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Olfactory sensitivity (OS) and olfactory identification (OI) were assessed using Sniffin\u2019 Sticks test, and serum TNF-\u03b1 levels were measured by ELISA. Clinical symptoms were evaluated with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, Young Mania Rating Scale, Hamilton anxiety scale, and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Social function was evaluated with the Global Assessment Function (GAF) scale. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Trail Making Test-A (TMT-A) and Digit Cancellation Test (DCT).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>OI and cognitive function scores and serum TNF-\u03b1 levels were significantly lower in the BD and SP patients compared with the HC participants. There was no significant difference between the BD and SP groups, and there were no significant differences in OS among the three groups. OI score was positively correlated with years of education in both the BD and SP groups. OI score in the SP group was negatively correlated with age and PANSS score, and positively correlated with GAF score. In the BD group, OS was positively correlated with DCT II and DCT III. In the SP group, OS and OI scores were positively correlated with DCT III, and negatively correlated with TMT-A time. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between TNF-\u03b1 and DCT II in the BD group. There was no significant linear correlation between olfactory function and TNF-\u03b1 in the BD or SP group.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>OI may be a trait marker for BD and SP. Some cognitive functions may be correlated not only with TNF-\u03b1 in BD patients in remission, but also with olfactory function in BD and SP patients in remission.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-023-05330-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,7]],"date-time":"2023-11-07T17:02:02Z","timestamp":1699376522000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Comparison of olfactory function, cognitive function and serum tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 between bipolar and schizophrenic patients in the remission stage"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Langjun","family":"Su","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xianlin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yingying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huiqian","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiping","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunyang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"5330_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbt049","volume":"40","author":"PJ Moberg","year":"2014","unstructured":"Moberg PJ, Kamath V, Marchetto DM, Calkins ME, Doty RL, Hahn CG, Borgmann-Winter KE, Kohler CG, Gur RE, Turetsky BI. 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All participants signed written informed consent after a full written and verbal explanation of the study. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"811"}}