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We explore the relationship between desistance from crime, treatment type, treatment retention and positive changes in known risk factors for crime.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We\u00a0used data from the NorComt-study; a longitudinal study of substance users (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u2009341) enrolled in comprehensive treatment in Norway (2012\u20132015). At treatment initiation (T0) and 1\u00a0year later (T1), we collected self-reported data on criminal involvement, treatment, substance use, social network and self-control. We calculated adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) with multinomial logistic regression analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, 1 year following treatment initiation 69% reported desistance from crime, 18% reported continued crime and 12% reported no crime at all in the study period. Desistance was high for OMT patients in ongoing treatment (79% desisted) and for inpatients regardless of treatment status (79\u201393% desisted), while not as high among OMT patients with interrupted treatment (47% desisted). For participants that continued crime during follow-up, the average number of criminal acts per month was reduced (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u20090.001). Desistance at follow-up was associated with being older (aOR: 1.05, CI: 1.00\u20131.10), inpatient treatment (aOR: 3.71, CI: 1.12\u201312.29), being in ongoing treatment (inpatient or OMT) (aOR: 2.90, CI: 1.01\u20138.36), having no stimulant use in the study period (aOR: 4.86, CI: 1.72\u201313.70), leaving a substance using social network (aOR 2.87, CI: 1.15\u20137.18) and improvement in self-control score (aOR: 1.08, CI: 1.04\u20131.13).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retention in treatment is particularly important for crime outcomes among OMT patients. Positive changes in social network and self-control are potential contributors to desistance from crime. Targeted interventions towards crime reduction are recommended for patients with stimulant use, which appears to be a persistent risk factor for crime over time.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-021-03518-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,12]],"date-time":"2021-11-12T11:03:08Z","timestamp":1636714988000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Desistance from crime following substance use treatment: the role of treatment retention, social network and self-control"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4033-4908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ingeborg","family":"Skj\u00e6rv\u00f8","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Clausen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Svetlana","family":"Skurtveit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Bukten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"3518_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2013.08.003","volume":"133","author":"C Marel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Marel C, Mills KL, Darke S, Ross J, Slade T, Burns L, et al. 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