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Little is known about treatment patterns and the influence of gender differences, which may be a predictor of clinical outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate gender differences in the use of atypical antipsychotics in patients with early-onset schizophrenia (EOS) assisted by the public health system in Brazil.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We conducted a cross-sectional study of outpatients with EOS aged 10 to 17\u2009years who received at least one provision of atypical antipsychotics (clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone, quetiapine or ziprasidone) from a large Brazilian pharmaceutical assistance programme. Data were retrieved from a nationwide administrative database from 2008 to 2017.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Of the 49,943 patients with EOS, 63.5% were males, and the mean age was 13.6\u2009years old. The patients were using risperidone (62.5%), olanzapine (19.6%), quetiapine (12.4%), ziprasidone (3.3%) and clozapine (2.2%). We found gender differences, especially in the 13\u201317\u2009year age group (65.1% for males vs. 34.9% for females, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), in the use of risperidone (72.1% for males vs. 27.9% for females, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and olanzapine (66.5% for males vs. 33.5% for females, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Only in the 13 to 17\u2009years age group were the prescribed doses of olanzapine (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.012) and quetiapine (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.041) slightly higher for males than for females.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Our findings showed gender differences among patients diagnosed with EOS and who received atypical antipsychotics. More attention should be devoted to gender differences in research and clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-021-03327-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,29]],"date-time":"2021-06-29T13:02:46Z","timestamp":1624971766000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Gender differences in the use of atypical antipsychotics in early-onset schizophrenia: a nationwide population-based study in Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Izabela","family":"Fulone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus Tolentino","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3684-3275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luciane Cruz","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"3327_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chc.2019.08.017","volume":"29","author":"DI Driver","year":"2020","unstructured":"Driver DI, Thomas S, Gogtay N, Rapoport JL. 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