{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T09:11:57Z","timestamp":1792228317321,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":113,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,28]],"date-time":"2024-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727481600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,28]],"date-time":"2024-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021771","name":"Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["grant number: 71908"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant number: 71908"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021771","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disabling disease of the central nervous system. People living with MS often have co-existing sleep disorders and cognitive dysfunction. The objective of this study was to scrutinize the relationship between cognitive outcomes and sleep conditions in MS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study followed the Joanna Briggs Institute\u2019s (JBI) and PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched and original studies delineating the relationship between sleep status and cognitive findings in MS patients\u200c were included. The risk of bias was assessed using the JBI critical appraisal tools.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the final review, out of 1635 screened records, 35 studies with 5321 participants were included. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and polysomnography were the most common assessment tools for evaluation of sleep condition, and cognitive evaluations were conducted using the tests including\u00a0Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT), California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT), Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) and Brief Visuospatial Memory Test (BVMT). Assessing the quality of studies showed no significant bias in most of the included articles. A link between sleep condition and cognitive abilities was suggested in the literature, especially with objective measurement of sleep condition; however, current evidence did not support a substantial association between self-reported sleep quality and processing speed and working memory in patients with MS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Evidence proposes sleep is an independent factor associated with cognitive outcomes in MS. Given the limitations of the evidence such as the lack of well-designed prospective studies, these findings need to be interpreted with caution.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-024-06103-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,28]],"date-time":"2024-09-28T05:01:36Z","timestamp":1727499696000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Sleep and cognitive outcomes in multiple sclerosis; a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3351-3875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Behnam","family":"Golabi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5904-1691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hadis","family":"Razmaray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2623-226X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sepideh","family":"Seyedi-Sahebari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3242-9082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heliya","family":"Bandehagh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3046-9753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zahra","family":"Hakimzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8930-6152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ailin","family":"Khosroshahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3560-2308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyedehyasmin","family":"Moghaddamziabari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5614-832X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Negar","family":"Aghaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2325-5631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarvin","family":"Sanaie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7613-3913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahnaz","family":"Talebi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amirreza","family":"Naseri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"6103_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.26858","volume":"325","author":"MP McGinley","year":"2021","unstructured":"McGinley MP, Goldschmidt CH, Rae-Grant AD. Diagnosis and treatment of multiple sclerosis: a review. JAMA. 2021;325(8):765\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2020.26858.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"14","key":"6103_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458520970841","volume":"26","author":"C Walton","year":"2020","unstructured":"Walton C, King R, Rechtman L, Kaye W, Leray E, Marrie RA, et al. Rising prevalence of multiple sclerosis worldwide: insights from the Atlas of MS, third edition. Mult Scler. 2020;26(14):1816\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1352458520970841.","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"issue":"2","key":"6103_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30470-2","volume":"17","author":"AJ Thompson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Thompson AJ, Banwell BL, Barkhof F, Carroll WM, Coetzee T, Comi G, et al. Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2017 revisions of the McDonald criteria. Lancet Neurol. 2018;17(2):162\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30470-2.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"6103_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458517751861","volume":"24","author":"WM Carroll","year":"2018","unstructured":"Carroll WM. 2017 McDonald MS diagnostic criteria: evidence-based revisions. Mult Scler J. 2018;24(2):92\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1352458517751861.","journal-title":"Mult Scler J"},{"issue":"1","key":"6103_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e24 e","DOI":"10.34172\/ijdrc.2023.e24","volume":"1","author":"F Tahmasbi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tahmasbi F, Salehi-Pourmehr H, Hajebrahimi S, Soleimanzadeh F. Effects of tibial nerve electrical stimulation on bowel dysfunction in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review. Int J Drug Res Clin. 2023;1(1):e24 e. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34172\/ijdrc.2023.e24.","journal-title":"Int J Drug Res Clin"},{"issue":"2","key":"6103_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.5152\/tud.2023.22241","volume":"49","author":"F Tahmasbi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tahmasbi F, Hosseini S, Hajebrahimi S, Heris RM, Salehi-Pourmehr H. Efficacy of tibial nerve stimulation in neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction among patients with multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Urol Res Pract. 2023;49(2):100\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5152\/tud.2023.22241.","journal-title":"Urol Res Pract"},{"issue":"18","key":"6103_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2249","DOI":"10.1080\/14656566.2020.1757649","volume":"21","author":"CG Chisari","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chisari CG, Sgarlata E, Arena S, D\u2019Amico E, Toscano S, Patti F. An update on the pharmacological management of pain in patients with multiple sclerosis. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2020;21(18):2249\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14656566.2020.1757649.","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"key":"6103_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurol.2023.07.017","author":"H Abbasi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Abbasi H, Shakouri F, Mosaddeghi-Heris R, Gholipour-Khalili E, Jahanshahlou F, Sanaie S, et al. Mediterranean-like diets in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review. Rev Neurol. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurol.2023.07.017.","journal-title":"Rev Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"6103_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000200164","volume":"10","author":"AM Langer-Gould","year":"2023","unstructured":"Langer-Gould AM, Smith JB, Gonzales EG, Piehl F, Li BH. Multiple sclerosis, disease-modifying therapies, and infections. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflammation. 2023;10(6): e200164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/NXI.0000000000200164.","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"1295770","key":"6103_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2024.1295770","volume":"15","author":"X Wu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wu X, Wang S, Xue T, Tan X, Li J, Chen Z, et al. Disease-modifying therapy in progressive multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Neurol. 2024;15(1295770): 1295770. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2024.1295770.","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"6103_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"FNL70","DOI":"10.2217\/fnl-2023-0009","volume":"18","author":"C Drudge","year":"2023","unstructured":"Drudge C, Samjoo IA, Brennan R, Badgujar L, Khurana V, Tiwari S, et al. An overview of reviews with network meta-analyses comparing disease-modifying therapies for relapsing multiple sclerosis. Future Neurol. 2023;18(3):FNL70. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2217\/fnl-2023-0009.","journal-title":"Future Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"6103_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12030783","volume":"12","author":"J Feige","year":"2020","unstructured":"Feige J, Moser T, Bieler L, Schwenker K, Hauer L, Sellner J. Vitamin D supplementation in multiple sclerosis: a critical analysis of potentials and threats. Nutrients. 2020;12(3): 783. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu12030783.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"6103_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tryfonos C, Mantzorou M, Fotiou D, Vrizas M, Vadikolias K, Pavlidou E, et al. Dietary supplements on controlling multiple sclerosis symptoms and relapses: current clinical evidence and future perspectives. Med (Basel). 2019;6(3). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicines6030095.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicines6030095"},{"issue":"12","key":"6103_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2020.05.049","volume":"133","author":"SL Hauser","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hauser SL, Cree BAC. Treatment of multiple sclerosis: a review. Am J Med. 2020;133(12):1380-90.e2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjmed.2020.05.049.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"6103_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2016-315238","volume":"88","author":"HMB Lunde","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lunde HMB, Assmus J, Myhr KM, B\u00f8 L, Grytten N. Survival and cause of death in multiple sclerosis: a 60-year longitudinal population study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2017;88(8):621\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp-2016-315238.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"6103_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-015-0546-0","volume":"15","author":"C Veauthier","year":"2015","unstructured":"Veauthier C. Sleep disorders in multiple sclerosis. Review. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2015;15(5):21. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11910-015-0546-0.","journal-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"6103_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2022-330123","volume":"94","author":"T \u00c5kerstedt","year":"2023","unstructured":"\u00c5kerstedt T, Olsson T, Alfredsson L, Hedstr\u00f6m AK. Insufficient sleep during adolescence and risk of multiple sclerosis: results from a Swedish case-control study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2023;94(5):331\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp-2022-330123.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"6103_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.18502\/cjn.v21i2.10489","volume":"21","author":"M Yazdchi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yazdchi M, Khanalizadeh R, Nasiri E, Naseri A, Talebi M, Talebi M. Sleep status in multiple sclerosis: role of vitamin D and body mass index. Curr J Neurol. 2022;21(2):66\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18502\/cjn.v21i2.10489.","journal-title":"Curr J Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6103_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nrl.2021.03.012","volume":"39","author":"GX Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang GX, Zhang WT, Gao SS, Zhao RZ, Yu WJ, Izquierdo G. Sleep disorders in patients with multiple sclerosis in Spain. Neurolog\u00eda. 2024;39(1):29\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nrl.2021.03.012.","journal-title":"Neurolog\u00eda"},{"key":"6103_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101016jjns20231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.121871","volume":"455","author":"A Moradi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Moradi A, Ebrahimian A, Naseri A, Talebi M. Multiple sclerosis patients has lower sleep quality; a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurol Sci. 2023;455:101016jjns2023121871.","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"6103_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2023.101842","volume":"72","author":"X Zeng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zeng X, Dorstyn DS, Edwards G, Kneebone I. The prevalence of insomnia in multiple sclerosis: a meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev. 2023;72: 101842. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.smrv.2023.101842.","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"6103_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.4702","volume":"11","author":"Z \u010carnick\u00e1","year":"2015","unstructured":"\u010carnick\u00e1 Z, Koll\u00e1r B, \u0160iarnik P, Kr\u00ed\u017eov\u00e1 L, Klobu\u010dn\u00edkov\u00e1 K, Tur\u010d\u00e1ni P. Sleep disorders in patients with multiple sclerosis. J Clin Sleep Med. 2015;11(5):553\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5664\/jcsm.4702.","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"6103_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.10304","volume":"19","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Ren R, Yang L, Zhang H, Shi Y, Vitiello MV, et al. Sleep in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of polysomnographic findings. J Clin Sleep Med. 2023;19(2):253\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5664\/jcsm.10304.","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"6103_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104334","volume":"71","author":"S Mnif","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mnif S, Saoussen D, Nadia B, Nouha F, Sonda MK, Salma S, et al. Sleep disorders in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients. Mult Scler Relat Disorders. 2023;71: 104334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104334.","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disorders"},{"issue":"6","key":"6103_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.0000000000004977","volume":"90","author":"JF Sumowski","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sumowski JF, Benedict R, Enzinger C, Filippi M, Geurts JJ, Hamalainen P, et al. Cognition in multiple sclerosis: state of the field and priorities for the future. Neurology. 2018;90(6):278\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/wnl.0000000000004977.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"6103_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.3390\/neurosci3040048","volume":"3","author":"E Portaccio","year":"2022","unstructured":"Portaccio E, Amato MP. Cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis: an update on assessment and management. NeuroSci. 2022;3(4):667\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/neurosci3040048.","journal-title":"NeuroSci"},{"issue":"1","key":"6103_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/s41983-022-00485-7","volume":"58","author":"M Talebi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Talebi M, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Talebi M, Naseri A, Zafarani F. Predominant domains and associated demographic and clinical characteristics in multiple sclerosis-related cognitive impairment in mildly disabled patients. Egypt J Neurol Psychiatry Neurosurg. 2022;58(1):48. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41983-022-00485-7.","journal-title":"Egypt J Neurol Psychiatry Neurosurg"},{"key":"6103_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102919","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2021.102919","volume":"51","author":"J Podda","year":"2021","unstructured":"Podda J, Ponzio M, Pedull\u00e0 L, Monti Bragadin M, Battaglia MA, Zaratin P, et al. Predominant cognitive phenotypes in multiple sclerosis: insights from patient-centered outcomes. Multiple Scler Relat Disorders. 2021;51:102919. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2021.102919.","journal-title":"Multiple Scler Relat Disorders"},{"key":"6103_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-024-09640-8","author":"W Wu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wu W, Francis H, Lucien A, Wheeler T-A, Gandy M. The prevalence of cognitive impairment in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuropsychol Rev. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11065-024-09640-8.","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Rev"},{"key":"6103_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104799","volume":"140","author":"M Dastgheib","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dastgheib M, Kulanayagam A, Dringenberg HC. Is the role of sleep in memory consolidation overrated? Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2022;140: 104799. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104799.","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"6103_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1111\/lang.12544","volume":"73","author":"M Belia","year":"2023","unstructured":"Belia M, Keren-Portnoy T, Vihman M. Systematic review of the effects of sleep on memory and word learning in infancy. Lang Learn. 2023;73(2):613\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/lang.12544.","journal-title":"Lang Learn"},{"issue":"11","key":"6103_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000348","volume":"147","author":"CR Newbury","year":"2021","unstructured":"Newbury CR, Crowley R, Rastle K, Tamminen J. Sleep deprivation and memory: meta-analytic reviews of studies on sleep deprivation before and after learning. Psychol Bull. 2021;147(11):1215\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/bul0000348.","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"issue":"1","key":"6103_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2020.28","volume":"63","author":"B Helfer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Helfer B, Bozhilova N, Cooper RE, Douzenis JI, Maltezos S, Asherson P. The key role of daytime sleepiness in cognitive functioning of adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Eur Psychiatry. 2020;63(1): e31. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2020.28.","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry."},{"issue":"4","key":"6103_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.11014","volume":"20","author":"R Rosenberg","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rosenberg R, Thorpy MJ, Doghramji K, Morse AM. Brain fog in central disorders of hypersomnolence: a review. J Clin Sleep Med. 2024;20(4):643\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5664\/jcsm.11014.","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"6103_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-018-0809-7","volume":"18","author":"AJ Hughes","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hughes AJ, Dunn KM, Chaffee T. Sleep disturbance and cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2018;18(1):2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11910-018-0809-7.","journal-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep"},{"key":"6103_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Aromataris E MZE. JBI manual for evidence synthesis. 2020. Available from https:\/\/doi.org\/10.46658\/JBIMES-20-01.","DOI":"10.46658\/JBIMES-20-01"},{"issue":"71","key":"6103_CR37","first-page":"pp. 10.1136\/bmj","volume":"372","author":"MJ Page","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372(71):10.1136\/bmj.n71.","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"6103_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5;10.1186\/s1364","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-016-0384-4","volume":"5","author":"M Ouzzani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ouzzani M, Hammady H, Fedorowicz Z, Elmagarmid A. Rayyan\u2014a web and mobile app for systematic reviews. Systematic Reviews. 2016;5:5;10.1186\/s13643-016-0384\u20134.","journal-title":"Systematic Reviews."},{"key":"6103_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Moola S, Munn Z, Tufanaru C, Aromataris E, Sears K, Sfetcu R, Currie M, Lisy K, Qureshi R, Mattis P, Mu P. Systematic reviews of etiology and risk (2020). Aromataris E, Lockwood C, Porritt K, Pilla B, Jordan Z, editors. JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis. JBI; 2024. Available from: https:\/\/synthesismanual.jbi.global. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.46658\/JBIMES-24-06.","DOI":"10.46658\/JBIMES-24-06"},{"issue":"MAY","key":"6103_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00265","volume":"10","author":"DS Bahmani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bahmani DS, Kesselring J, Papadimitriou M, Bansi J, P\u00fchse U, Gerber M, et al. In patients with multiple sclerosis, both objective and subjective sleep, depression, fatigue, and paresthesia improved after 3 weeks of regular exercise. Front Psychiatry. 2019;10(MAY):265. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00265.","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"6103_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2019.04.011","volume":"32","author":"M Hu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hu M, Muhlert N, Robertson N, Winter M. Perceived fatigue and cognitive performance change in multiple sclerosis: uncovering predictors beyond baseline fatigue. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2019;32:46\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2019.04.011.","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"issue":"6","key":"6103_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1080\/13803390802484789","volume":"31","author":"JM Bruce","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bruce JM, Arnett P. Clinical correlates of generalized worry in multiple sclerosis. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2009;31(6):698\u2013705. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13803390802484789.","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Neuropsychol."},{"key":"6103_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.10.112","volume":"27","author":"EK Cehelyk","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cehelyk EK, Harvey DY, Grubb ML, Jalel R, El-Sibai MS, Markowitz CE, et al. Uncovering the association between fatigue and fatigability in multiple sclerosis using cognitive control. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2019;27:269\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2018.10.112.","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"6103_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-017-0896-0","volume":"17","author":"V Jain","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jain V, Arunkumar A, Kingdon C, Lacerda E, Nacul L. Prevalence of and risk factors for severe cognitive and sleep symptoms in ME\/CFS and MS. BMC Neurol. 2017;17(1):117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12883-017-0896-0.","journal-title":"BMC Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"6103_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-019-01157-x","volume":"40","author":"R Turkoglu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Turkoglu R, Benbir G, Ozyurt S, Arsoy E, Akbayir E, Turan S, et al. Sleep disturbance and cognitive decline in multiple sclerosis patients with isolated optic neuritis as the first demyelinating event. International Ophthalmology. 2020;40(1):151\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10792-019-01157-x.","journal-title":"International Ophthalmology."},{"issue":"6","key":"6103_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-2237","volume":"49","author":"AEW Hoogerwerf","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hoogerwerf AEW, Bol Y, Lobbestael J, Hupperts R, van Heugten CM. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for severely fatigued multiple sclerosis patients: a waiting list controlled study. J Rehabil Med. 2017;49(6):497\u2013504. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2340\/16501977-2237.","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"},{"issue":"MAY","key":"6103_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00182","volume":"9","author":"DS Bahmani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bahmani DS, Esmaeili L, Shaygannejad V, Gerber M, Kesselring J, Lang UE, et al. Stability of mental toughness, sleep disturbances, and physical activity in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS)-A longitudinal and pilot study. Front Psychiatry. 2018;9(MAY):182. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00182.","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"6103_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852900022744","volume":"10","author":"PA Arnett","year":"2005","unstructured":"Arnett PA. Longitudinal consistency of the relationship between depression symptoms and cognitive functioning in multiple sclerosis. CNS Spectr. 2005;10(5):372 \u2013\u200982;10.1017\/S1092852900022744.","journal-title":"CNS Spectr"},{"issue":"205521731668277","key":"6103_CR49","first-page":"pp. 10.1177\/205","volume":"2","author":"M Aldughmi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Aldughmi M, Huisinga J, Lynch SG, Siengsukon CF. The relationship between fatigability and sleep quality in people with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler J Exp Transl Clin. 2016;2(2055217316682774):10.1177\/2055217316682774.","journal-title":"Mult Scler J Exp Transl Clin."},{"issue":"7","key":"6103_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.2019.1662271","volume":"131","author":"P Aristotelous","year":"2019","unstructured":"Aristotelous P, Stefanakis M, Pantzaris M, Pattichis C, Hadjigeorgiou GM, Giannaki CD. Associations between functional capacity, isokinetic leg strength, sleep quality and cognitive function in multiple sclerosis patients: a cross-sectional study. Postgrad Med. 2019;131(7):453\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00325481.2019.1662271.","journal-title":"Postgrad Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"6103_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1037\/rep0000045","volume":"60","author":"M Beier","year":"2015","unstructured":"Beier M, Amtmann D, Ehde DM. Beyond depression: predictors of self-reported cognitive function in adults living with MS. Rehabil Psychol. 2015;60(3):254.","journal-title":"Rehabil Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6103_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acy014","volume":"34","author":"JA Berard","year":"2019","unstructured":"Berard JA, Smith AM, Walker LAS. Predictive models of cognitive fatigue in multiple sclerosis. Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2019;34(1):31\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/arclin\/acy014.","journal-title":"Arch Clin Neuropsychol."},{"issue":"8","key":"6103_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.6012","volume":"39","author":"TJ Braley","year":"2016","unstructured":"Braley TJ, Kratz AL, Kaplish N, Chervin RD. Sleep and cognitive function in multiple sclerosis. Sleep. 2016;39(8):1525\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5665\/sleep.6012.","journal-title":"Sleep."},{"issue":"3","key":"6103_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585221144215","volume":"29","author":"TJ Braley","year":"2023","unstructured":"Braley TJ, Shieu MM, Zaheed AB, Dunietz GL. Pathways between multiple sclerosis, sleep disorders, and cognitive function: Longitudinal findings from The Nurses\u2019 Health Study. Mult Scler. 2023;29(3):436\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/13524585221144215.","journal-title":"Mult Scler."},{"issue":"102176","key":"6103_CR55","first-page":"pp. 10.1016\/j.m","volume":"43","author":"KLJ Cederberg","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cederberg KLJ, Jeng B, Sasaki JE, Motl RW. Restless legs syndrome, sleep quality, and perceived cognitive impairment in adults with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2020;43(102176):10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102176.","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord."},{"issue":"4","key":"6103_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.7224\/1537-2073.2020-120","volume":"24","author":"KLJ Cederberg","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cederberg KLJ, Mathison B, Schuetz ML, Motl RW. Restless legs syndrome severity and cognitive function in adults with multiple sclerosis: an exploratory pilot study. Int J MS Care. 2022;24(4):154\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7224\/1537-2073.2020-120.","journal-title":"Int J MS Care."},{"issue":"1049686","key":"6103_CR57","first-page":"pp. 10.3389\/fme","volume":"9","author":"MH Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen MH, Cherian C, Elenjickal K, Rafizadeh CM, Ross MK, Leow A, et al. Real-time associations among MS symptoms and cognitive dysfunction using ecological momentary assessment. Front Med (Lausanne). 2022;9(1049686):10.3389\/fmed.2022.1049686.","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"6103_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.05.016","volume":"24","author":"SA Chinnadurai","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chinnadurai SA, Gandhirajan D, Pamidimukala V, Kesavamurthy B, Venkatesan SA. Analysing the relationship between polysomnographic measures of sleep with measures of physical and cognitive fatigue in people with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2018;24:32\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2018.05.016.","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"6103_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E23","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.0000000000012120","volume":"97","author":"AL Dubessy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dubessy AL, du Montcel ST, Viala F, Assouad R, Tiberge M, Papeix C, et al. Association of central hypersomnia and fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis a polysomnographic study. Neurology. 2021;97(1):E23\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/wnl.0000000000012120.","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"issue":"3","key":"6103_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1080\/15402002.2017.1342167","volume":"17","author":"CJ Hare","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hare CJ, Crangle CJ, Carney CE, Hart T. Insomnia symptoms. Subjective appraisals, and fatigue: a multiple mediation model. Behav Sleep Med. 2019;17(3):269\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15402002.2017.1342167.","journal-title":"Behav Sleep Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"6103_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12490","volume":"26","author":"AJ Hughes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hughes AJ, Parmenter BA, Haselkorn JK, Lovera JF, Bourdette D, Boudreau E, et al. Sleep and its associations with perceived and objective cognitive impairment in individuals with multiple sclerosis. J Sleep Res. 2017;26(4):428\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jsr.12490.","journal-title":"J Sleep Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"6103_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1080\/15402002.2016.1173553","volume":"16","author":"AJ Hughes","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hughes AJ, Turner AP, Alschuler KN, Atkins DC, Beier M, Amtmann D, et al. Association between sleep problems and perceived cognitive dysfunction over 12 months in individuals with multiple sclerosis. Behav Sleep Med. 2018;16(1):79\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15402002.2016.1173553.","journal-title":"Behav Sleep Med"},{"key":"6103_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.07.019","volume":"25","author":"DA Lamis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lamis DA, Hirsch JK, Pugh KC, Topciu R, Nsamenang SA, Goodman A, et al. Perceived cognitive deficits and depressive symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis: perceived stress and sleep quality as mediators. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2018;25:150\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2018.07.019.","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"key":"6103_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Laslett LL, Honan C, Turner JA, Dagnew B, Campbell JA, Gill TK et al. Poor sleep and multiple sclerosis: associations with symptoms of multiple sclerosis and quality of life. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2022.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp-2022-329227.","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2022-329227"},{"issue":"4","key":"6103_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458512457719","volume":"19","author":"P Lehmann","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lehmann P, Eling P, Kastrup A, Grothues O, Hildebrandt H. Self-reported sleep problems, but not fatigue, lead to decline in sustained attention in MS patients. Mult Scler. 2013;19(4):490\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1352458512457719.","journal-title":"Mult Scler."},{"key":"6103_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2021.103316","volume":"56","author":"L Mackay","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mackay L, Johnson AM, Moodie ST, Rosehart H, Morrow SA. Predictors of cognitive fatigue and fatigability in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2021;56:103316.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2021.103316.","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"6103_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.13159","volume":"30","author":"N McNicholas","year":"2021","unstructured":"McNicholas N, Russell A, Nolan G, Tubridy N, Hutchinson M, Garvey JF, et al. Impact of obstructive sleep apnoea on cognitive function in multiple sclerosis: a longitudinal study. J Sleep Res. 2021;30(3): e13159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jsr.13159.","journal-title":"J Sleep Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"6103_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.36740\/WLek202102115","volume":"74","author":"TA Odintsova","year":"2021","unstructured":"Odintsova TA, Kopchak OO. Sleep disorders in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients. Wiad Lek. 2021;74(2):257\u20136233813482.","journal-title":"Wiad Lek"},{"issue":"104588","key":"6103_CR69","first-page":"pp. 10.1016\/j.m","volume":"71","author":"BL Opelt","year":"2023","unstructured":"Opelt BL, Lewis C, Hughes AJ. Discrepancies between self-report and objective sleep outcomes are associated with cognitive impairment and fatigue in people with multiple sclerosis and insomnia. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2023;71(104588):10.1016\/j.msard.2023.104588.","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord."},{"issue":"4","key":"6103_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1097\/mrr.0000000000000428","volume":"43","author":"C Ozkul","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ozkul C, Guclu-Gunduz A, Eldemir K, Apaydin Y, Yazici G, Irkec C. Clinical features and physical performance in multiple sclerosis patients with and without cognitive impairment: a cross-sectional study. Int J Rehabil Res. 2020;43(4):316\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/mrr.0000000000000428.","journal-title":"Int J Rehabil Res."},{"key":"6103_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2016.11.012","volume":"11","author":"VP Patel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Patel VP, Walker LA, Feinstein A. Processing speed and distractibility in multiple sclerosis: the role of sleep. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2017;11:40\u20132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2016.11.012.","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"issue":"103936","key":"6103_CR72","first-page":"pp. 10.1016\/j.m","volume":"64","author":"GC Riccitelli","year":"2022","unstructured":"Riccitelli GC, Pacifico D, Manconi M, Sparasci D, Sacco R, Gobbi C, et al. Relationship between cognitive disturbances and sleep disorders in multiple sclerosis is modulated by psychiatric symptoms. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2022;64(103936):10.1016\/j.msard.2022.103936.","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord."},{"issue":"205521731557782","key":"6103_CR73","first-page":"pp. 10.1177\/205","volume":"1","author":"RA Sater","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sater RA, Gudesblatt M, Kresa-Reahl K, Brandes DW, Sater PA. The relationship between objective parameters of sleep and measures of fatigue, depression, and cognition in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler J Exp Transl Clin. 2015;1(2055217315577828):10.1177\/2055217315577828.","journal-title":"Mult Scler J Exp Transl Clin."},{"key":"6103_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Schellaert V, Labauge P, Lebrun C, Maudarbocus KH, Bernard J, Blache JB et al. Psychological processes associated with insomnia in patients with multiple sclerosis. Sleep. 2018;41(3). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/sleep\/zsy002","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsy002"},{"issue":"3","key":"6103_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-014-0804-7","volume":"24","author":"S Shahrbanian","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shahrbanian S, Duquette P, Kuspinar A, Mayo NE. Contribution of symptom clusters to multiple sclerosis consequences. Qual Life Res. 2015;24(3):617\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11136-014-0804-7.","journal-title":"Qual Life Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"6103_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2017.04.011","volume":"11","author":"CF Siengsukon","year":"2018","unstructured":"Siengsukon CF, Aldughmi M, Kahya M, Lynch S, Bruce J, Glusman M, et al. Individuals with mild MS with poor sleep quality have impaired visuospatial memory and lower perceived functional abilities. Disabil Health J. 2018;11(1):116\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dhjo.2017.04.011.","journal-title":"Disabil Health J."},{"issue":"4","key":"6103_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205521731881592","DOI":"10.1177\/2055217318815924","volume":"4","author":"CF Siengsukon","year":"2018","unstructured":"Siengsukon CF, Alshehri M, Aldughmi M. Self-report sleep quality combined with sleep time variability distinguishes differences in fatigue, anxiety, and depression in individuals with multiple sclerosis: a secondary analysis. Mult Scler J Exp Transl Clin. 2018;4(4):2055217318815924. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2055217318815924.","journal-title":"Mult Scler J Exp Transl Clin"},{"issue":"6","key":"6103_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.51262","volume":"8","author":"JF Sumowski","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sumowski JF, Horng S, Brandstadter R, Krieger S, Leavitt VM, Sand IK, et al. Sleep disturbance and memory dysfunction in early multiple sclerosis. Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology. 2021;8(6):1172\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acn3.51262.","journal-title":"Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology."},{"issue":"1","key":"6103_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-016-8318-6","volume":"264","author":"Q van Geest","year":"2017","unstructured":"van Geest Q, Westerik B, van der Werf YD, Geurts JJ, Hulst HE. The role of sleep on cognition and functional connectivity in patients with multiple sclerosis. J Neurol. 2017;264(1):72\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-016-8318-6.","journal-title":"J Neurol."},{"issue":"7","key":"6103_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585231169465","volume":"29","author":"TR Valentine","year":"2023","unstructured":"Valentine TR, Kratz AL, Kaplish N, Chervin RD, Braley TJ. Sleep-disordered breathing and neurocognitive function in multiple sclerosis: differential associations across cognitive domains. Mult Scler. 2023;29(7):832 \u2013\u200945;10.1177\/13524585231169465.","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"issue":"103271","key":"6103_CR81","first-page":"pp. 10.1016\/j.m","volume":"56","author":"D Whibley","year":"2021","unstructured":"Whibley D, Goldstein C, Kratz AL, Braley TJ. A multidimensional approach to sleep health in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2021;56(103271):10.1016\/j.msard.2021.103271.","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord."},{"issue":"378","key":"6103_CR82","first-page":"pp. 10.3389\/fnh","volume":"12","author":"G Borrag\u00e1n","year":"2018","unstructured":"Borrag\u00e1n G, Gilson M, Atas A, Slama H, Lysandropoulos A, De Schepper M, et al. Cognitive fatigue, sleep and cortical activity in multiple sclerosis disease. a behavioral, polysomnographic and functional near-infrared spectroscopy investigation. Front Hum Neurosci. 2018;12(378):10.3389\/fnhum.2018.00378.","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci."},{"key":"6103_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Terauchi T, Mizuno M, Suzuki M, Akasaka H, Maeta M, Tamura K, Hosokawa K, Nishijima T, Maeda T. Clinical features of sleep apnea syndrome and cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2024;82:105407. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2023.105407. Epub 2023 Dec 23.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2023.105407"},{"issue":"2","key":"6103_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(89)90047-4","volume":"28","author":"DJ Buysse","year":"1989","unstructured":"Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF 3, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res. 1989;28(2):193\u2013213 10.1016\/0165\u20131781(89)90047-4.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"103432","key":"6103_CR85","first-page":"pp. 10.1016\/j.m","volume":"57","author":"A Naseri","year":"2022","unstructured":"Naseri A, Forghani N, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Shanehbandi D, Asadi M, Nasiri E, et al. Circulatory antioxidant and oxidative stress markers are in correlation with demographics but not cognitive functions in multiple sclerosis patients. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2022;57(103432):10.1016\/j.msard.2021.103432.","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord."},{"issue":"6","key":"6103_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/14.6.540","volume":"14","author":"MW Johns","year":"1991","unstructured":"Johns MW. A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth sleepiness scale. Sleep. 1991;14(6):540\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/sleep\/14.6.540.","journal-title":"Sleep."},{"key":"6103_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/b978-0-444-64032-1.00025-4","volume":"160","author":"JV Rundo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rundo JV, Downey R 3rd. Polysomnography. Handb Clin Neurol. 2019;160:381\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/b978-0-444-64032-1.00025-4.","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"6103_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2007.10.008","volume":"36","author":"AM Berger","year":"2008","unstructured":"Berger AM, Wielgus KK, Young-McCaughan S, Fischer P, Farr L, Lee KA. Methodological challenges when using actigraphy in research. J Pain Symptom Manag. 2008;36(2):191\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2007.10.008.","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manag"},{"issue":"6","key":"6103_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-020-01509-w","volume":"120","author":"EC Rosca","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rosca EC, Simu M. Montreal cognitive assessment for evaluating cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review. Acta Neurol Belg. 2020;120(6):1307\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13760-020-01509-w.","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Belg."},{"issue":"11","key":"6103_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"zsac176","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsac176","volume":"45","author":"JL Zhao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhao JL, Cross N, Yao CW, Carrier J, Postuma RB, Gosselin N, et al. Insomnia disorder increases the risk of subjective memory decline in middle-aged and older adults: a longitudinal analysis of the Canadian longitudinal study on aging. Sleep. 2022;45(11):zsac176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/sleep\/zsac176.","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"1","key":"6103_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-023-01191-z","volume":"15","author":"KY Kim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kim KY, Kim EH, Lee M, Ha J, Jung I, Kim E. Restless leg syndrome and risk of all-cause dementia: a nationwide retrospective cohort study. Alzheimer\u2019s Research and Therapy. 2023;15(1):46. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13195-023-01191-z.","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Research and Therapy."},{"issue":"1194212","key":"6103_CR92","first-page":"pp. 10.3389\/fne","volume":"14","author":"S Aljarallah","year":"2023","unstructured":"Aljarallah S, Alkhawajah N, Aldosari O, Alhuqbani M, Alqifari F, Alkhuwaitir B, et al. Restless leg syndrome in multiple sclerosis: a case-control study. Front Neurol. 2023;14(1194212):10.3389\/fneur.2023.1194212.","journal-title":"Front Neurol."},{"issue":"4","key":"6103_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101133","volume":"14","author":"KLJ Cederberg","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cederberg KLJ, Jeng B, Sasaki JE, Sikes EM, Cutter G, Motl RW. Physical activity and self-reported sleep quality in adults with multiple sclerosis. Disabil Health J. 2021;14(4): 101133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101133.","journal-title":"Disabil Health J"},{"issue":"4","key":"6103_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.13820","volume":"32","author":"S Selbaek-Tungev\u00e5g","year":"2023","unstructured":"Selbaek-Tungev\u00e5g S, Selbaek G, Strand BH, Myrstad C, Livingston G, Lydersen S, et al. Insomnia and risk of dementia in a large population-based study with 11-year follow-up: the HUNT study. J Sleep Res. 2023;32(4): e13820. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jsr.13820.","journal-title":"J Sleep Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"6103_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2013.269","volume":"10","author":"YE Ju","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ju YE, Lucey BP, Holtzman DM. Sleep and Alzheimer disease pathology\u2013a bidirectional relationship. Nat Rev Neurol. 2014;10(2):115\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrneurol.2013.269.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol."},{"issue":"2","key":"6103_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.9758\/cpn.2017.15.2.89","volume":"15","author":"DW Kang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kang DW, Lee CU, Lim HK. Role of sleep disturbance in the trajectory of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci. 2017;15(2):89\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.9758\/cpn.2017.15.2.89.","journal-title":"Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"6103_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.slsci.2015.02.001","volume":"8","author":"RA da Silva","year":"2015","unstructured":"da Silva RA. Sleep disturbances and mild cognitive impairment: a review. Sleep Sci. 2015;8(1):36\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.slsci.2015.02.001.","journal-title":"Sleep Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"6103_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2012.06.022","volume":"48","author":"B Zhu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhu B, Dong Y, Xu Z, Gompf HS, Ward SA, Xue Z, et al. Sleep disturbance induces neuroinflammation and impairment of learning and memory. Neurobiol Dis. 2012;48(3):348\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nbd.2012.06.022.","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis."},{"issue":"7","key":"6103_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.2802","volume":"36","author":"AS Lim","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lim AS, Kowgier M, Yu L, Buchman AS, Bennett DA. Sleep fragmentation and the risk of incident Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and cognitive decline in older persons. Sleep. 2013;36(7):1027\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5665\/sleep.2802.","journal-title":"Sleep."},{"issue":"78","key":"6103_CR100","first-page":"pp. 10.3389\/fna","volume":"8","author":"F Emamian","year":"2016","unstructured":"Emamian F, Khazaie H, Tahmasian M, Leschziner GD, Morrell MJ, Hsiung GY, et al. The association between obstructive sleep apnea and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a meta-analysis perspective. Front Aging Neurosci. 2016;8(78):10.3389\/fnagi.2016.00078.","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci."},{"issue":"6","key":"6103_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.1115","volume":"306","author":"K Yaffe","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yaffe K, Laffan AM, Harrison SL, Redline S, Spira AP, Ensrud KE, et al. Sleep-disordered breathing, hypoxia, and risk of mild cognitive impairment and dementia in older women. Jama. 2011;306(6):613\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2011.1115.","journal-title":"Jama."},{"issue":"1","key":"6103_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-022-01897-y","volume":"12","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Ren R, Yang L, Zhang H, Shi Y, Okhravi HR, et al. Sleep in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of polysomnographic findings. Translational Psychiatry. 2022;12(1):136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41398-022-01897-y.","journal-title":"Translational Psychiatry."},{"issue":"6","key":"6103_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-020-0355-1","volume":"16","author":"J DeLuca","year":"2020","unstructured":"DeLuca J, Chiaravalloti ND, Sandroff BM. Treatment and management of cognitive dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis. Nature Reviews Neurology. 2020;16(6):319\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41582-020-0355-1.","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neurology."},{"key":"6103_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102478","volume":"46","author":"A Motavalli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Motavalli A, Majdi A, Hosseini L, Talebi M, Mahmoudi J, Hosseini SH, et al. Pharmacotherapy in multiple sclerosis-induced cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Multiple Scler Relat Disorders. 2020;46: 102478. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102478.","journal-title":"Multiple Scler Relat Disorders"},{"issue":"2","key":"6103_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-023-07232-7","volume":"45","author":"L Ferini-Strambi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ferini-Strambi L, Liguori C, Lucey BP, Mander BA, Spira AP, Videnovic A, et al. Role of sleep in neurodegeneration: the consensus report of the 5th Think Tank World Sleep Forum. Neurological Sciences. 2024;45(2):749\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10072-023-07232-7.","journal-title":"Neurological Sciences."},{"issue":"2","key":"6103_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12020716","volume":"12","author":"AM Novak","year":"2023","unstructured":"Novak AM, Lev-Ari S. Resilience, stress, well-being, and sleep quality in multiple sclerosis. J Clin Med. 2023;12(2):716. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm12020716.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"6103_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2023.105167","volume":"80","author":"A Naseri","year":"2023","unstructured":"Naseri A, Morsali S, Sabahi Z, Kakaei J, Hakimzadeh Z, Hamidi S, et al. The effects of Melatonin supplementation on cognitive outcomes in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review. Multiple Scler Relat Disorders. 2023;80: 105167. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2023.105167.","journal-title":"Multiple Scler Relat Disorders"},{"issue":"5","key":"6103_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2213","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-023-01271-4","volume":"31","author":"S Morsali","year":"2023","unstructured":"Morsali S, Sabahi Z, Kakaei J, Hakimzadeh Z, Hamidi S, Gholipour-Khalili E, et al. Clinical efficacy and safety of melatonin supplementation in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review. Inflammopharmacology. 2023;31(5):2213\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10787-023-01271-4.","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology."},{"issue":"2","key":"6103_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-023-01414-7","volume":"32","author":"H Razmaray","year":"2024","unstructured":"Razmaray H, Nasiri E, Vakilipour P, Morsali S, Moradi A, Ebrahimian A, et al. The effects of melatonin supplementation on neurobehavioral outcomes and clinical severity in rodent models of multiple sclerosis; a systematic review and meta-analysis. Inflammopharmacology. 2024;32(2):927\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10787-023-01414-7.","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology."},{"key":"6103_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.3934\/medsci.2024012","volume":"11","author":"H Bandehagh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bandehagh H, Gozalpour F, Mousavi A, Ghavshough MH. Effects of melatonin on the management of multiple sclerosis: a scoping review on animal studies. AIMS Med Sci. 2024;11:137\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3934\/medsci.2024012.","journal-title":"AIMS Med Sci"},{"key":"6103_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bocheva G, Bakalov D, Iliev P, Tafradjiiska-Hadjiolova R. The vital role of melatonin and its metabolites in the neuroprotection and retardation of brain aging. Int J Mol Sci. 2024;25(10);https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25105122","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25105122"},{"issue":"7","key":"6103_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3377","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-023-11655-9","volume":"270","author":"MP Mogavero","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mogavero MP, Lanza G, Bruni O, DelRosso LM, Ferri R, Ferini-Strambi L. Sleep counts! Role and impact of sleep in the multimodal management of multiple sclerosis. J Neurol. 2023;270(7):3377\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-023-11655-9.","journal-title":"J Neurol."},{"key":"6103_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fleming WE, Pollak CP. Sleep disorders in multiple sclerosis. Semin Neurol. 2005;25(1):64\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-2005-867075.","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-867075"}],"container-title":["BMC Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12888-024-06103-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12888-024-06103-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12888-024-06103-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,28]],"date-time":"2024-09-28T05:07:11Z","timestamp":1727500031000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12888-024-06103-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,28]]},"references-count":113,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["6103"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-024-06103-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-244X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-244X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 April 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 September 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 September 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The ethics committee of the Tabriz University of Medical Science reviewed and approved the study protocol (Ethics code: IR.TBZMED.VCR.REC.1402.067).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"638"}}