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Research in high- and middle-income countries shows the cascading effect of parental history of child abuse and neglect on adolescents\u2019 maltreatment and, in turn, on mental health problems. This cascade has been reported in young children but has rarely been studied in parent-adolescent dyads or in low-income countries (LICs). The goal of this study was to test intergenerational associations of child abuse and neglect and to examine how these experiences are in turn associated with youth anxiety and depression in an LIC.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 231 adolescents (age: 13\u201321\u2009years) and 185 of their parents (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200990 fathers and <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200995 mothers) were recruited from secondary schools in Addis Abeba, Ethiopia. Using a cross-sectional design, participants completed a set of questionnaires assessing child maltreatment (in adolescence and own past history in parents), parental psychological distress, youth depression and anxiety, and sociodemographic factors.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The frequencies of child maltreatment exposure were 68% for adolescents and 65% for their parents (when they were a child). Fifty-one percent and 42% of adolescents had borderline to clinical levels of anxiety and depression symptoms, respectively. Adolescents of parents with a history of child abuse and neglect also reported higher exposure to maltreatment themselves (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Current paternal, but not maternal, psychological distress mediated this intergenerational association of maltreatment experiences (95% CI [1.164, 9.467]). We further found parents\u2019 psychological distress to be a significant moderator of the indirect pathways of the intergenerational effect of child maltreatment on adolescents\u2019 anxiety and depression (95% CI [\u2212\u20090.770, \u2212\u20090.012]).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We found child maltreatment to be intergenerationally associated, and this effect subsequently affected adolescents\u2019 anxiety and depression through different pathways supporting the cascading effects across generations. Intervention plans may be effective through an array of possible indirect pathways and encourage the implementation of multiple access points to facilitate change in the lives of affected youth in Africa.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-024-05586-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]],"date-time":"2024-02-15T13:02:06Z","timestamp":1708002126000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Intergenerational effects of child maltreatment on adolescents\u2019 anxiety and depression in Ethiopia: the important mediating and moderating roles of current psychological distress"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Amare Misganaw","family":"Mihret","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Heinrichs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"5586_CR1","volume-title":"Measuring and monitoring national prevalence of child maltreatment: a practical handbook","author":"F Meinck","year":"2016","unstructured":"Meinck F, Steinert JI, Sethi D, Gilbert R, Bellis MA, Mikton C, et al. 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