{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T14:23:11Z","timestamp":1780755791484,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]],"date-time":"2024-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733270400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]],"date-time":"2024-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Psychiatry"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-024-06351-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]],"date-time":"2024-12-04T08:11:38Z","timestamp":1733299898000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Prevalence of insomnia and associated factors among postpartum mothers in Mattu City, Southwest Ethiopia: a community-based study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Solomon Seyife","family":"Alemu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lema Fikadu","family":"Wedajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wubishet","family":"Gezimu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biftu","family":"Geda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammedamin Hajure","family":"Jarso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"6351_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12967","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12967","volume":"29","author":"C Baglioni","year":"2020","unstructured":"Baglioni C, Altena E, Bjorvatn B, Blom K, Bothelius K, Devoto A, et al. The European Academy for Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Insomnia: an initiative of the European Insomnia Network to promote implementation and dissemination of treatment. J Sleep Res. 2020;29(2):e12967.","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"6351_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199001253220406","volume":"322","author":"JC Gillin","year":"1990","unstructured":"Gillin JC, Byerley WF. The diagnosis and management of insomnia. N Engl J Med. 1990;322(4):239\u201348.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"6351_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.31128\/AJGP-12-18-4780","volume":"48","author":"NA Grima","year":"2019","unstructured":"Grima NA, Bei B, Mansfield D. Insomnia theory and assessment. Australian J Gen Pract. 2019;48(4):193\u20137.","journal-title":"Australian J Gen Pract"},{"key":"6351_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2019.04.022","volume":"63","author":"PA Seidi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Seidi PA, Mohammadi H, Khazaie H, Abas NQ, Jaff D. Psychometric properties of the kurdish version of pittsburgh sleep quality index. Sleep Med. 2019;63:75\u201381.","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"6351_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Attarian HP. Clinical handbook of insomnia. Springer; 2016.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-41400-3"},{"issue":"suppl 3","key":"6351_CR6","first-page":"338","volume":"31","author":"I Zivoder","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zivoder I, Martic-Biocina S, Veronek J, Ursulin-Trstenjak N, Sajko M, Paukovic M. Mental disorders\/difficulties in the postpartum period. Psychiatria Danubina. 2019;31(suppl 3):338\u201344.","journal-title":"Psychiatria Danubina"},{"key":"6351_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-013-0356-9","volume":"16","author":"EM Park","year":"2013","unstructured":"Park EM, Meltzer-Brody S, Stickgold R. Poor sleep maintenance and subjective sleep quality are associated with postpartum maternal depression symptom severity. Arch Women Ment Health. 2013;16:539\u201347.","journal-title":"Arch Women Ment Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"6351_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1111\/jnu.12053","volume":"46","author":"SH Ko","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ko SH, Chen CH, Wang HH. Postpartum women\u2019s sleep quality and its predictors in Taiwan. J Nurs Scholarsh. 2014;46(2):74\u201381.","journal-title":"J Nurs Scholarsh"},{"issue":"7","key":"6351_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/27.7.1255","volume":"27","author":"MM Ohayon","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ohayon MM, Carskadon MA, Guilleminault C, Vitiello MV. Meta-analysis of quantitative sleep parameters from childhood to old age in healthy individuals: developing normative sleep values across the human lifespan. Sleep. 2004;27(7):1255\u201373.","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"6351_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Verma S, Quin N, Astbury L, Wellecke C, Wiley JF, Davey M, Rajaratnam SM, Bei B. Treating postpartum insomnia: a three arm randomised controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy and light dark therapy. Psychological Medicine. 2023 Sep;53(12):5459-69.","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291722002616"},{"issue":"1","key":"6351_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.whi.2008.07.015","volume":"19","author":"J Rychnovsky","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rychnovsky J, Hunter LP. The relationship between sleep characteristics and fatigue in healthy postpartum women. Women\u2019s Health Issues. 2009;19(1):38\u201344.","journal-title":"Women\u2019s Health Issues"},{"key":"6351_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2018.11.011","volume":"116","author":"JL Paulson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Paulson JL, Miller-Graff L. Prenatal sleep quality and mental health symptoms across the perinatal period: a longitudinal study of high-risk women. J Psychosom Res. 2019;116:31\u20136.","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"6351_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00161","volume":"11","author":"Y Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang Y, Li W, Ma T-J, Zhang L, Hall BJ, Ungvari GS, et al. Prevalence of poor sleep quality in perinatal and postnatal women: a comprehensive meta-analysis of observational studies. Front Psychiatry. 2020;11:161.","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"20","key":"6351_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10604","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182010604","volume":"18","author":"J Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen J, Farah N, Dong RK, Chen RZ, Xu W, Yin J, et al. Mental health during the COVID-19 crisis in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(20):10604.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"6351_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-022-04173-x","volume":"22","author":"DN Gessesse","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gessesse DN, Tsega NT, Aklil MB, Temesgan WZ, Abegaz MY, Anteneh TA, et al. Prevalence and associated factors of poor sleep quality among postpartum women in North West Ethiopia: a community-based study. BMC Psychiatry. 2022;22(1):538.","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"6351_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Belete H, Misgan E. Determinants of insomnia among mothers during postpartum period in northwest Ethiopia. Sleep disorders. 2019;2019.","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/3157637"},{"key":"6351_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1007\/s10865-018-9950-7","volume":"41","author":"ML Okun","year":"2018","unstructured":"Okun ML, Mancuso RA, Hobel CJ, Schetter CD, Coussons-Read M. Poor sleep quality increases symptoms of depression and anxiety in postpartum women. J Behav Med. 2018;41:703\u201310.","journal-title":"J Behav Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"6351_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-017-0496-6","volume":"18","author":"BA Lewis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lewis BA, Gjerdingen D, Schuver K, Avery M, Marcus BH. The effect of sleep pattern changes on postpartum depressive symptoms. BMC Womens Health. 2018;18(1):1\u20137.","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"issue":"23","key":"6351_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4534","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2020.1854718","volume":"35","author":"C Baglioni","year":"2022","unstructured":"Baglioni C, Tang NK, Johann AF, Altena E, Bramante A, Riemann D, et al. Insomnia and poor sleep quality during peripartum: a family issue with potential long term consequences on mental health. J Maternal-Fetal Neonatal Med. 2022;35(23):4534\u201342.","journal-title":"J Maternal-Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"6351_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2004.07.005","volume":"81","author":"A Scher","year":"2005","unstructured":"Scher A. Infant sleep at 10 months of age as a window to cognitive development. Early Hum Dev. 2005;81(3):289\u201392.","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"issue":"6","key":"6351_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.7164","volume":"14","author":"W Sun","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sun W, Li SX, Jiang Y, Xu X, Spruyt K, Zhu Q, et al. A community-based study of sleep and cognitive development in infants and toddlers. J Clin Sleep Med. 2018;14(6):977\u201384.","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"6351_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1177\/23727322211068006","volume":"9","author":"S Seehagen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Seehagen S. Infant sleep as a cornerstone for Cognitive Development. Policy Insights Behav Brain Sci. 2022;9(1):104\u201310.","journal-title":"Policy Insights Behav Brain Sci"},{"key":"6351_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2019.07.017","volume":"65","author":"LS King","year":"2020","unstructured":"King LS, Rangel E, Simpson N, Tikotzky L, Manber R. Mothers\u2019 postpartum sleep disturbance is associated with the ability to sustain sensitivity toward infants. Sleep Med. 2020;65:74\u201383.","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"6351_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1080\/15402002.2021.1926249","volume":"20","author":"DA Kalmbach","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kalmbach DA, O\u2019Brien LM, Pitts DAS, Sagong C, Arnett LK, Harb NC, et al. Mother-to-infant bonding is associated with maternal insomnia, snoring, cognitive arousal, and infant sleep problems and colic. Behav Sleep Med. 2022;20(4):393\u2013409.","journal-title":"Behav Sleep Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"6351_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-021-01751-9","volume":"91","author":"CH Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu CH, Hyun S, Mittal L, Erdei C. Psychological risks to mother\u2013infant bonding during the COVID-19 pandemic. Pediatr Res. 2022;91(4):853\u201361.","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"6351_CR26","first-page":"1","volume":"17","author":"WA Hall","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hall WA, Moynihan M, Bhagat R, Wooldridge J. Relationships between parental sleep quality, fatigue, cognitions about infant sleep, and parental depression pre and post-intervention for infant behavioral sleep problems. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2017;17:1\u201310.","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"5","key":"6351_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmwh.2005.04.010","volume":"50","author":"KA Thomas","year":"2005","unstructured":"Thomas KA, Foreman SW. Infant sleep and feeding pattern: effects on maternal sleep. J Midwifery Women\u2019s Health. 2005;50(5):399\u2013404.","journal-title":"J Midwifery Women\u2019s Health"},{"key":"6351_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hafner M, Stepanek M, Taylor J, Troxel WM, Van Stolk C. Why sleep matters\u2014the economic costs of insufficient sleep: a cross-country comparative analysis. Rand Health Q. 2017;6(4).","DOI":"10.7249\/RB9962"},{"key":"6351_CR29","volume-title":"The global problem of insufficient sleep and its serious public health implications","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chattu VK, Manzar MD, Kumary S, Burman D, Spence DW, Pandi-Perumal SR, editors. The global problem of insufficient sleep and its serious public health implications. Healthcare: MDPI; 2018."},{"issue":"5","key":"6351_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0250985","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0250985","volume":"16","author":"T Jemere","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jemere T, Getahun B, Tadele F, Kefale B, Walle G. Poor sleep quality and its associated factors among pregnant women in Northern Ethiopia, 2020: a cross sectional study. PLoS ONE. 2021;16(5):e0250985.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"6351_CR31","unstructured":"administrative Mt. Mettu town administrative office 2021."},{"key":"6351_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3157637","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/3157637","volume":"2019","author":"H Belete","year":"2019","unstructured":"Belete H, Misgan E. Determinants of Insomnia among mothers during Postpartum Period in Northwest Ethiopia. Sleep Disorders. 2019;2019:3157637.","journal-title":"Sleep Disorders"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"6351_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2009.06.020","volume":"122","author":"M Tesfaye","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tesfaye M, Hanlon C, Wondimagegn D, Alem A. Detecting postnatal common mental disorders in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: validation of the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale and Kessler scales. J Affect Disord. 2010;122(1\u20132):102\u20138.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"5","key":"6351_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0214962","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0214962","volume":"14","author":"B Lencha","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lencha B, Ameya G, Baresa G, Minda Z, Ganfure G. Intimate partner violence and its associated factors among pregnant women in Bale Zone, Southeast Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. PLoS ONE. 2019;14(5):e0214962.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"10","key":"6351_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0164376","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0164376","volume":"11","author":"B Mahenge","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mahenge B, St\u00f6ckl H, Abubakari A, Mbwambo J, Jahn A. Physical, sexual, emotional and economic intimate partner violence and controlling behaviors during pregnancy and postpartum among women in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. PLoS ONE. 2016;11(10):e0164376.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"2","key":"6351_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-536x.2000.00097.x","volume":"27","author":"J Webster","year":"2000","unstructured":"Webster J, Linnane JW, Dibley LM, Hinson JK, Starrenburg SE, Roberts JA. Measuring social support in pregnancy: can it be simple and meaningful? Birth. 2000;27(2):97\u2013101.","journal-title":"Birth"},{"issue":"1","key":"6351_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-6397-x","volume":"19","author":"M Alene","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alene M, Yismaw L, Berelie Y, Kassie B. Health care utilization for common childhood illnesses in rural parts of Ethiopia: evidence from the 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey. BMC Public Health. 2019;19(1):1\u201312.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"6351_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fantahun A, Cherie A, Deribe L. Prevalence and factors associated with postpartum depression among mothers attending public health centers of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2016. Clinical practice and epidemiology in mental health. CP & EMH; 2018;14:196.","DOI":"10.2174\/1745017901814010196"},{"key":"6351_CR39","unstructured":"Organization WH. Report of a WHO technical consultation on birth spacing: Geneva, Switzerland 13\u201315 June 2005. World Health Organization; 2007."},{"key":"6351_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8519","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S275038","volume":"12","author":"T Alene","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alene T, Atnafu A, Mekonnen ZA, Minyihun A. Acceptance of human papillomavirus vaccination and associated factors among parents of daughters in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia. Cancer Manage Res. 2020;12:8519.","journal-title":"Cancer Manage Res"},{"key":"6351_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"L T. Postpartum maternal sleep, maternal depressive symptoms and SelfPerceived Mother \u2013 Infant Emotional Relationship. Behav Sleep Med. 2014;37&#8211. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15402002.2014.940111.","DOI":"10.1080\/15402002.2014.940111"},{"key":"6351_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8520358","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/8520358","volume":"2017","author":"L Creti","year":"2017","unstructured":"Creti L, Libman E, Rizzo D, Fichten CS, Bailes S, Tran DL, et al. Sleep in the Postpartum: characteristics of First-Time, Healthy Mothers. Sleep Disord. 2017;2017:8520358.","journal-title":"Sleep Disord"},{"key":"6351_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6306942","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/6306942","volume":"2019","author":"T Ali","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ali T, Belete H, Awoke T, Zewde F, Derajew H, Yimer S, et al. Insomnia among town residents in Ethiopia: A Community-based cross-sectional survey. Sleep Disorders. 2019;2019:6306942.","journal-title":"Sleep Disorders"},{"issue":"2","key":"6351_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.3109\/0167482X.2012.658465","volume":"33","author":"H Ko","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ko H, Shin J, Kim MY, Kim YH, Lee J, Kil KC, et al. Sleep disturbances in Korean pregnant and postpartum women. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2012;33(2):85\u201390.","journal-title":"J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"6351_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.09.038","volume":"260","author":"O Kiviruusu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kiviruusu O, Pietik\u00e4inen JT, Kylli\u00e4inen A, P\u00f6lkki P, Saarenp\u00e4\u00e4-Heikkil\u00e4 O, Marttunen M, et al. Trajectories of mothers\u2019 and fathers\u2019 depressive symptoms from pregnancy to 24 months postpartum. J Affect Disord. 2020;260:629\u201337.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"6","key":"6351_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2018.02.004","volume":"31","author":"SY Wen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wen SY, Ko YL, Jou HJ, Chien LY. Sleep quality at 3 months postpartum considering maternal age: a comparative study. Women Birth: J Australian Coll Midwives. 2018;31(6):e367\u201373.","journal-title":"Women Birth: J Australian Coll Midwives"},{"issue":"3","key":"6351_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1097\/NMC.0000000000000323","volume":"42","author":"JJ Doering","year":"2017","unstructured":"Doering JJ, Szabo A, Goyal D, Babler E. Sleep quality and quantity in low-income Postpartum Women. MCN Am J Maternal Child Nurs. 2017;42(3):166\u201372.","journal-title":"MCN Am J Maternal Child Nurs"},{"key":"6351_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AlShareef SM. The impact of bedtime technology use on sleep quality and excessive daytime sleepiness in adults. Sleep Science. 2022 Jun;15(S 02):318-27.","DOI":"10.5935\/1984-0063.20200128"},{"key":"6351_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-015-0577-1","volume":"15","author":"B Sivertsen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sivertsen B, Hysing M, D\u00f8rheim SK, Eberhard-Gran M. Trajectories of maternal sleep problems before and after childbirth: a longitudinal population-based study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2015;15:129.","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"6351_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-565","volume":"12","author":"T Lallukka","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lallukka T, Sares-J\u00e4ske L, Kronholm E, S\u00e4\u00e4ksj\u00e4rvi K, Lundqvist A, Partonen T, et al. Sociodemographic and socioeconomic differences in sleep duration and insomnia-related symptoms in Finnish adults. BMC Public Health. 2012;12:565.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"6351_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chakravorty S, Chaudhary NS, Brower KJ. Alcohol dependence and its Relationship with Insomnia and other Sleep disorders. Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research. 2016;40(11):2271\u201382.","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13217"},{"key":"6351_CR52","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Handbook of Interpersonal Violence and Abuse across the Lifespan: a project of the National Partnership to end interpersonal violence across the Lifespan (NPEIV)","author":"PE Maharaj","year":"2020","unstructured":"Maharaj PE, Barclay N, Descartes C, Da Breo H. Intimate Partner Violence and Sleep: an overview of Sleep disturbances and interventions. In: Geffner R, White JW, Hamberger LK, Rosenbaum A, Vaughan-Eden V, Vieth VI, editors. Handbook of Interpersonal Violence and Abuse across the Lifespan: a project of the National Partnership to end interpersonal violence across the Lifespan (NPEIV). Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2020. pp. 1\u201325."}],"container-title":["BMC Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12888-024-06351-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12888-024-06351-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12888-024-06351-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]],"date-time":"2024-12-04T08:57:47Z","timestamp":1733302667000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12888-024-06351-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["6351"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-024-06351-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-244X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-244X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 January 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 November 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 December 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"An ethical statement letter was obtained from Mattu University\u2019s College of Health Sciences Institutional Research Ethics Review Committee with a reference number of MEU\/CHS\/RERC\/101\/22. All the methods were performed following the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. A letter of permission was obtained from the Mattu Town Health Department. Written informed consent was obtained from each study participant before starting the interview after they were informed of the purpose and nature of the study. During data collection, data collectors and supervisors wore face masks and followed the idea of physical separation for the prevention of COVID-19.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"884"}}