{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T01:20:10Z","timestamp":1793409610277,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,10]],"date-time":"2021-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636502400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,10]],"date-time":"2021-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636502400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To explore the influence of childhood trauma and family alcohol use on male alcohol use disorder.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We conducted a case-control study using Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and a structured interview involving 129 men with alcohol use disorder and 129 healthy male volunteers. The two groups were compared in terms of childhood trauma, parental drinking behavior, and attitudes toward childhood drinking.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Patients showed higher scores of CTQ than controls on childhood trauma experiences, including on the subscales of physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, and emotional neglect. Higher proportions of patients than controls had fathers who drank seven or more times a week, and had mothers who were opposed to childhood drinking. Conversely, a smaller proportion of patients than controls had fathers who opposed childhood drinking. Patients were more likely than controls to have been induced to drink as children. Logistic regression analysis identified three risk factors for alcohol use disorder: induced drinking during childhood [odds ratio (OR) 6.09, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.56\u201314.51], the father\u2019s weekly alcohol consumption during the respondent\u2019s childhood (OR 4.40, 95%CI 2.94\u20136.58) and history of smoking (OR 3.39, 95%CI 1.48\u20137.77). Conversely, more years of education were a protective factor against alcohol use disorder (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.78\u20130.99).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Men whose fathers drank frequently during their childhood and were encouraged to drink may be at increased risk of alcohol use disorder in adulthood. In fact these factors of family alcohol use appear to increase risk of alcohol use disorder among adult men more than exposure to childhood trauma does.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-021-03566-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,10]],"date-time":"2021-11-10T09:02:32Z","timestamp":1636534952000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Family alcohol use, rather than childhood trauma, is more likely to cause male alcohol use disorder: findings from a case-control study in northern China"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Xu","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunmeng","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peiru","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"3566_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)00104-8","volume":"3","author":"GF Koob","year":"2016","unstructured":"Koob GF, Volkow ND. Neurobiology of addiction: a neurocircuitry analysis. Lancet Psychiatry. 2016;3(8):760\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)00104-8.","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10200","key":"3566_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31775-1","volume":"394","author":"AF Carvalho","year":"2019","unstructured":"Carvalho AF, Heilig M, Perez A, Probst C, Rehm J. Alcohol use disorders. Lancet. 2019;394(10200):781\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31775-1.","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"issue":"2","key":"3566_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1080\/10550490802544391","volume":"18","author":"G Martinotti","year":"2009","unstructured":"Martinotti G, Nicola MD, Tedeschi D, Cundari S, Janiri L. Empathy ability is impaired in alcohol-dependent patients. Am J Addict. 2009;18(2):157\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10550490802544391.","journal-title":"Am J Addict"},{"issue":"9","key":"3566_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13838","volume":"112","author":"J Foulds","year":"2017","unstructured":"Foulds J, Boden J, Newton-Howes G, Mulder R, Horwood L. The role of novelty seeking as a predictor of substance use disorder outcomes in early adulthood. Addiction. 2017;112(9):1629\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/add.13838.","journal-title":"Addiction."},{"key":"3566_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2014.12.028","volume":"148","author":"MD Nicola","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nicola MD, Tedeschi D, Risio LD, Pettorruso M, Martinotti G, Ruggeri F, et al. Co-occurrence of alcohol use disorder and behavioral addictions: relevance of impulsivity and craving. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2015;148:118\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2014.12.028.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"3566_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2011.07.007","volume":"135","author":"B Vyssoki","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vyssoki B, Bl\u00fcml V, Gleiss A, Friedrich F, Kogoj D, Walter H, et al. The impact of temperament in the course of alcohol dependence. J Affect Disord. 2011;135(1\u20133):177\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2011.07.007.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"3566_CR7","volume-title":"Convention on the rights of the child","author":"United Nations General Assembly","year":"1989","unstructured":"United Nations General Assembly. Convention on the rights of the child. New York: United Nations; 1989."},{"issue":"10","key":"3566_CR8","first-page":"734","volume":"33","author":"R Qinqin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Qinqin R, Xiaoqin Z, Rui T. Relationship between cognitive function and childhood traumatic experience in patients with chronic alcohol dependence. Chin Ment Health J. 2019;33(10):734\u20138 [In Chinese with English Abstract].","journal-title":"Chin Ment Health J"},{"issue":"1","key":"3566_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14794","volume":"115","author":"S Kisely","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kisely S, Mills R, Strathearn L, Najman JM. Does child maltreatment predict alcohol use disorders in young adulthood? A cohort study of linked notifications and survey data. Addiction. 2020;115(1):61\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/add.14794.","journal-title":"Addiction."},{"issue":"3","key":"3566_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.109.063677","volume":"196","author":"BD Oladeji","year":"2010","unstructured":"Oladeji BD, Makanjuola VA, Gureje O. Family-related adverse childhood experiences as risk factors for psychiatric disorders in Nigeria. Br J Psychiatry. 2010;196(3):186\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.bp.109.063677.","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"3566_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/1753-2000-4-17","volume":"4","author":"CW Kabiru","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kabiru CW, Beguym D, Crichton J, et al. Self-reported drunkenness among adolescents in four sub-Saharan African countries: associations with adverse childhood experiences. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health. 2010;4(1):17.","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"3566_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.13.129247","volume":"92","author":"MA Bellis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bellis MA, Hughes K, Leckenby N, Jones L, Baban A, Kachaeva M, et al. Adverse childhood experiences and associations with health-harming behaviors in young adults: surveys in eight eastern European countries [J]. Bull WHO. 2014;92(9):641\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2471\/BLT.13.129247.","journal-title":"Bull WHO"},{"issue":"12","key":"3566_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1744","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199712000-00023","volume":"36","author":"DB Clark","year":"1997","unstructured":"Clark DB, Lesnick L, Hegedus AM. Traumas and other adverse life events in adolescents with alcohol abuse and dependence. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1997 Dec;36(12):1744\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00004583-199712000-00023.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"3566_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0000212","volume":"9","author":"ER Dworkin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dworkin ER, Mota NP, Schumacher JA, Vinci C, Coffffey SF. The unique associations of sexual assault and intimate partner violence with PTSD symptom clusters in a traumatized substance-abusing sample. Psychol Trauma Theory Res Pract Policy. 2017;9(4):500\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/tra0000212.","journal-title":"Psychol Trauma Theory Res Pract Policy"},{"key":"3566_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2017.08.019","volume":"76","author":"ER Dworkin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dworkin ER, Wanklyn S, Stasiewicz PR, Coffffey SF. PTSD symptom presentation among people with alcohol and drug use disorders: comparisons by substance of abuse. Addict Behav. 2018;76:188\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2017.08.019.","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"3566_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.08.255","volume":"171","author":"DL Homish","year":"2017","unstructured":"Homish DL, Heavey SC, Devonish J, Cornelius J, Homish GG. Nonmedical and illicit drug use: Associations with PTSD severity and symptom clusters among a sample of U.S. army reserve\/national guard soldiers. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 2017;171(1):e91.","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"issue":"3","key":"3566_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1111\/jmft.12348","volume":"45","author":"HA Love","year":"2019","unstructured":"Love HA, Torgerson CN, Love HA, Torgerson CN. Traumatic experiences in childhood and adult substance use in a nonclinical sample: the mediating role of arousal\/reactivity. J Marital Fam Ther. 2019;45(3):508\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jmft.12348.","journal-title":"J Marital Fam Ther"},{"key":"3566_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eric L. Garland, Carrie Pettus-Davis, Matthew O. Howard. Self-medication among traumatized youth: structural equation modeling of pathways between trauma history, substance misuse, and psychological distress. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10865-012-9413-5"},{"issue":"2","key":"3566_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ALC.0000057122.36127.C2","volume":"27","author":"G Koob","year":"2003","unstructured":"Koob G, Alcoholism F. Allostasis and beyond. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2003;27(2):232\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.ALC.0000057122.36127.C2.","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"3566_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(00)00195-0","volume":"24","author":"GF Koob","year":"2001","unstructured":"Koob GF, Le Moal M. Drug addiction, dysregulation of reward, and allostasis. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2001;24(2):97\u2013129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0893-133X(00)00195-0.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"3566_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.59.103006.093548","volume":"59","author":"GF Koob","year":"2008","unstructured":"Koob GF, Le Moal M. Addiction and the brain antireward system. Annu Rev Psychol. 2008;59(1):29\u2013530. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.psych.59.103006.093548.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Psychol"},{"key":"3566_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scalici F, Schulz PJ. Parents\u2019and peers\u2019normative influence on adolescents\u2019smoking: results from a Swiss-Italian sample of middle schools students. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy. 2017;12(5).","DOI":"10.1186\/s13011-017-0089-2"},{"issue":"8","key":"3566_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.32583","volume":"174B","author":"S Kenneth","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kenneth S, Kendler MD, Ohlsson H, Edwards A, et al. The clinical features of alcohol use disorders in biological and step-fathers that predict risk for alcohol use disorders in offspring. Am J Med Genet. 2017;174B(8):779\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajmg.b.32583.","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"issue":"2","key":"3566_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2004.02.006","volume":"29","author":"LM Berger","year":"2005","unstructured":"Berger LM. Income, family characteristics, and physical violence toward children. Child Abuse Negl. 2005;29(2):107\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2004.02.006.","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"issue":"10","key":"3566_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.84.10.1586","volume":"84","author":"K Kelleher","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kelleher K, Chaffin M, Holleberg J, Fischer E. Alcohol and drug disorders among physically abusive and neglectful parents in a community-based sample. Am J Public Health. 1994;84(10):1586\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/AJPH.84.10.1586.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"23","key":"3566_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3166","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1992.03480230058028","volume":"267","author":"PE Bijur","year":"1992","unstructured":"Bijur PE, Kurzon M, Overpeck MD, Scheidt PC. Parental alcohol use, problem drinking, and children's injuries. JAMA. 1992;267(23):3166\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.1992.03480230058028.","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"issue":"1","key":"3566_CR27","first-page":"1","volume":"17","author":"L Bing","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bing L, Shen Y, Baiquan Z, Zheng X, Wang X. The test of AUDIT in China. Chin Ment Health J. 2003;17(1):1\u20133 [In Chinese with English Abstract].","journal-title":"Chin Ment Health J"},{"issue":"3","key":"3566_CR28","first-page":"161","volume":"24","author":"Z Jingxuan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jingxuan Z, Chuanhua L, Jisheng T, Huimin Q, Lanfen L, Songbo W, et al. Epidemiological survey of mental disorders in persons aged 18 years and older in Shandong Province. Chin Ment Health J. 2010;24(3):161\u2013167,182 [In Chinese with English Abstract].","journal-title":"Chin Ment Health J"},{"key":"3566_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2016.04.006","volume":"68","author":"Z Liu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liu Z, Yang Y, Shi Z, Liu J, Wang Y. The risk of male adult alcohol dependence: the role of the adverse childhood experiences and ecological executive function. Compr Psychiatry. 2016;68:129\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.comppsych.2016.04.006.","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"3566_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1993.tb02093.x","volume":"88","author":"JB Saunders","year":"1993","unstructured":"Saunders JB, Aasland OG, Babor TF, de la Fuente JR, Grant M. Development of the alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT): WHO collaborative project on early detection of persons with harmful alcohol consumption--II. Addiction. 1993;88(6):791\u2013804. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1993.tb02093.x.","journal-title":"Addiction."},{"issue":"1","key":"3566_CR31","first-page":"40","volume":"13","author":"F Wenqing","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wenqing F, Shuqiao Y, Yu H, Xingfu Z, Li R, Ying L, et al. Initial reliability and validity of childhood Truama Questinnaire (CTQ-SF) apllied in Chinese college students. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2005;13(1):40\u20132 [In Chinese with English Abstract].","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"3566_CR32","unstructured":"Chen Chiwei. Try to analysis the cause of personality differences and physical characteristics of north and the south people of China over \u201cMateria Medica Answers\u201d. Chinese Journal of Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacy.2014,14:29. [In Chinese]."},{"issue":"9","key":"3566_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1990.tb03439.x","volume":"85","author":"E Harburg","year":"1990","unstructured":"Harburg E, Gleiberman L, DiFranceisco W, Schork A, Weissfeld L. Familial transmission of alcohol use, III. Impact of imitation\/non-imitation of parent alcohol use (1960) on the sensible\/problem drinking of their offspring (1977). Br J Addict. 1990;85(9):1141\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1990.tb03439.x.","journal-title":"Br J Addict"},{"issue":"6","key":"3566_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agq053","volume":"45","author":"H Larsen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Larsen H, Overbeek G, Granic I, Engels RC. Imitation of alcohol consumption in same-sex and other-sex dyads. Alcohol Alcohol. 2010;45(6):557\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/alcalc\/agq053.","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3566_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-200003000-00004","volume":"188","author":"ER Weitzman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Weitzman ER, Wechsler H. Alcohol use, abuse, and related problems among children of problem drinkers: findings from a national survey of college alcohol use. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2000;188(3):148\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005053-200003000-00004.","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"3566_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e64","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(17)30240-2","volume":"3","author":"RP Mattick","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mattick RP, Clare PJ, Aiken A, Wadolowski M, Hutchinson D, Najman J, et al. Association of parental supply of alcohol with adolescent drinking, alcohol-related harms, and alcohol use disorder symptoms: a prospective cohort study. Lancet Public Health. 2018;3(2):e64\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2468-2667(17)30240-2.","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"3566_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2016.111","volume":"17","author":"MH Teicher","year":"2016","unstructured":"Teicher MH, Samson JA, Anderson CM, Ohashi K. The effects of childhood maltreatment on brain structure, function and connectivity. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2016;17(10):652\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn.2016.111.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"3566_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.10.018","volume":"83","author":"S Tomassi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tomassi S, Tosato S. Epigenetics and gene expression profile in first-episode psychosis: the role of childhood trauma. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2017;83:226\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.10.018.","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"3566_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12507","volume":"57","author":"MH Teicher","year":"2016","unstructured":"Teicher MH, Samson JA. Annual research review: enduring neurobiological effects of childhood abuse and neglect. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2016;57(3):241\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcpp.12507.","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"3566_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-012-9215-y","volume":"7","author":"LM Baker","year":"2013","unstructured":"Baker LM, Williams LM, Korgaonkar MS, Cohen RA, Heaps JM, Paul RH. Impact of early vs. late childhood early life stress on brain morphometrics. Brain Imaging Behav. 2013;7(2):196\u2013203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11682-012-9215-y.","journal-title":"Brain Imaging Behav"},{"issue":"8","key":"3566_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0104185","volume":"9","author":"R Boecker","year":"2014","unstructured":"Boecker R, Holz NE, Buchmann AF, Blomeyer D, Plichta MM, Wolf I, et al. Impact of early life adversity on reward processing in young adults: EEG-fMRI results from a prospective study over 25 years. PLoS One. 2014;9(8):e104185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0104185.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"7","key":"3566_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2018.4493","volume":"1","author":"WE Copeland","year":"2018","unstructured":"Copeland WE, Shanahan L, Hinesley J, Chan RF, Aberg KA, Fairbank JA, et al. Association of Childhood Trauma Exposure with Adult Psychiatric Disorders and Functional Outcomes. JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(7):e184493. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2018.4493.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"3566_CR43","first-page":"147","volume":"39","author":"RS Lee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lee RS, Oswald LM, Wand GS. Early life stress as a predictor of co-occurring alcohol use disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. Alcohol Res. 2018;39(2):147\u201359.","journal-title":"Alcohol Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"3566_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbw055","volume":"43","author":"AM Isvoranu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Isvoranu AM, van Borkulo CD, Boyette LL, Wigman JTW, Vinkers CH, Borsboom D, et al. A network approach to psychosis: pathways between childhood trauma and psychotic symptoms. Schizophr Bull. 2017;43(1):187\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/schbul\/sbw055.","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"issue":"10","key":"3566_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(19)30286-X","volume":"6","author":"HP Hailes","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hailes HP, Yu R, Danese A, Fazel S. Long-term outcomes of childhood sexual abuse: an umbrella review. Lancet Psychiatry. 2019;6(10):830\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2215-0366(19)30286-X.","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"3566_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.432","volume":"6","author":"S Kristjansson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kristjansson S, McCutcheon VV, Agrawal A, et al. The variance shared across forms of childhood trauma is strongly associated with liability for psychiatric and substance use disorders. Brain Behav. 2016;6(2):e00432. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/brb3.432.","journal-title":"Brain Behav"},{"issue":"3","key":"3566_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003031","volume":"17","author":"LC Houtepen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Houtepen LC, Heron J, Suderman MJ, Fraser A, Chittleborough CR, Howe LD. Associations of adverse childhood experiences with educational attainment and adolescent health and the role of family and socioeconomic factors: a prospective cohort study in the UK. PLoS Med. 2020;17(3):e1003031. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003031.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"3566_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20250","volume":"20","author":"M Min","year":"2007","unstructured":"Min M, Farkas K, Minnes S, Singer LT. Impact of childhood abuse and neglect on substance abuse and psychological distress in adulthood. J Trauma Stress. 2007;20(5):833\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jts.20250.","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"issue":"2","key":"3566_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-7795.2010.00636.x","volume":"20","author":"SL Brown","year":"2010","unstructured":"Brown SL, Rinelli LN. Family structure, family processes, and adolescent smoking and drinking. J Res Adolesc. 2010;20(2):259\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1532-7795.2010.00636.x.","journal-title":"J Res Adolesc"},{"key":"3566_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.012","volume":"44","author":"BJ Zvara","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zvara BJ, Mills-Koonce WR. Appleyard Carmody K, cox M; family life project key investigators. Childhood sexual trauma and subsequent parenting beliefs and behaviors. Child Abuse Negl. 2015;44:87\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.01.012.","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"issue":"4","key":"3566_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckv243","volume":"26","author":"R Caleyachetty","year":"2016","unstructured":"Caleyachetty R, Khaw KT, Surtees PG, Wainwright NW, Wareham N, Griffin SJ. Cumulative social risk exposure in childhood and smoking and excessive alcohol use in adulthood. Eur J Pub Health. 2016;26(4):575\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurpub\/ckv243.","journal-title":"Eur J Pub Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"3566_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2008.00796.x","volume":"32","author":"EL Harrison","year":"2008","unstructured":"Harrison EL, Desai RA, McKee SA. Nondaily smoking and alcohol use, hazardous drinking, and alcohol diagnoses among young adults: findings from the NESARC. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2008;32(12):2081\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2008.00796.x.","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"3566_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S1054-139X(03)00350-1","volume":"35","author":"K Riala","year":"2004","unstructured":"Riala K, Hakko H, Isohanni M, J\u00e4rvelin MR, R\u00e4s\u00e4nen P. Teenage smoking and substance use as predictors of severe alcohol problems in late adolescence and in young adulthood. J Adolesc Health. 2004;35(3):245\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1054-139X(03)00350-1.","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"key":"3566_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2019.107704","volume":"205","author":"LH Chang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chang LH, Whitfield JB, Liu M, Medland SE, Hickie IB, Martin NG, et al. Associations between polygenic risk for tobacco and alcohol use and liability to tobacco and alcohol use, and psychiatric disorders in an independent sample of 13,999 Australian adults. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2019;205:107704. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2019.107704.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"6","key":"3566_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1080\/08870446.2019.1675660","volume":"35","author":"E Serra","year":"2020","unstructured":"Garcia OF, Serra E, Zacares JJ, Calafat A, Garcia F. Alcohol use and abuse and motivations for drinking and non-drinking among Spanish adolescents: do we know enough when we know parenting style? Psychol Health. 2020;35(6):645\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08870446.2019.1675660.","journal-title":"Psychol Health"},{"key":"3566_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2018.03.007","volume":"82","author":"N Zilberman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zilberman N, Yadid G, Efrati Y, Neumark Y, Rassovsky Y. Personality profiles of substance and behavioral addictions. Addict Behav. 2018;82:174\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2018.03.007.","journal-title":"Addict Behav"}],"container-title":["BMC Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12888-021-03566-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12888-021-03566-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12888-021-03566-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,10]],"date-time":"2021-11-10T09:05:05Z","timestamp":1636535105000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12888-021-03566-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,10]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3566"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-021-03566-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-244X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-244X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 March 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 October 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 November 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shandong Mental Health Center (2016R08). All of the methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests, neither financial nor non-financial.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"555"}}