{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T23:56:38Z","timestamp":1792108598452,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,8]],"date-time":"2021-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612742400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,8]],"date-time":"2021-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612742400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected more than 5 million people around the world and killed more than 300,000 people; thus, it has become a global public health emergency. Our objective was to investigate the mental health of hospitalized patients diagnosed with COVID-19.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The PTSD checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), Trauma Exposure Scale, abbreviated version of the Connor\u2013Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10), Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) and Demographic Questionnaire were used to examine posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, trauma exposure, resilience and perceived social support among 898 patients who were hospitalized after being diagnosed with COVID-19 in China. The data were analyzed with <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic> tests, one-way ANOVA and multivariable logistic regression analysis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The results showed that the prevalence of PTSD, depression and anxiety was 13.2, 21.0 and 16.4%, respectively. Hospitalized patients who were more impacted by negative news reports, had greater exposure to traumatic experiences, and had lower levels of perceived social support reported higher PTSD, depression and anxiety.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Effective professional mental health services should be designed to support the psychological wellbeing of hospitalized patients, especially those who have severe disease, are strongly affected by negative news and have high levels of exposure to trauma.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-021-03076-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,8]],"date-time":"2021-02-08T22:39:42Z","timestamp":1612823982000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Prevalence and predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression and anxiety among hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in China"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Yaru","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengyuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiming","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yufang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengkui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"3076_CR1","volume-title":"COVID-19 related reports","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2020","unstructured":"World Health Organization. COVID-19 related reports. 2020. https:\/\/www.who.int\/zh\/emergencies\/diseases\/novel-coronavirus-2019. Accessed 1 June 2020."},{"key":"3076_CR2","first-page":"E001","volume":"38","author":"JZ Huang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huang JZ, Han MF, Luo TD, Ren AK, Zhou XP. Mental health survey of 230 medical staff in a tertiary infectious disease hospital for COVID-19. Chin J Industr Hygiene Occup Dis. 2020;38:E001.","journal-title":"Chin J Industr Hygiene Occup Dis"},{"key":"3076_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu N, Zhang F, Wei C, Jia Y, Shang Z, Sun L, et al. Prevalence and predictors of PTSS during COVID-19 outbreak in China hardest-hit areas: gender differences matter. Psychiatry Res. 2020;287:112921.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112921"},{"key":"3076_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhao YQ, An YY, Tan X, Li XH. Mental health and its influencing factors among self-isolating ordinary citizens during the beginning epidemic of COVID-19. J Loss Trauma. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15325024.2020.1761592.","DOI":"10.1080\/15325024.2020.1761592"},{"key":"3076_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1021\/acscentsci.0c00272","volume":"6","author":"C Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu C, Zhou QQ, Li YZ, Garner LV, Watkin SP, Carter LJ, et al. Research and Development on therapeutic agents and vaccines for COVID-19 and related human coronavirus diseases. ACS Central Science. 2020;6:315\u201331.","journal-title":"ACS Central Science"},{"key":"3076_CR6","first-page":"e000471","volume":"3","author":"MF Jalloh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jalloh MF, Li W, Bunnell RE, Ethier KA, Redd JT. Impact of ebola experiences and risk perceptions on mental health in Sierra Leone, july 2015. Br Med J Glob Health. 2018;3:e000471.","journal-title":"Br Med J Glob Health"},{"key":"3076_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.30773\/pi.2017.10.25.1","volume":"15","author":"HC Kim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kim HC, Yoo SY, Lee BH, Lee SH, Shin HS. Psychiatric findings in suspected and confirmed middle east respiratory syndrome patients quarantined in hospital: a retrospective chart analysis. Psychiatry Invest. 2018;15:355.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Invest"},{"key":"3076_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-169","volume":"14","author":"QY Liao","year":"2014","unstructured":"Liao QY, Cowling BJ, Lam WWT, Ng DMW, Fielding R. Anxiety, worry and cognitive risk estimate in relation to protective behaviors during the 2009 influenza a\/H1N1 pandemic in Hong Kong: ten cross-sectional surveys. BMC Infect Dis. 2014;14:169.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"3076_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2009.03.001","volume":"31","author":"IWC Mak","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mak IWC, Chu CM, Pan PC, Yiu MGC, Chan VL. Long-term psychiatric morbidities among sars survivors. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2009;31:318\u201326.","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"key":"3076_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2010.07.007","volume":"32","author":"IW Mak","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mak IW, Chu CM, Pan PC, Yiu MG, Ho SC, Chan VL. Risk factors for chronic post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in sars survivors. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2010;32:590\u20138.","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"key":"3076_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1108.041083","volume":"11","author":"KK Wu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wu KK, Chan SK, Ma TM. Posttraumatic stress after SARS. Emerg Infect Dis. 2005;11:1297.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"3076_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30046-8","volume":"7","author":"YT Xiang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xiang YT, Yang Y, Li W, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Cheung T, Ng CH. Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is urgently needed. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7:228\u20139.","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"3076_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2142","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2009.384","volume":"169","author":"MHB Lam","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lam MHB, Wing YK, Yu MWM, Leung CM, Ma RCW, Kong APS, et al. Mental morbidities and chronic fatigue in severe acute respiratory syndrome survivors: long-term follow-up. Arch Intern Med. 2009;169:2142\u20137.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"3076_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20004","volume":"18","author":"KK Wu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wu KK, Chan SK, Ma TM. Posttraumatic stress, anxiety, and depression in survivors of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). J Traumatic Stress. 2005;18:39\u201342.","journal-title":"J Traumatic Stress"},{"key":"3076_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/bec.2014.26","volume":"32","author":"S Angelakis","year":"2015","unstructured":"Angelakis S, Nixon RD. The comorbidity of PTSD and MDD: implications for clinical practice and future research. Behav Chang. 2015;32:1\u201325.","journal-title":"Behav Chang"},{"key":"3076_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2009.08.006","volume":"123","author":"K Ginzburg","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ginzburg K, Ein-Dor T, Solomon Z. Comorbidity of posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety and depression: a 20-year longitudinal study of war veterans. J Affect Disord. 2010;123:249\u201357.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"3076_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1007.030703","volume":"10","author":"L Hawryluck","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hawryluck L, Gold WL, Robinson S, Pogorski S, Galea S, Styra R. SARS control and psychological effects of quarantine, Toronto, Canada. Emerg Infect Dis. 2004;10:1206.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"3076_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.01.017","volume":"38","author":"P Spinhoven","year":"2014","unstructured":"Spinhoven P, Penninx BW, van Hemert AM, de Rooij M, Elzinga BM. Comorbidity of PTSD in anxiety and depressive disorders: prevalence and shared risk factors. Child Abuse Negl. 2014;38:1320\u201330.","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"key":"3076_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e40","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2012.300689","volume":"102","author":"CS North","year":"2012","unstructured":"North CS, Oliver J, Pandya A. Examining a comprehensive model of disaster-related posttraumatic stress disorder in systematically studied survivors of 10 disasters. Am J Public Health. 2012;102:e40\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"3076_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20599","volume":"24","author":"F Fan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fan F, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Mo L, Liu X. Symptoms of postraumatic stres disorder, depresion, and anxiety among adolescents folowing the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China. J Trauma Stress. 2011;24:44\u201353.","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"key":"3076_CR21","first-page":"51","volume":"2","author":"WC Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang WC, Wu XC, Zhou X. Prevalence and Predictors of Postraumatic Stres Disorder and Postraumatic Growth among Adolescent Survivors after the Wenchuan Earthquake. J Beijing Normal Univ. 2018;2:51\u201363.","journal-title":"J Beijing Normal Univ"},{"key":"3076_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1037\/hea0000875","volume":"39","author":"DR Garfin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Garfin DR, Silver RC, Holman EA. The novel coronavirus (COVID-2019) outbreak: amplification of public health consequences by media exposure. Health Psychol. 2020;39:355\u20137.","journal-title":"Health Psychol"},{"key":"3076_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liu C, Liu Y. Media exposure and anxiety during covid-19: the mediation effect of media vicarious traumatization. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2020. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17134720.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17134720"},{"key":"3076_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.59.1.20","volume":"59","author":"GA Bonanno","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bonanno GA. Loss, trauma, and human resilience: have we underestimated the human capacity to thrive after extremely aversive events? Am Psychol. 2004;59:20.","journal-title":"Am Psychol"},{"key":"3076_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.56.3.227","volume":"56","author":"AS Masten","year":"2001","unstructured":"Masten AS. Ordinary magic: resilience processes in development. Am Psychol. 2001;56:227.","journal-title":"Am Psychol"},{"key":"3076_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1037\/lat0000070","volume":"5","author":"MY B\u00e1maca-Colbert","year":"2017","unstructured":"B\u00e1maca-Colbert MY, Tilghman-Osborne EM, Calder\u00f3n-L\u00f3pez S, Moore AM. Perceptions of support from mothers, fathers, and friends: direct and indirect associations with the psychological adjustment of Mexican-origin girls. J Latina Psychol. 2017;5:142.","journal-title":"J Latina Psychol"},{"key":"3076_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.98.2.310","volume":"98","author":"S Cohen","year":"1985","unstructured":"Cohen S, Wills TA. Stress, social support, and the Bufering hypothesis. Psychol Buletin. 1985;98:310\u201357.","journal-title":"Psychol Buletin"},{"key":"3076_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ps.42.020191.002153","volume":"42","author":"JC Goyne","year":"1991","unstructured":"Goyne JC, Downey G. Social factors and psychopathology: stress, social support and the coping processes. Annu Rev Psychol. 1991;42:401\u201326.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Psychol"},{"key":"3076_CR29","unstructured":"Weathers FW, Litz BT, Keane TM, Palmieri PA, Marx BP, Schnurr PP. The ptsd checklist for dsm-5 (pcl-5). Scale available from the National Center for PTSD. 2013. http:\/\/www.ptsd.va.gov."},{"key":"3076_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1080\/10615806.2017.1374376","volume":"31","author":"X Zhou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhou X, Wu X, Zhen R. Self-esteem and hope mediate the relations between social support and post-traumatic stress disorder and growth in adolescents following the ya'an earthquake. Anxiety Stress Coping. 2018;31:32\u201345.","journal-title":"Anxiety Stress Coping"},{"key":"3076_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000254","volume":"28","author":"MJ Bovin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bovin MJ, Marx BP, Weathers FW, Gallagher MW, Rodriguez P, Schnurr PP, et al. Psychometric properties of the PTSD checklist for diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders-fifth edition (PCL-5) in veterans. Psychol Assess. 2016;28:1379\u201391.","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"key":"3076_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","volume":"16","author":"K Kroenke","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med. 2001;16:606\u201313.","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"3076_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2014.05.021","volume":"36","author":"WZ Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang WZ, Bian Q, Zhao Y, Li X, Wang WW, Du J, et al. Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) in the general population. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2014;36:539\u201344.","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"key":"3076_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2013.04.006","volume":"35","author":"R Kocalevent","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kocalevent R, Hinz A, Brahler E. 2013. Standardization of the depression screener patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) in the general population. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2013;35:551\u20135.","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"key":"3076_CR35","first-page":"200","volume":"22","author":"XY He","year":"2010","unstructured":"He XY, Li CB, Qian J, Cui HS, Wu WY. Reliability and validity of ageneralized anxiety disorder scale in general hospital outpatient. Shanghai Arch Psychiatry. 2010;22:200\u20133.","journal-title":"Shanghai Arch Psychiatry"},{"key":"3076_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0b013e318160d093","volume":"46","author":"B Lowe","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lowe B, Decker O, Muller S, Brahler E, Schellberg D, Herzog W, et al. Validation and standardization of the generalized anxiety disorder screener (GAD-7) in the general population. Med Care. 2008;46:266\u201374.","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"3076_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-004-0048-2","volume":"6","author":"AM Steinberg","year":"2004","unstructured":"Steinberg AM, Brymer MJ, Decker KB, Pynoos RS. The University of California at Los Angeles post-traumatic stress disorder reaction index. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2004;6:96\u2013100.","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"key":"3076_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1002\/da.10113","volume":"18","author":"KM Connor","year":"2003","unstructured":"Connor KM, Davidson JRT. 2003. Development of a new resilience scale: the connor-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC). Depression Anxiety. 2003;18:76\u201382.","journal-title":"Depression Anxiety"},{"key":"3076_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1819.2010.02130.x","volume":"64","author":"L Wang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wang L, Shi Z, Zhang Y, Zhang Z. Psychometric properties of the 10-item Connor\u2013Davidson resilience scale in Chinese earthquake victims. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2010;64:499\u2013504.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"3076_CR40","first-page":"160","volume":"10","author":"L Huang","year":"1996","unstructured":"Huang L, Jiang QJ, Ren WH. 1996. Study on the correlation between coping style, social support and psychosomatic symptoms of cancer patients. Chin Ment Health J. 1996;10:160\u20131.","journal-title":"Chin Ment Health J"},{"key":"3076_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30168-1","volume":"7","author":"EA Holmes","year":"2020","unstructured":"Holmes EA, O'Connor RC, Perry VH, Tracey I, Wessely S, Arseneault L, et al. Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: a call for action for mental health science. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7:547\u201360.","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"3076_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-020-00640-3","volume":"12","author":"MT Heneka","year":"2020","unstructured":"Heneka MT, Golenbock D, Latz E, Morgan D, Brown R. Immediate and long- term consequences of COVID-19 infections for the development of neurological disease. Alzheimers Res Thearpy. 2020;12:69.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Thearpy"},{"key":"3076_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psym.2011.12.007","volume":"53","author":"AN Dubovsky","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dubovsky AN, Arvikar S, Stern TA, Axelrod L. The neuropsychiatric complications of glucocorticoid use: steroid psychosis revisited. Psychosomatics. 2012;53:103\u201315.","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"key":"3076_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-018-0498-5","volume":"26","author":"A Mascolo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mascolo A, Berrino PM, Gareri P, Castagna A, Capuano A, Manzo C, et al. Neuropsychiatric clinical manifestations in elderly patients treated with hydroxychloroquine: a review article. Inflammopharmacology. 2018;26:1141\u20139.","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"key":"3076_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.032408.153510","volume":"5","author":"D Watson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Watson D. Differentiating the mood and anxiety disorders: a quadripartite model. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2009;5:221\u201347.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Clin Psychol"},{"key":"3076_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2018.11.016","volume":"109","author":"M Price","year":"2019","unstructured":"Price M, Legrand AC, Brier ZMF, Hebert-Dufresne L. The symptoms at the center: examining the comorbidity of posttraumatic stress disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and depression with network analysis. J Psychiatr Res. 2019;109:52\u20138.","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"3076_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang YY, Hu Z, Feng Y, Wilson A, Chen RS. Changes in network centrality of psychopathology symptoms between the COVID-19 outbreak and after peak. Mol Psychiatry. 2020;25:2140\u20139.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-020-00881-6"},{"key":"3076_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-200204000-00007","volume":"190","author":"J Gavriovic","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gavriovic J, Lecic TD, Knezevic G, Priebe S. Predictors of posttraumatic stress in civilians one year after air attacks: a study of Yugoslavian students. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2002;190:257\u201362.","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"3076_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2011.02.003","volume":"53","author":"X Liu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Liu X, Kakade M, Fuller CJ, Fan B, Fang YY, Kong JH, et al. Depression after exposure to stressful events: lessons learned from the severe acute respiratory syndrome epidemic. Compr Psychiatry. 2012;53:15\u201323.","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"key":"3076_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2009.02947.x","volume":"15","author":"G Pappas","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pappas G, Kiriaze IJ, Giannakis P, Falagas ME. Psychosocial consequences of infectious diseases. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2009;15:743\u20137.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"3076_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.110.077263","volume":"197","author":"K Mulligan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mulligan K, Jones N, Woodhead C, Davies M, Wessely S, Greenberg N. Mental health of UK military personnel while on deployment in Iraq. Br J Psychiatry. 2010;197:405\u201310.","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["BMC Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12888-021-03076-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12888-021-03076-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12888-021-03076-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,8]],"date-time":"2021-02-08T22:45:14Z","timestamp":1612824314000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12888-021-03076-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,8]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3076"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-021-03076-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-244X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-244X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 October 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 January 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 February 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards put forth in the Declaration of Helsinki. The questionnaire was completed online in the WeChat application after informed consent was obtained. All subjects under the age of 18 who participated in this study did so after informed consent had been obtained from their parents. The study design and procedures were approved by the ethics review committee of the Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Protocol name: Evaluation and intervention of mental health of people affected by COVID-19).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"80"}}