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However, studies using polysomnography and pure-tone audiometry (PTA) are limited. We aimed to assess the correlation between tinnitus and hearing, sleep quality, characteristics, and depression using polysomnography and PTA.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In this cross-sectional study, we divided participants into tinnitus and non-tinnitus groups. We included 100 outpatients (65 with tinnitus, 35 without) from a medical center in Taiwan, who underwent polysomnography and completed rating scales including the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Chinese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Chinese-Mandarin version of the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI-CM). We analyzed correlations, conducted group comparisons, assessed factors related to THI-CM scores, constructed ROC curves to predict depression in the tinnitus group, and performed multinomial and logistic regression to explore associations.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Descriptive statistics identified a cohort with mean age 53.9\u2009\u00b1\u200912.80 years, 63% exhibited PHQ-9 scores\u2009\u2265\u200910, and 66% had Apnea\u2013Hypopnea Index (AHI)\u2009&gt;\u20095. The ratio of rapid eye movement and deep sleep to stage 1\u2009+\u20092 sleep was relatively low and non-significant. Likewise, leg movements was higher in the tinnitus group but not statistically significant. In the tinnitus group, 63.08% had depression, and 81.54% had AHI\u2009&gt;\u20095. Univariate logistic regression linked tinnitus to AHI\u2009&gt;\u20095 (Odds ratio (OR) 2.67, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.026) and male sex (OR 2.49, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.034). A moderate positive correlation was found between the THI-CM score and PHQ-9 score (rs\u2009=\u20090.50, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Further adjustment for obstructive sleep apnea showed associations between PHQ-9 (total score) or depression and THI-CM Grade 3\u20135 (OR\u2009=\u20091.28; OR\u2009=\u20098.68). Single- and multifactor regression analyses highlighted significant associations of PSQI scores\u2009&gt;\u200913 (OR 7.06, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.018) and THI-CM scores\u2009&gt;\u200947 (OR 7.43, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002) with depression.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Our study recruited tinnitus participants with slight or mild hearing loss and mild tinnitus handicap. Depression was identified as a predominant factor in tinnitus-related handicap. The mild tinnitus handicap in tinnitus participants may explain the lack of significant differences in depression, sleep quality, and polysomnographic sleep characteristics between tinnitus and non-tinnitus groups. Further extensive and prospective studies are needed to elucidate the complex links among depression, sleep, and tinnitus.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-024-05912-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,19]],"date-time":"2024-06-19T10:04:14Z","timestamp":1718791454000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Exploring the interplay of depression, sleep quality, and hearing in tinnitus-related handicap: insights from polysomnography and pure-tone audiometry"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Ting-Gang","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Ting","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiann-Yi","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting-Ting","family":"Yen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"5912_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2022.2189","volume":"79","author":"CM Jarach","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jarach CM, Lugo A, Scala M, van den Brandt PA, Cederroth CR, Odone A, Garavello W, Schlee W, Langguth B, Gallus S. 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