2000\u20132003: a nationwide, population-based cohort study. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):11374.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"6367_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1159\/000530496","volume":"120","author":"JE Lawn","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lawn JE, Bhutta ZA, Ezeaka C, Saugstad O. Ending preventable neonatal deaths: multicountry evidence to inform accelerated progress to the sustainable development goal by 2030. Neonatology. 2023;120(4):491\u20139.","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"6367_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e16019","volume":"9","author":"G Belay","year":"2023","unstructured":"Belay G, Gerbi A, Gebremariam T, Tilahun T, Chimdi E, Etefa T. Jaundice and its associated factors among neonates admitted to selected referral hospitals in Southwest Oromia, Ethiopia: multi-center cross-sectional study. Heliyon. 2023;9(5):e16019.","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"6367_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/4743974","volume":"2020","author":"GG Asefa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Asefa GG, Gebrewahid TG, Nuguse H, Gebremichael MW, Birhane M, Zereabruk K, et al. Determinants of neonatal jaundice among neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit in public general hospitals of Central Zone, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia, 2019: a case-control study. BioMed Res Int. 2020;2020:4743974.","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int"},{"key":"6367_CR11","first-page":"975","volume":"186","author":"K Gupta","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gupta K, Sharma V, Kathait S. Smart screening: Non-Invasive detection of severe neonatal jaundice using computer vision and deep learning. Int J Comput Appl. 2024;186:975\u20138887.","journal-title":"Int J Comput Appl"},{"issue":"10","key":"6367_CR12","first-page":"1008","volume":"25","author":"S Zuo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zuo S, Li J, Hua ZY. Global disease burden of neonatal jaundice from 1990 to 2019. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za zhi = Chin J Contemp Pediatr. 2023;25(10):1008\u201315.","journal-title":"Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za zhi = Chin J Contemp Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"6367_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1542\/hpeds.2021-006269","volume":"12","author":"P Bhatt","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bhatt P, Umscheid J, Ayensu M, Parmar N, Vasudeva R, Donda K, et al. Trends and resource utilization for neonatal jaundice hospitalizations in the United States. Hosp Pediatr. 2022;12(4):392\u20139.","journal-title":"Hosp Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"6367_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2025.101620","volume":"30","author":"R Vidavalur","year":"2025","unstructured":"Vidavalur R, Bhutani VK. Health and societal infant mortality burden of neonatal hemolytic disorders. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2025;30(1):101620.","journal-title":"Semin Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"6367_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2019-2623","author":"BO Olusanya","year":"2020","unstructured":"Olusanya BO, Wright SM, Nair MKC, Boo NY, Halpern R, Kuper H, et al. Global burden of childhood epilepsy, intellectual disability, and sensory impairments. Pediatrics. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2019-2623.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"10440","key":"6367_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2259","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00769-4","volume":"403","author":"CJL Murray","year":"2024","unstructured":"Murray CJL. Findings from the global burden of disease study 2021. Lancet. 2024;403(10440):2259\u201362.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"6367_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102598","volume":"103","author":"Y Lu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lu Y, Shang Z, Zhang W, Hu X, Shen R, Zhang K, et al. Global, regional, and national burden of spinal cord injury from 1990 to 2021 and projections for 2050: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease 2021 study. Ageing Res Rev. 2025;103:102598.","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"6367_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.27099","volume":"127","author":"HSR Sanjamala","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sanjamala HSR, Singhvi M, Shah PA. Socio-demographic index and socioeconomic classes for understanding the divisible differences in receiving multimodal therapy in patients with pancreatic cancers. J Surg Oncol. 2023;127(1):207\u20138.","journal-title":"J Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6367_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-025-03135-7","volume":"26","author":"N Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li N, Xu Y, Xiao X, Ding Z, Sun C, Zhang Q. Long-term trends in the burden of asthma in China: a joinpoint regression and age-period-cohort analysis based on the GBD 2021. Respir Res. 2025;26(1):56.","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"6367_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1513526","volume":"13","author":"X Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li X, Chang Y, Zhao X, Liu X, Zhang Y, Wang X, et al. Global health inequities in retinoblastoma: a 1990\u20132021 analysis across socio-demographic index regions. Front Public Health. 2025;13:1513526.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"6367_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2799","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-024-07083-3","volume":"43","author":"H Gu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gu H, Yan D, Li J, Long X, Wang K. Trends and future projections of incidence rate and mortality of rheumatoid arthritis in China: a systematic analysis based on GBD 2021 data. Clin Rheumatol. 2024;43(9):2799\u2013806.","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"Suppl 6","key":"6367_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-020-03572-9","volume":"21","author":"N Alexeev","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alexeev N, Isomurodov J, Sukhov V, Korotkevich G, Sergushichev A. Markov chain monte carlo for active module identification problem. BMC Bioinformatics. 2020;21(Suppl 6):261.","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"1","key":"6367_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-024-01798-z","volume":"25","author":"J Cen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cen J, Wang Q, Cheng L, Gao Q, Wang H, Sun F. Global, regional, and national burden and trends of migraine among women of childbearing age from 1990 to 2021: insights from the global burden of disease study 2021. J Headache Pain. 2024;25(1):96.","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"issue":"6","key":"6367_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-096746","volume":"15","author":"S Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang S, Chen S, Chen M, Xu W, Wu Z, Hu X, et al. Global, regional and national burden of infections among pregnant women, 1990\u20132021: a prospective cohort study. BMJ Open. 2025;15(6):e096746.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"6367_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2023.1292678","volume":"11","author":"U Abiha","year":"2023","unstructured":"Abiha U, Banerjee DS, Mandal S. Demystifying non-invasive approaches for screening jaundice in low resource settings: a review. Front Pediatr. 2023;11:1292678.","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"6367_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11092476","author":"JH Cha","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cha JH, Ahn JH, Kim YJ, Lee BG, Kim JI, Park HK, et al. Impact of preterm birth on neurodevelopmental disorders in South Korea: a nationwide population-based study. J Clin Med. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11092476.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"6367_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-021-01397-3","volume":"20","author":"S Albert-Ballestar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Albert-Ballestar S, Garc\u00eda-Alt\u00e9s A. Measuring health inequalities: a systematic review of widely used indicators and topics. Int J Equity Health. 2021;20(1):73.","journal-title":"Int J Equity Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"6367_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02737-2","volume":"30","author":"RA Salam","year":"2024","unstructured":"Salam RA, Khan MH, Meerza SSA, Das JK, Lewis-Watts L, Bhutta ZA. An evidence gap map of interventions for noncommunicable diseases and risk factors among children and adolescents. Nat Med. 2024;30(1):290\u2013301.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"6367_CR29","volume":"32","author":"LM Vallely","year":"2023","unstructured":"Vallely LM, Calvert B, De Silva M, Panisi L, Babona D, Bolnga J, et al. Improving maternal and newborn health and reducing stillbirths in the Western Pacific Region - current situation and the way forward. Lancet Reg Health. 2023;32:100653.","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health"},{"key":"6367_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.2147\/PHMT.S405453","volume":"14","author":"C Kebede","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kebede C, Fentie B, Tigabu B. Treatment outcome of jaundice and its associated factors among neonates treated in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Comprehensive and Specialized Hospitals of Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples Region, Ethiopia 2022. Pediatr Health Med Ther. 2023;14:237\u201347.","journal-title":"Pediatr Health Med Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"6367_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1080\/20469047.2019.1707397","volume":"40","author":"TM Slusher","year":"2020","unstructured":"Slusher TM, Vaucher YE. Management of neonatal jaundice in low- and middle-income countries. Paediatr Int Child Health. 2020;40(1):7\u201310.","journal-title":"Paediatr Int Child Health"},{"key":"6367_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13071839","author":"O Grobeisen-Duque","year":"2024","unstructured":"Grobeisen-Duque O, Villavicencio-Carrisoza O, Mora-Vargas CD, Arteaga-Lopez CP, Martinez-Salazar MG, Rosas-Balan A, et al. Impact of pre-gestational BMI and gestational weight gain on fetal development outcomes in adolescent pregnant women. J Clin Med. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm13071839.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"6367_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1093\/inthealth\/ihy060","volume":"11","author":"GJ Domingo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Domingo GJ, Advani N, Satyagraha AW, Sibley CH, Rowley E, Kalnoky M, et al. Addressing the gender-knowledge gap in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency: challenges and opportunities. Int Health. 2019;11(1):7\u201314.","journal-title":"Int Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"6367_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-014179","volume":"7","author":"R Chowdhury","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chowdhury R, Taneja S, Mazumder S, Bhandari N, Strand TA. Gender differences in infant survival: a secondary data analysis in rural North India. BMJ Open. 2017;7(8):e014179.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"6367_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/children10101599","author":"I Ja\u0144czewska","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ja\u0144czewska I, Wierzba J, Ja\u0144czewska A, Szczurek-Gierczak M, Dom\u017calska-Popadiuk I. Prematurity and low birth weight and their impact on childhood growth patterns and the risk of long-term cardiovascular sequelae. Children. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/children10101599.","journal-title":"Children"},{"issue":"1","key":"6367_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-025-07309-5","volume":"25","author":"D Yao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yao D, Tang X, Xue M, Zhu K, Li W, Chen Z, et al. The effects of vaginal infections on pregnancy outcomes: a retrospective cohort study in China. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2025;25(1):179.","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"1","key":"6367_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-022-04566-6","volume":"22","author":"Y Yu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yu Y, Choi J, Lee MH, Kim K, Ryu HM, Han HW. Maternal disease factors associated with neonatal jaundice: a case-control study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2022;22(1):247.","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"6367_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165522","volume":"898","author":"TJ Luben","year":"2023","unstructured":"Luben TJ, Wilkie AA, Krajewski AK, Njie F, Park K, Zelasky S, et al. Short-term exposure to air pollution and infant mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Total Environ. 2023;898:165522.","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"1","key":"6367_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12199-021-00995-5","volume":"26","author":"NM Johnson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Johnson NM, Hoffmann AR, Behlen JC, Lau C, Pendleton D, Harvey N, et al. Air pollution and children\u2019s health-a review of adverse effects associated with prenatal exposure from fine to ultrafine particulate matter. Environ Health Prev Med. 2021;26(1):72.","journal-title":"Environ Health Prev Med"},{"key":"6367_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s22124577","author":"F Mulita","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mulita F, Verras GI, Anagnostopoulos CN, Kotis K. A smarter health through the internet of surgical things. Sensors (Basel). 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s22124577.","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"issue":"3","key":"6367_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1159\/000445708","volume":"110","author":"C Greco","year":"2016","unstructured":"Greco C, Arnolda G, Boo NY, Iskander IF, Okolo AA, Rohsiswatmo R, et al. Neonatal jaundice in low- and middle-income countries: lessons and future directions from the 2015 Don Ostrow Trieste yellow retreat. Neonatology. 2016;110(3):172\u201380.","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"6367_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-021-03800-x","volume":"21","author":"F Mirbaha-Hashemi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mirbaha-Hashemi F, Tayefi B, Rampisheh Z, Tehrani-Banihashemi A, Ramezani M, Khalili N, et al. Progress towards every newborn action plan (ENAP) implementation in Iran: obstacles and bottlenecks. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2021;21(1):379.","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"3","key":"6367_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.13173","volume":"39","author":"M Loane","year":"2025","unstructured":"Loane M, Morris JK, Garne E. Recommendations for improving surveillance of congenital anomalies in Europe using healthcare databases. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2025;39(3):277\u201384.","journal-title":"Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"6367_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1093\/phe\/phx012","volume":"10","author":"K Voigt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Voigt K, King NB. Out of alignment? Limitations of the global burden of disease in assessing the allocation of global health aid. Public Health Ethics. 2017;10(3):244\u201356.","journal-title":"Public Health Ethics"},{"issue":"2","key":"6367_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0316464","volume":"20","author":"SD Kebede","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kebede SD, Kassaw A, Aytenew TM, Agmas K, Kefale D. Prevalence of prolonged transitional neonatal hypoglycemia and associated factors in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2025;20(2):e0316464.","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["BMC Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12887-025-06367-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12887-025-06367-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12887-025-06367-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T10:01:25Z","timestamp":1770199285000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12887-025-06367-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,20]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["6367"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12887-025-06367-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2431"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2431","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"82"}}