{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T03:35:54Z","timestamp":1793763354638,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,22]],"date-time":"2021-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632268800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,22]],"date-time":"2021-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632268800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overcontrol is a transdiagnostic cluster of traits associated with excessive psychological, behavioural and social inhibitory control. It is associated with psychiatric diagnoses of depression, restrictive eating disorders and\/or obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. Radically Open Dialectical Behaviour Therapy is a transdiagnostic treatment for maladaptive overcontrol. This case series evaluates an adolescent adaption (RO-A) for a transdiagnostic group of adolescents identified as overcontrolled.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-eight adolescents were consecutively referred for RO-A from two different National and Specialist Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services between June 2017 and February 2020. Baseline self-report measures assessed overcontrol characteristics, relationship and attachment quality and mental health symptoms of depression and eating disorders, which were repeated at discharge.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Adolescents in this case series reported high rates of depression (78.6%), self-harm (64.3%) and eating disorders (78.6%). Most (85.7%) had two or more mental health diagnoses and all had previous mental health treatments before starting RO-A. The mean number of RO-A sessions attended was 18 group-based skills classes and 21 individual sessions over a mean period of 34\u2009weeks. Significant improvements with medium and large effect sizes were reported in cognitive flexibility (\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091.63), risk aversion (\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091.17), increased reward processing (\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.79) and reduced suppression of emotional expression (\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.72). Adolescents also reported feeling less socially withdrawn (\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.97), more connected to others (\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091.03), as well as more confident (\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091.10) and comfortable (\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.85) in attachment relationships. Symptoms of depression (\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.71), eating disorders (\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091.06) and rates of self-harm (\n                      <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.39) also significantly improved. Exploratory correlation analyses suggest improvements in overcontrol are moderately to strongly correlated with improvements in symptoms of depression and eating disorders.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This case series provides preliminary data that RO-A may be an effective new treatment for adolescents with overcontrol and moderate to severe mental health disorders like depression and eating disorders. RO-A led to improved management of overcontrol, improved relationship quality and reduced mental health symptoms. Further evaluation is indicated by this case series, particularly for underweight young people with eating disorders. More rigorous testing of the model is required as conclusions are only tentative due to the small sample size and methodological limitations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-021-03460-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,22]],"date-time":"2021-09-22T07:04:19Z","timestamp":1632294259000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Radically open dialectical behaviour therapy adapted for adolescents: a case series"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7840-4158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julian","family":"Baudinet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5764-0779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0355-2770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleanor","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Konstantellou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rhian","family":"Parham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keren","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrina","family":"Hunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8211-7514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivan","family":"Eisler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4900-1429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mima","family":"Simic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"3460_CR1","first-page":"504","volume-title":"Radically open dialectical behavior therapy: Theory and practice for treating disorders of overcontrol","author":"TR Lynch","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lynch TR. Radically open dialectical behavior therapy: Theory and practice for treating disorders of overcontrol. Oakland: Context Press\/New Harbinger Publications; 2018. p. 504. (Radically open dialectical behavior therapy: Theory and practice for treating disorders of overcontrol.)"},{"key":"3460_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2020.102224","volume":"72","author":"K Gilbert","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gilbert K, Perino MT, Myers MJ, Sylvester CM. Overcontrol and neural response to errors in pediatric anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord. 2020;72:102224. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.janxdis.2020.102224.","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"3460_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1080\/10640266.2018.1418268","volume":"26","author":"R Hempel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hempel R, Vanderbleek E, Lynch TR. Radically open DBT: targeting emotional loneliness in anorexia nervosa. Eat Disord. 2018;26(1):92\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10640266.2018.1418268.","journal-title":"Eat Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"3460_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2019.53","volume":"216","author":"TR Lynch","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lynch TR, Hempel RJ, Whalley B, Byford S, Chamba R, Clarke P, et al. Refractory depression \u2013 mechanisms and efficacy of radically open dialectical behaviour therapy (RefraMED): findings of a randomised trial on benefits and harms. Br J Psychiatry. 2020;216(4):204\u201312.","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"3460_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2013.01.003","volume":"36","author":"WH Kaye","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kaye WH, Wierenga CE, Bailer UF, Simmons AN, Bischoff-Grethe A. Nothing tastes as good as skinny feels: the neurobiology of anorexia nervosa. Trends Neurosci. 2013;36(2):110\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tins.2013.01.003.","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"3460_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780199352487.001.0001\/oxfordhb-9780199352487-e-21","volume-title":"Childhood Personality and Temperament","author":"S De Pauw","year":"2016","unstructured":"De Pauw S. In: Widiger TA, editor. Childhood Personality and Temperament, vol. 1. [cited 2020 Jun 17]. Available from: Oxford University Press; 2016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780199352487.001.0001\/oxfordhb-9780199352487-e-21."},{"key":"3460_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blinder BJ, Cumella EJ, Sanathara VA. Psychiatric Comorbidities of Female Inpatients With Eating Disorders. Psychosom Med. 2006;68(3) Available from: https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/psychosomaticmedicine\/Fulltext\/2006\/05000\/Psychiatric_Comorbidities_of_Female_Inpatients.16.aspx.","DOI":"10.1097\/01.psy.0000221254.77675.f5"},{"issue":"12","key":"3460_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2215","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.12.2215","volume":"7","author":"WH Kaye","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kaye WH, Bulik CM, Thornton L, Barbarich N, Masters K. Comorbidity of anxiety disorders with anorexia and bulimia nervosa. Am J Psychiatry. 2004;7(12):2215\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.12.2215.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"3460_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.12.002","volume":"209","author":"R Smith","year":"2017","unstructured":"Smith R, Shepard C, Wiltgen A, Rufino K, Fowler JC. Treatment outcomes for inpatients with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder: an open comparison trial. J Affect Disord. 2017;209:273\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2016.12.002.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"3460_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-017-0145-3","volume":"5","author":"SS Khalsa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Khalsa SS, Portnoff LC, McCurdy-McKinnon D, Feusner JD. What happens after treatment? A systematic review of relapse, remission, and recovery in anorexia nervosa. J Eat Disord. 2017;5(1):20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40337-017-0145-3.","journal-title":"J Eat Disord"},{"issue":"8","key":"3460_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00486","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.486","volume":"6","author":"P Negt","year":"2016","unstructured":"Negt P, Brakemeier E-L, Michalak J, Winter L, Bleich S, Kahl KG. The treatment of chronic depression with cognitive behavioral analysis system of psychotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized-controlled clinical trials. Brain Behav. 2016;6(8):e00486.","journal-title":"Brain Behav"},{"issue":"3","key":"3460_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.638","volume":"13","author":"M Richard","year":"2005","unstructured":"Richard M, Bauer S, Kordy H. And COST action B6. Relapse in anorexia and bulimia nervosa\u2014a 2.5-year follow-up study. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2005;13(3):180\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/erv.638.","journal-title":"Eur Eat Disord Rev"},{"issue":"12","key":"3460_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2263","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.12.2263","volume":"162","author":"PK Keel","year":"2005","unstructured":"Keel PK, Dorer DJ, Franko DL, Jackson SC, Herzog DB. Postremission predictors of relapse in women with eating disorders. Am J Psychiatry. 2005;162(12):2263\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.12.2263.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"3460_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1037\/a0015401","volume":"77","author":"JC Fournier","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fournier JC, DeRubeis RJ, Shelton RC, Hollon SD, Amsterdam JD, Gallop R. Prediction of response to medication and cognitive therapy in the treatment of moderate to severe depression. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2009;77(4):775\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0015401.","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3460_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20369","volume":"40","author":"ND Berkman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Berkman ND, Lohr KN, Bulik CM. Outcomes of eating disorders: a systematic review of the literature. Int J Eat Disord. 2007;40(4):293\u2013309. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.20369.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"3460_CR16","volume-title":"The skills training manual for radically open dialectical behavior therapy: a Clinician\u2019s guide for treating disorders of Overcontrol","author":"TR Lynch","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lynch TR. The skills training manual for radically open dialectical behavior therapy: a Clinician\u2019s guide for treating disorders of Overcontrol. Oakland: Context Press\/New Harbinger Publications; 2018."},{"issue":"1","key":"3460_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1097\/00019442-200301000-00006","volume":"11","author":"TR Lynch","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lynch TR, Morse JQ, Mendelson T, Robins CJ. Dialectical behavior therapy for depressed older adults: a randomized pilot study. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2003;11(1):13\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00019442-200301000-00006.","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"3460_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.1703","volume":"22","author":"TR Lynch","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lynch TR, Cheavens JS, Cukrowicz KC, Thorp SR, Bronner L, Beyer J. Treatment of older adults with co-morbid personality disorder and depression: a dialectical behavior therapy approach. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2007;22(2):131\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/gps.1703.","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"3460_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22360","volume":"48","author":"EY Chen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chen EY, Segal K, Weissman J, Zeffiro TA, Gallop R, Linehan MM, et al. Adapting dialectical behavior therapy for outpatient adult anorexia nervosa-a pilot study: adapting DBT for Outpatent adult anorexia. Int J Eat Disord. 2015;48(1):123\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.22360.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord."},{"key":"3460_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Isaksson M, Ghaderi A, Ramklint M, Wolf-Arehult M. Radically open dialectical behavior therapy for anorexia nervosa: a multiple baseline single-case experimental design study across 13 cases. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry. 2021;71:101637. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbtep.2021.101637.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2021.101637"},{"issue":"1","key":"3460_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-13-293","volume":"13","author":"TR Lynch","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lynch TR, Gray KL, Hempel RJ, Titley M, Chen EY, O\u2019Mahen HA. Radically open-dialectical behavior therapy for adult anorexia nervosa: feasibility and outcomes from an inpatient program. BMC Psychiatry. 2013;13(1):293. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-244X-13-293.","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"3460_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-020-00338-9","volume":"8","author":"J Baudinet","year":"2020","unstructured":"Baudinet J, Simic M, Griffiths H, Donnelly C, Stewart C, Goddard E. Targeting maladaptive overcontrol with radically open dialectical behaviour therapy in a day programme for adolescents with restrictive eating disorders: an uncontrolled case series. J Eat Disord. 2020;8(1):68. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40337-020-00338-9.","journal-title":"J Eat Disord"},{"key":"3460_CR23","volume-title":"Junior MARSIPAN: Management of Really Sick Patients under 18 with Anorexia Nervosa (College Report CR168)","author":"Junior MARSIPAN Group","year":"2012","unstructured":"Junior MARSIPAN Group. Junior MARSIPAN: Management of Really Sick Patients under 18 with Anorexia Nervosa (College Report CR168). 2012 [cited 2020 Apr 25]. Available from: Retrieved from: https:\/\/www.rcpsych.ac.uk\/docs\/default-source\/improving-care\/better-mh-policy\/college-reports\/college-report-cr168.pdf"},{"issue":"2","key":"3460_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.85.2.348","volume":"85","author":"JJ Gross","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gross JJ, John OP. Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2003;85(2):348\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-3514.85.2.348.","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3460_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1080\/00223891.2018.1564319","volume":"102","author":"DA Preece","year":"2020","unstructured":"Preece DA, Becerra R, Robinson K, Gross JJ. The emotion regulation questionnaire: psychometric properties in general community samples. J Pers Assess. 2020;102(3):348\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00223891.2018.1564319.","journal-title":"J Pers Assess"},{"key":"3460_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"G\u00f3mez-Ortiz O, Romera EM, Ortega-Ruiz R, Cabello R, Fern\u00e1ndez-Berrocal P. Analysis of emotion regulation in spanish adolescents: validation of the emotion regulation questionnaire. Front Psychol. 2016 7 [cited 2020 Apr 17];6. Available from. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.01959\/abstract.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.01959\/abstract"},{"issue":"4","key":"3460_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191113489847","volume":"20","author":"JA Linde","year":"2013","unstructured":"Linde JA, Stringer D, Simms LJ, Clark LA. The schedule for nonadaptive and adaptive personality for youth (SNAP-Y): a new measure for assessing adolescent personality and personality pathology. Assessment. 2013;20(4):387\u2013404. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1073191113489847.","journal-title":"Assessment."},{"issue":"3","key":"3460_CR28","first-page":"199","volume":"22","author":"SC Kushner","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kushner SC, Tackett JL, De Clercq B. The joint hierarchical structure of adolescent personality pathology: converging evidence from two approaches to measurement. J Can Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry J Acad Can Psychiatr Enfant Adolesc. 2013;22(3):199\u2013205.","journal-title":"J Can Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry J Acad Can Psychiatr Enfant Adolesc"},{"issue":"5","key":"3460_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1080\/00223891.2012.677885","volume":"94","author":"DB Samuel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Samuel DB, Riddell ADB, Lynam DR, Miller JD, Widiger TA. A five-factor measure of obsessive\u2013compulsive personality traits. J Pers Assess. 2012;94(5):456\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00223891.2012.677885.","journal-title":"J Pers Assess"},{"issue":"1","key":"3460_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191116643818","volume":"25","author":"SA Griffin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Griffin SA, Suzuki T, Lynam DR, Crego C, Widiger TA, Miller JD, et al. Development and examination of the five-factor obsessive-compulsive inventory\u2013short form. Assessment. 2016;25(1):56\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1073191116643818.","journal-title":"Assessment."},{"issue":"6","key":"3460_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrp.2005.11.001","volume":"40","author":"DE Gard","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gard DE, Gard MG, Kring AM, John OP. Anticipatory and consummatory components of the experience of pleasure: a scale development study. J Res Personal. 2006;40(6):1086\u2013102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jrp.2005.11.001.","journal-title":"J Res Personal"},{"key":"3460_CR32","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Anhedonia and affect deficit states","author":"DN Klein","year":"1984","unstructured":"Klein DN. Depression and anhedonia. In: Clark DC, Fawcett J, editors. Anhedonia and affect deficit states. New York: PMA Publishing; 1984. p. 1\u201334."},{"issue":"1","key":"3460_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000122","volume":"28","author":"AE Whitton","year":"2015","unstructured":"Whitton AE, Treadway MT. Pizzagalli DA. Reward processing dysfunction in major depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia: Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2015;28(1):7\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000122.","journal-title":"Reward processing dysfunction in major depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia: Curr Opin Psychiatry"},{"key":"3460_CR34","volume-title":"Manual for the ASEBA school-age forms & profiles: an integrated system of multi-informant assessment","author":"TM Achenbach","year":"2001","unstructured":"Achenbach TM, Rescorla L. Manual for the ASEBA school-age forms & profiles: an integrated system of multi-informant assessment. Aseba: Burlington; 2001."},{"issue":"3","key":"3460_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0167.48.3.310","volume":"48","author":"RM Lee","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lee RM, Draper M, Lee S. Social connectedness, dysfunctional interpersonal behaviors, and psychological distress: testing a mediator model. J Couns Psychol. 2001;48(3):310\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-0167.48.3.310.","journal-title":"J Couns Psychol"},{"key":"3460_CR36","first-page":"128","volume-title":"Attachment in adults","author":"J Feeney","year":"1994","unstructured":"Feeney J, Noller P, Hanrahan M. Assessing adult attachment. In: Sperling MB, Berman WH, editors. Attachment in adults. New York: The Guilford Press; 1994. p. 128\u201351."},{"issue":"5","key":"3460_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1080\/02646838.2017.1342786","volume":"35","author":"C Axfors","year":"2017","unstructured":"Axfors C, Sylv\u00e9n S, Skalkidou A, Ramklint M. Psychometric properties of the attachment style questionnaire in Swedish pregnant women: short and full versions. J Reprod Infant Psychol. 2017;35(5):450\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02646838.2017.1342786.","journal-title":"J Reprod Infant Psychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3460_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1177\/0034355217709477","volume":"61","author":"K Iwanaga","year":"2018","unstructured":"Iwanaga K, Blake J, Yaghmaian R, Umucu E, Chan F, Brooks JM, et al. Preliminary validation of a short-form version of the attachment style questionnaire for use in clinical rehabilitation counseling research and practice. Rehabil Couns Bull. 2018;61(4):205\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0034355217709477.","journal-title":"Rehabil Couns Bull"},{"key":"3460_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2018.12.004","volume":"68","author":"T Jewell","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jewell T, Gardner T, Susi K, Watchorn K, Coopey E, Simic M, et al. Attachment measures in middle childhood and adolescence: a systematic review of measurement properties. Clin Psychol Rev. 2019;68:71\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2018.12.004.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"3460_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5. 5th ed. Washington, D.C: American Psychiatric Association; 2013. p. 947.","edition":"5"},{"key":"3460_CR41","volume-title":"International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems (ICD-10). 10th revision","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2004","unstructured":"World Health Organization. International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems (ICD-10). 10th revision, vol. 3. 2nd ed. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2004.","edition":"2"},{"issue":"5","key":"3460_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2000.tb02345.x","volume":"41","author":"R Goodman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Goodman R, Ford T, Richards H, Gatward R, Meltzer H. The development and well-being assessment: description and initial validation of an integrated assessment of child and adolescent psychopathology. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2000;41(5):645\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2000.tb02345.x.","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"#cr-split#-3460_CR43.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aebi M, Kuhn C, Metzke CW, Stringaris A, Goodman R, Steinhausen H-C. The use of the development and well-being assessment (DAWBA) in clinical practice: a randomized trial. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2012;21","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-012-0293-6"},{"key":"#cr-split#-3460_CR43.2","unstructured":"(10) Oct [cited 2020 Apr 29]. Available from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3866649\/."},{"key":"3460_CR44","first-page":"50","volume-title":"Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Eating Disorders Guilford Press. Edition 16.0D","author":"CG Fairburn","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fairburn CG, Cooper Z, O\u2019Connor M. Eating Disorder Examination. In: Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Eating Disorders Guilford Press. Edition 16.0D. New York: Guilford Press; 2008. p. 50."},{"issue":"6","key":"3460_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20528","volume":"41","author":"J House","year":"2008","unstructured":"House J, Eisler I, Simic M, Micali N. Diagnosing eating disorders in adolescents: a comparison of the eating disorder examination and the development and well-being assessment. Int J Eat Disord. 2008;41(6):535\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.20528.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord."},{"key":"3460_CR46","first-page":"237","volume":"5","author":"A Angold","year":"1995","unstructured":"Angold A, Costello EJ, Messer SC, Pickles A, Winder F, Silver D. The development of a short questionnaire for use in epidemiological studies of depression in children and adolescents. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. 1995;5:237\u201349.","journal-title":"Int J Methods Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"3460_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01828.x","volume":"36","author":"A Wood","year":"1995","unstructured":"Wood A, Kroll L, Moore A, Harrington R. Properties of the mood and feelings questionnaire in adolescent psychiatric outpatients: a research note. Child Psychol Psychiatry Allied Discip. 1995;36(2):327\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01828.x.","journal-title":"Child Psychol Psychiatry Allied Discip"},{"issue":"9","key":"3460_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2006.01646.x","volume":"47","author":"WB Daviss","year":"2006","unstructured":"Daviss WB, Birmaher B, Melhem NA, Axelson DA, Michaels SM, Brent DA. Criterion validity of the mood and feelings questionnaire for depressive episodes in clinic and non-clinic subjects: criterion validity of mood and feelings questionnaire. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2006;47(9):927\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2006.01646.x.","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"3460_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1610","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.1610","volume":"27","author":"H Thabrew","year":"2018","unstructured":"Thabrew H, Stasiak K, Bavin L, Frampton C, Merry S. Validation of the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ) and Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ) in New Zealand help-seeking adolescents. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. 2018;27(3):e1610 Sep [cited 2020 Aug 7]. Available from: https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/mpr.1610, 27, 3.","journal-title":"Int J Methods Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"3460_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(03)00161-X","volume":"42","author":"JM Mond","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mond JM, Hay PJ, Rodgers B, Owen C, Beumont PJV. Validity of the eating disorder examination questionnaire (EDE-Q) in screening for eating disorders in community samples. Behav Res Ther. 2004;42(5):551\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0005-7967(03)00161-X.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"3460_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2017.08.002","volume":"31","author":"KM Jennings","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jennings KM, Phillips KE. Eating disorder examination\u2013questionnaire (EDE\u2013Q): norms for clinical sample of female adolescents with anorexia nervosa. Arch Psychiatr Nurs. 2017;31(6):578\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apnu.2017.08.002.","journal-title":"Arch Psychiatr Nurs"},{"issue":"5","key":"3460_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(00)00033-4","volume":"39","author":"JC Carter","year":"2001","unstructured":"Carter JC, Stewart DA, Fairburn CG. Eating disorder examination questionnaire: norms for young adolescent girls. Behav Res Ther. 2001;39(5):625\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0005-7967(00)00033-4.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"3460_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1017\/S1352465814000162","volume":"43","author":"S Lloyd","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lloyd S, Schmidt U, Khondoker M, Tchanturia K. Can psychological interventions reduce perfectionism? A systematic review and Meta-analysis. Behav Cogn Psychother. 2015;43(6):705\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1352465814000162.","journal-title":"Behav Cogn Psychother"},{"issue":"4","key":"3460_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1111\/camh.12067","volume":"19","author":"L Morris","year":"2014","unstructured":"Morris L, Lomax C. Review: assessment, development, and treatment of childhood perfectionism: a systematic review. Child Adolesc Ment Health. 2014;19(4):225\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/camh.12067.","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Ment Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"3460_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000138","volume":"145","author":"T Curran","year":"2019","unstructured":"Curran T, Hill AP. Perfectionism is increasing over time: a meta-analysis of birth cohort differences from 1989 to 2016. Psychol Bull. 2019;145(4):410\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/bul0000138.","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"issue":"4","key":"3460_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1111\/cdep.12050","volume":"7","author":"JJA Denissen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Denissen JJA, van Aken MAG, Penke L, Wood D. Self-regulation underlies temperament and personality: an integrative developmental framework. Child Dev Perspect. 2013;7(4):255\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cdep.12050.","journal-title":"Child Dev Perspect"},{"key":"3460_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lenz AS, James P, Stewart C, Simic M, Hempel R, Carr S. A Preliminary Validation of the Youth Over- and Under-Control (YOU-C) Screening Measure with a Community Sample. Int J Adv Couns. 2021 27 [cited 2021 Jun 1]; Available from. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10447-021-09439-9.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10447-021-09439-9"}],"container-title":["BMC Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12888-021-03460-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12888-021-03460-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12888-021-03460-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,22]],"date-time":"2021-09-22T07:06:29Z","timestamp":1632294389000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12888-021-03460-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,22]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3460"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-021-03460-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-244X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-244X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 March 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 August 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 September 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the SLaM CAMHS Service Evaluation and Audit Committee. As this study constitutes service evaluation or audit, NHS Research Ethics Committee approval was not required. SLaM CAMHS service evaluation and audit approval allows for analysis and publication of anonymised data extracted from case files without written consent from participants or carers. All methods were performed in accordance with the required guidelines and regulations.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"SLaM CAMHS service evaluation and audit approval allows for publication of anonymised data extracted from case files without written consent from participants or carers.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"462"}}