{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T02:08:50Z","timestamp":1779156530855,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775865600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":38,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Basic Research Program of China","award":["2013CB531305"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013CB531305"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82371530"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82371530"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2025YFA1309200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025YFA1309200"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Psychiatry"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-026-08043-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T10:36:14Z","timestamp":1775903774000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Neurocognitive function profiles in Chinese patients with melancholic vs. non-melancholic major depressive disorder"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Li-Min","family":"Xin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing-Yu","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong-Zhen","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"family":"FengYan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yun-Ai","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tian-Mei","family":"Si","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"8043_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-014-0536-y","volume":"17","author":"G Parker","year":"2015","unstructured":"Parker G, McClure G, Paterson A. Melancholia and catatonia: disorders or specifiers? Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2015;17(1):536.","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"key":"8043_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fink M, Taylor MA. Resurrecting melancholia. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl. 2007(433):14\u201320.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2007.00958.x"},{"key":"8043_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511759024","volume-title":"Melancholia: a disorder of movement and mood: a phenomenological and neurobiological review","author":"GH-PD Parker","year":"1996","unstructured":"Parker GH-PD. Melancholia: a disorder of movement and mood: a phenomenological and neurobiological review. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; 1996."},{"key":"8043_CR4","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental Disorders,3rd edn","author":"(APA) APA","year":"1980","unstructured":"(APA) APA. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental Disorders,3rd edn. Washington,DC: In. American Psychiatric Publishing; 1980."},{"key":"8043_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th ed. Washington,DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2013.","edition":"5"},{"issue":"3","key":"8043_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0000000000001616","volume":"211","author":"MP Valerio","year":"2023","unstructured":"Valerio MP, Lomastro J, Igoa A, Martino DJ. Clinical Characteristics of Melancholic and Nonmelancholic Depressions. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2023;211(3):248\u201352.","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"8043_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2021.110285","volume":"110","author":"M Dold","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dold M, Bartova L, Fugger G, Kautzky A, Mitschek MMM, Fabbri C, Montgomery S, Zohar J, Souery D, Mendlewicz J, et al. Melancholic features in major depression - a European multicenter study. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2021;110:110285.","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"8043_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1080\/10401230600614496","volume":"18","author":"AY Khan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Khan AY, Carrithers J, Preskorn SH, Lear R, Wisniewski SR, John Rush A, Stegman D, Kelley C, Kreiner K, Nierenberg AA, et al. Clinical and demographic factors associated with DSM-IV melancholic depression. Ann Clin Psychiatry. 2006;18(2):91\u20138.","journal-title":"Ann Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"8043_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1847","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v69n1201","volume":"69","author":"PJ McGrath","year":"2008","unstructured":"McGrath PJ, Khan AY, Trivedi MH, Stewart JW, Morris DW, Wisniewski SR, Miyahara S, Nierenberg AA, Fava M, Rush AJ. Response to a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (citalopram) in major depressive disorder with melancholic features: a STAR*D report. J Clin Psychiatry. 2008;69(12):1847\u201355.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"8043_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.01.139","volume":"266","author":"L Tondo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tondo L, Vazquez GH, Baldessarini RJ. Melancholic versus Nonmelancholic Major Depression Compared. J Affect Disord. 2020;266:760\u20135.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"8043_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(94)90071-X","volume":"32","author":"T Marcos","year":"1994","unstructured":"Marcos T, Salamero M, Gutierrez F, Catalan R, Gasto C, Lazaro L. Cognitive dysfunctions in recovered melancholic patients. J Affect Disord. 1994;32(2):133\u20137.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"8043_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2009.07.012","volume":"123","author":"A Withall","year":"2010","unstructured":"Withall A, Harris LM, Cumming SR. A longitudinal study of cognitive function in melancholic and non-melancholic subtypes of major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord. 2010;123(1\u20133):150\u20137.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"8043_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114078","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2021.114078","volume":"303","author":"MP Valerio","year":"2021","unstructured":"Valerio MP, Szmulewicz AG, Lomastro J, Martino DJ. Neurocognitive performance in melancholic and non-melancholic major depressive disorder: A meta-analysis of comparative studies. Psychiatry Res. 2021;303:114078.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"8043_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.06.032","volume":"168","author":"K Lin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lin K, Xu G, Lu W, Ouyang H, Dang Y, Lorenzo-Seva U, Guo Y, Bessonov D, Akiskal HS, So KF, et al. Neuropsychological performance in melancholic, atypical and undifferentiated major depression during depressed and remitted states: a prospective longitudinal study. J Affect Disord. 2014;168:184\u201391.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"8043_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(83)90016-2","volume":"5","author":"AJ Rush","year":"1983","unstructured":"Rush AJ, Weissenburger J, Vinson DB, Giles DE. Neuropsychological dysfunctions in unipolar nonpsychotic major depressions. J Affect Disord. 1983;5(4):281\u20137.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"8043_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.06.015","volume":"338","author":"X Liang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liang X, Qiao D, Ren T, Wen Y, Xu Y, Ma L, Li Q, Li G, Liu Z. Neural association between cognitive function and anhedonia in adolescents with melancholic major depressive disorder: A fNIRS study. J Affect Disord. 2023;338:305\u201311.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"8043_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-016-0953-z","volume":"16","author":"X Lv","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lv X, Si T, Wang G, Wang H, Liu Q, Hu C, Wang J, Su Y, Huang Y, Jiang H, et al. The establishment of the objective diagnostic markers and personalized medical intervention in patients with major depressive disorder: rationale and protocol. BMC Psychiatry. 2016;16:240.","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"Suppl 20","key":"8043_CR18","first-page":"22","volume":"59","author":"DV Sheehan","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sheehan DV, Lecrubier Y, Sheehan KH, Amorim P, Janavs J, Weiller E, Hergueta T, Baker R, Dunbar GC. The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10. J Clin Psychiatry. 1998;59(Suppl 20):22\u2013quiz3334.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"8043_CR19","first-page":"493","volume":"503","author":"TM Si","year":"2009","unstructured":"Si TM, Shu L, Dang WM, Su YA, Chen JX, Dong WT, Kong QM, Zhang WH. Evaluation of the reliability and validity of chinese version of the mini-international neuropsychiatric interview in patients with mental disorders. Chin Ment Health J. 2009;503:493\u20137.","journal-title":"Chin Ment Health J"},{"key":"8043_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hamilton M. A rating scale for depression. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1960.","DOI":"10.1037\/t04100-000"},{"issue":"6","key":"8043_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e39840","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0039840","volume":"7","author":"YT Xiang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Xiang YT, Wang G, Hu C, Guo T, Ungvari GS, Kilbourne AM, Lai KY, Si TM, Zheng QW, Chen DF, et al. Demographic and clinical features and prescribing patterns of psychotropic medications in patients with the melancholic subtype of major depressive disorder in China. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(6):e39840.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"8043_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2015.09.003","volume":"169","author":"C Shi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shi C, Kang L, Yao S, Ma Y, Li T, Liang Y, Cheng Z, Xu Y, Shi J, Xu X, et al. The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB): Co-norming and standardization in China. Schizophr Res. 2015;169(1\u20133):109\u201315.","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"8043_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e48200","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0048200","volume":"7","author":"M Gili","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gili M, Roca M, Armengol S, Asensio D, Garcia-Campayo J, Parker G. Clinical patterns and treatment outcome in patients with melancholic, atypical and non-melancholic depressions. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(10):e48200.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"8043_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.11.009","volume":"238","author":"CH Lin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lin CH, Huang CJ, Liu SK. Melancholic features in inpatients with major depressive disorder associate with differential clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes. Psychiatry Res. 2016;238:368\u201373.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"8043_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Angst J, Gamma A, Benazzi F, Ajdacic V, Rossler W. Melancholia and atypical depression in the Zurich study: epidemiology, clinical characteristics, course, comorbidity and personality. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl. 2007(433):72\u201384.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2007.00965.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"8043_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2011.183","volume":"37","author":"JP Roiser","year":"2012","unstructured":"Roiser JP, Elliott R, Sahakian BJ. Cognitive mechanisms of treatment in depression. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2012;37(1):117\u201336.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"10","key":"8043_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2029","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291713002535","volume":"44","author":"PL Rock","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rock PL, Roiser JP, Riedel WJ, Blackwell AD. Cognitive impairment in depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychol Med. 2014;44(10):2029\u201340.","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"8043_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1037\/a0028727","volume":"139","author":"HR Snyder","year":"2013","unstructured":"Snyder HR. Major depressive disorder is associated with broad impairments on neuropsychological measures of executive function: a meta-analysis and review. Psychol Bull. 2013;139(1):81\u2013132.","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"issue":"10","key":"8043_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(19)30291-3","volume":"6","author":"M Semkovska","year":"2019","unstructured":"Semkovska M, Quinlivan L, O\u2019Grady T, Johnson R, Collins A, O\u2019Connor J, Knittle H, Ahern E, Gload T. Cognitive function following a major depressive episode: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Psychiatry. 2019;6(10):851\u201361.","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"8043_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.04.039","volume":"201","author":"L Zaninotto","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zaninotto L, Solmi M, Veronese N, Guglielmo R, Ioime L, Camardese G, Serretti A. A meta-analysis of cognitive performance in melancholic versus non-melancholic unipolar depression. J Affect Disord. 2016;201:15\u201324.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"8043_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.01.061","volume":"176","author":"CV Day","year":"2015","unstructured":"Day CV, Gatt JM, Etkin A, DeBattista C, Schatzberg AF, Williams LM. Cognitive and emotional biomarkers of melancholic depression: An iSPOT-D report. J Affect Disord. 2015;176:141\u201350.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"8043_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2003.11.008","volume":"38","author":"MP Pier","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pier MP, Hulstijn W, Sabbe BG. Differential patterns of psychomotor functioning in unmedicated melancholic and nonmelancholic depressed patients. J Psychiatr Res. 2004;38(4):425\u201335.","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"8043_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.45.8.1446","volume":"45","author":"BL Plassman","year":"1995","unstructured":"Plassman BL, Welsh KA, Helms M, Brandt J, Page WF, Breitner JC. Intelligence and education as predictors of cognitive state in late life: a 50-year follow-up. Neurology. 1995;45(8):1446\u201350.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"8043_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1080\/00048670601109881","volume":"41","author":"RJ Porter","year":"2007","unstructured":"Porter RJ, Bourke C, Gallagher P. Neuropsychological impairment in major depression: its nature, origin and clinical significance. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2007;41(2):115\u201328.","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"8043_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1177\/00048674221133743","volume":"57","author":"MP Valerio","year":"2023","unstructured":"Valerio MP, Lomastro J, Igoa A, Martino DJ. Neurocognitive function of patients with melancholic and non-melancholic major depressive episodes: An exploratory study. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2023;57(7):1023\u201330.","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"8043_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700034929","volume":"25","author":"MP Austin","year":"1995","unstructured":"Austin MP, Mitchell P. The anatomy of melancholia: does frontal-subcortical pathophysiology underpin its psychomotor and cognitive manifestations? Psychol Med. 1995;25(4):665\u201372.","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"8043_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1586\/ern.12.72","volume":"12","author":"CV Day","year":"2012","unstructured":"Day CV, Williams LM. Finding a biosignature for melancholic depression. Expert Rev Neurother. 2012;12(7):835\u201347.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Neurother"},{"issue":"4","key":"8043_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001501","volume":"9","author":"DA Pizzagalli","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pizzagalli DA, Oakes TR, Fox AS, Chung MK, Larson CL, Abercrombie HC, Schaefer SM, Benca RM, Davidson RJ. Functional but not structural subgenual prefrontal cortex abnormalities in melancholia. Mol Psychiatry. 2004;9(4):325.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"8043_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.12809\/eaap1852","volume":"30","author":"RN Munoli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Munoli RN, Sharma P, Kongasseri S, Bhandary RP, Praharaj SK. Melancholic Versus Non-Melancholic Depression: a Prospective Study. East Asian Arch Psychiatry. 2020;30(1):20\u20137.","journal-title":"East Asian Arch Psychiatry"},{"key":"8043_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.09.083","volume":"278","author":"DJ Martino","year":"2021","unstructured":"Martino DJ, Valerio MP, Parker G. Melancholia: dimensional or categorical? J Affect Disord. 2021;278:395\u20136.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"8043_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.164.3.316","volume":"164","author":"G Parker","year":"1994","unstructured":"Parker G, Hadzi-Pavlovic D, Wilhelm K, Hickie I, Brodaty H, Boyce P, Mitchell P, Eyers K. Defining melancholia: properties of a refined sign-based measure. Br J Psychiatry. 1994;164(3):316\u201326.","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"8043_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.111.477.659","volume":"111","author":"MW Carney","year":"1965","unstructured":"Carney MW, Roth M, Garside RF. The Diagnosis of Depressive Syndromes and the Prediction of E.C.T. Response. Br J Psychiatry. 1965;111:659\u201374.","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"8043_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dolven S, Moron M, Eriksen I, Toft JEG, Semkovska M. The comparative efficacy of antidepressant and psychological therapies on cognition in depression: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Neuropsychol Rev 2025.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-025-09686-2"},{"key":"8043_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.11.044","volume":"347","author":"A Szmulewicz","year":"2024","unstructured":"Szmulewicz A, Valerio MP, Lomastro J, Martino DJ. Melancholic features and treatment outcome to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in major depressive disorder: A re-analysis of the STAR*D trial. J Affect Disord. 2024;347:101\u20137.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"8043_CR45","first-page":"271","volume":"128","author":"G Parker","year":"2013","unstructured":"Parker G, Blanch B, Paterson A, Hadzi-Pavlovic D, Sheppard E, Manicavasagar V, Synnott H, Graham RK, Friend P, Gilfillan D, et al. The superiority of antidepressant medication to cognitive behavior therapy in melancholic depressed patients: a 12-week single-blind randomized study. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2013;128(4):271\u201381.","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"8043_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116636","volume":"351","author":"G Navarra-Ventura","year":"2025","unstructured":"Navarra-Ventura G, Riera-Serra P, Castro A, Montano JJ, Roca M, Gili M. Longitudinal associations between melancholic depression and executive function in adult patients with major depressive disorder: a 12-month follow-up study. Psychiatry Res. 2025;351:116636.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"}],"container-title":["BMC Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12888-026-08043-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12888-026-08043-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12888-026-08043-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T02:02:07Z","timestamp":1779156127000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12888-026-08043-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["8043"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-026-08043-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-244X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-244X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All eligible participants provided written informed consent prior to enrollment in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the research ethics committee of each participating institution, namely Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health; Nankai University Affiliated Anding Hospital (Tianjin Mental Health Center); Peking Union Medical College Hospital; First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University; The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University; Dalian Seventh People\u2019s Hospital; Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University; The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University; and Tianjin Medical University General Hospital.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"402"}}