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In addition, the risk of developing somatic comorbidities which may require drug therapy is higher in patients with than in patients without psychiatric diseases. Further on, the risk of drug-drug interactions (DDI) increases with the number of drugs taken. The aim of this study was to analyze whether already known DDI between psychiatric drugs and somatic medications still occur in everyday clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed 9,276 spontaneous adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports from Germany contained in the European ADR database EudraVigilance received between 2017 and 2021 for adults in which antidepressants, antipsychotics and mood stabilizers were reported as suspected\/interacting. The ABDATA (a division of Avoxa\u2014Mediengruppe Deutscher Apotheker GmbH) drug information system was used to identify already known potential DDI (pDDI) related to psychiatric drugs and somatic medications. An individual assessment of reports was performed to detect whether the pDDI actually occurred.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      1,271 reports (49.7%) with 2,655 pDDI relating to 728 different potentially interacting drug pairs of psychiatric drugs and somatic medications were identified. Patients in reports with pDDI were older than patients in reports without pDDI (median 64 vs. 49\u00a0years) (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). In addition, the number of pDDI and the number of drugs reported increased with rising age. Restricted to potentially interacting drugs pairs with more than 10 reports (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009704 reports, 1,111pDDI), the two most frequently identified pDDIs were (i) hyponatremias related to antidepressants and diuretics (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009362, 32.6%) and (ii) bleeding events related to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) and platelet aggregation inhibitors, anticoagulants or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009295, 26.5%). After individual assessment of reports, bleeding events were found in 33.3% (14\/42), 23.7% (45\/190) and 17.4% (8\/46) of reports related to SSRIs and anticoagulants, SSRIs and platelet aggregation inhibitors and SSRIs and NSAIDs. Hyponatremia was observed in 7.6% (22\/289) of the reports related to antidepressants and diuretics.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Well-known DDI still occur to a considerable amount in everyday clinical practice in psychiatric patients treated with psychiatric drugs and somatic medications. Special attention should be paid to older polymedicated patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-025-07352-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T09:43:40Z","timestamp":1759398220000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Analysis of drug-drug interactions in spontaneous adverse drug reaction reports from EudraVigilance focusing on psychiatric drugs and somatic medication"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Diana","family":"Dubrall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"B\u00f6hme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Schmid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernhardt","family":"Sachs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catharina","family":"Scholl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"7352_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2710.2009.01021.x","volume":"34","author":"A Nobili","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nobili A, Pasina L, Tettamanti M, Lucca U, Riva E, Marzona I, et al. 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Front Pharmacol. 2022;13:946351.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"7352_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1136\/ejhpharm-2014-000561","volume":"22","author":"A Pauly","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pauly A, Wolf C, Busse M, et al. Evaluation of eight drug interaction databases commonly used in the German healthcare system. Eur J Hosp Pharm. 2015;22:165\u201370.","journal-title":"Eur J Hosp Pharm"}],"container-title":["BMC Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12888-025-07352-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12888-025-07352-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12888-025-07352-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T11:42:10Z","timestamp":1781610130000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12888-025-07352-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["7352"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-025-07352-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-244X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-244X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 January 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 August 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The ethics committee of the Medical Faculty of Bonn waved the need for approval since this is not required retrospective analyses based on pseudonymized spontaneous reports and stated that there are no ethical concerns (file no. 458\/20 and 100\/21). For this study, informed consent to participate was not applicable. No surveys or examinations were carried out on patients. The analyzed data is routinely collected, and stored in the adverse drug reaction database EudraVigilance from the European Medicines Agency (EMA). Among others, pharmaceutical companies, physicians, pharmacists and patients report these ADRs (information concerning the reporting channels see Dubrall et al., 2018 (25)). Further information concerning the processing of personal data in the context of the operation of EudraVigilance Human can be found in the European Medicines Agency\u2019s Data Protection Notice for EudraVigilance Human (\n                      \n                      - human-ev_en.pdf). The Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM) as a national competent authority is granted with the highest level of access to EudraVigilance since one of the core duties of the BfArM is to analyze EudraVigilance data in order to fulfill its pharmacovigilance obligations.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"DD and MS are supported by the ANKA project, which is founded by the Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices and the Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology at the university hospital Bonn.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"914"}}