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This study aimed to investigate how activity factors were related to well-being and functioning among three vulnerable groups using outpatient mental health care \u2013 young people with psychosis, people with a history of substance use disorder (SUD), and immigrants with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) \u2013 while controlling for vulnerability group, age and gender.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants represented the three types of vulnerability (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200946\/57\/39). Data collection, using self-report and interviewer-rated questionnaires, concerned aspects of everyday activity (work experiences; views of the worker role; satisfaction with everyday occupations; activity level), well-being (quality of life: life and health; quality of life: environmental aspects; recovery) and functioning (psychosocial functioning; symptom severity). Spearman correlations and General Linear Modelling were used.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Activity satisfaction was positive (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) but recent work experience negative (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.015) for the life and health aspect of quality of life. Activity satisfaction was positive for the environmental aspects of quality of life (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Resources for having a worker role (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and belief in having a future worker role (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.007) were positively associated with better recovery. Activity level (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001) and resources for having a worker role (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.004) showed positive associations with psychosocial functioning. Belief in a future worker role (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.011) was related with symptom level. Women had less severe symptoms in the young group with psychosis. Regarding vulnerability group, young people with psychosis perceived better quality of life; those with a history of SUD had less severe psychiatric symptoms; and the recent immigrants with PTSD had the highest level of psychosocial functioning.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Work experience may not be conducive to well-being in itself; it is satisfaction with work and other activities that matters, and worker and employer expectations need alignment. No vulnerability group seemed consistently more disadvantaged regarding well-being and functioning, but the fact that differences existed is vital to acknowledge in activity-based rehabilitation. Inquiring about meaningful activities and providing opportunities for executing them would be a fruitful way of support.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-021-03388-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,31]],"date-time":"2021-07-31T13:02:53Z","timestamp":1627736573000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A cross-sectional study addressing the importance of work and other everyday activities for well-being among people with mental illness: does additional vulnerability matter?"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2276-2172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"Eklund","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6976-5154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. 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