{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T01:54:07Z","timestamp":1781574847692,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777420800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":48,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hangzhou Pharmaceutical and Health Science and Technology Project","award":["A20210156"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A20210156"]}]},{"name":"2025 Annual \"Pioneer & Leader + X\" Science and Technology Plan Projects of Zhejiang Provincial Department of Science and Technology","award":["2025C01103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025C01103"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Psychiatry"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-026-08060-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T12:05:35Z","timestamp":1777464335000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of a phone-based, CBT-I\u2013centered digital intervention on sleep and depressive symptoms in real-world clinical settings"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Lili","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pan","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"You","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linlin","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingfen","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongjing","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10100","key":"8060_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32154-2","volume":"390","author":"GBD 2016 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators","year":"2017","unstructured":"GBD 2016 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990\u20132016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016.Lancet (London. England). 2017;390(10100):1211\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32154-2.","journal-title":"England)"},{"issue":"2","key":"8060_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyu038","volume":"43","author":"C Zachary Steel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Steel Z, Marnane C, Iranpour C, Chey T, Jackson JW, Patel V, Silove D. The global prevalence of common mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis 1980\u20132013. Int J Epidemiol. 2014;43(2):476\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ije\/dyu038.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"8060_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e42","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32408-5","volume":"393","author":"H Herrman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Herrman H, Kieling C, McGorry P, Horton R, Sargent J, Patel V. Reducing the global burden of depression: a Lancet\u2013World Psychiatric ssociation Commission. Lancet. 2019;393:e42\u201343.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"8060_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291709992285","volume":"40","author":"M Pinquart","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pinquart M, Duberstein PR. Depression and cancer mortality:a meta-analysis. Psychol Med. 2010;40:1797\u2013810.","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"8060_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001671","volume":"10","author":"G Hasler","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hasler G, Pine DS, Kleinbaum DG, et al. epressive symptoms during childhood and adult obesity: the Zurich Cohort Study. Mol Psychiatry. 2005;10:842\u201350.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"8060_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2763","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehl338","volume":"27","author":"A Nicholson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nicholson A, Kuper H, Hemingway H. Depression as an aetiologic and prognostic Item in coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis of 6362 events among 146 538 participants in 54 observational studies. Eur Heart J. 2006;27:2763\u201374.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"8060_CR7","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Depression in adults: treatment and management. 2022. https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ng222 (accessed Dec 5, 2022)."},{"key":"8060_CR8","first-page":"627","volume":"23","author":"AJ Rush","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rush AJ, Warden D, Wisniewski SR, et al. STAR*D: revising conventional wisdom. CNS Drugs. 2009;23:627\u201347.","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"8060_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32802-7","volume":"391","author":"A Cipriani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cipriani A, Furukawa TA, Salanti G, et al. Comparative efficacy and acceptability of 21 antidepressant drugs for the acute treatment of adults with major depressive disorder: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Lancet. 2018;391:1357\u201366.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"8060_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gartlehner G, Hansen RA, Morgan LC, Thaler K, Lux L, Van Noord M, Mager U, Thieda P, Gaynes BN, Wilkins T, Strobelberger M. Comparative benefits and harms of second-generation antidepressants for treating major depressive disorder: an updated meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2011;155(11):772\u201385 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/0003-4819-155-11-201112060-00009.","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-155-11-201112060-00009"},{"issue":"1","key":"8060_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2005.07.003","volume":"26","author":"C Andrew","year":"2006","unstructured":"Butler AC, Chapman JE, Forman EM, Beck AT. The empirical status of cognitive-behavioral therapy: a review of meta-analyses. Clinical Psychol Rev. 2006;26(1):17\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2005.07.003.","journal-title":"Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"8060_CR12","first-page":"335","volume":"28","author":"M Fava","year":"2000","unstructured":"Fava M, Kendler KS. Major Depressive Disorder Neuron. 2000;28(2):335\u201341.","journal-title":"Major Depressive Disorder Neuron"},{"issue":"2","key":"8060_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.4088\/jcp.v69n0211","volume":"69","author":"H Madhukar","year":"2008","unstructured":"Trivedi MH, Hollander E, Nutt D, Blier P. Clinical evidence and potential neurobiological underpinnings of unresolved symptoms of depression. J Clin Psychiatry. 2008;69(2):246\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4088\/jcp.v69n0211.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"8060_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Madelon YB, Robert JK. Reasons for quitting serotonin reuptake inhibitor therapy: paradoxical psychological side effects and patient satisfaction. Psychother Psychosom. 2004 Nov-Dec;73(6):380\u20135 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000080392.","DOI":"10.1159\/000080392"},{"issue":"11","key":"8060_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1754","DOI":"10.4088\/jcp.v67n1113","volume":"67","author":"LM Maurizio Fava","year":"2006","unstructured":"Maurizio Fava LM, Graves F, Benazzi MJ, Scalia DV, Iosifescu JE, Alpert, George I, Papakostas. A cross-sectional study of the prevalence of cognitive and physical symptoms during long-term antidepressant treatment. J Clin Psychiatry. 2006;67(11):1754\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4088\/jcp.v67n1113.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"8060_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e31820ebd2c","volume":"31","author":"MMC Shawn","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shawn MMC, Husain MM, Wisniewski SR, Nierenberg AA, Stewart JW, Trivedi MH, Cook I, Morris D, Warden D, Rush AJ. Residual symptoms in depressed outpatients who respond by 50% but do not remit to antidepressant medication. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2011;31(2):180\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/JCP.0b013e31820ebd2c.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"8060_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Conradi HJ, Ormel J, de Jonge P. Presence of individual (residual) symptoms during depressive episodes and periods of remission: a 3-year prospective study. Psychol Med. 2011;41(6):1165\u201374.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S003329171000191.","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329171000191"},{"key":"8060_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pierre Blier. Neurotransmitter targeting in the treatment of depression. J Clin Psychiatry. 2013;74 Suppl 2:19\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4088\/JCP.12084su1c.04.","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.12084su1c.04"},{"issue":"2","key":"8060_CR19","first-page":"103","volume":"29","author":"XC Liu","year":"1996","unstructured":"Liu XC, Tang MQ, Hu L, et al. Reliability and validity of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Chin J Psychiat. 1996;29(2):103\u20137. China.","journal-title":"Chin J Psychiat"},{"issue":"10","key":"8060_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092","volume":"166","author":"RL Spitzer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JB, et al. A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166(10):1092\u20137.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"8060_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","volume":"16","author":"K Kroenke","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med. 2001;16:606\u201313.","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"8060_CR22","unstructured":"Yu E, Wang N, Han S. A study on influencing Item s of treatment compliance in outpatients with insomnia. Zhejiang Clin Med. 2004;10:851\u20132."},{"key":"8060_CR23","first-page":"540","volume":"14","author":"MW Johns","year":"1991","unstructured":"Johns MW. A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Am Sleep Disord Assoc Sleep Res Soc. 1991;14:540\u20135.","journal-title":"Am Sleep Disord Assoc Sleep Res Soc"},{"key":"8060_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2013.08.002","volume":"18","author":"TB Kendzerska","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kendzerska TB, Smith PM, Brignardello-Petersen R, Leung RS, Tomlinson GA. Evaluation of the measurement properties of the Epworth sleepiness scale: A systematic review. Sleep Med Rev. 2014;18:321\u201331.","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"8060_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e65356","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0065356","volume":"8","author":"J Lian Gu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gu L, Xie J, Long J, Chen Q, Chen Q, Pan R, Yan Y, Wu G, Liang B, Tan J, Xie X. Epidemiology of major depressive disorder in mainland china: a systematic review. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(6):e65356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0065356.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"9","key":"8060_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000053","volume":"142","author":"C Baglioni","year":"2016","unstructured":"Baglioni C, et al. Sleep and mental disorders: A meta-analysis of polysomnographic research. Psychol Bull. 2016;142(9):969\u201390.","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"issue":"5","key":"8060_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3106","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-1056","volume":"90","author":"TM Buckley","year":"2005","unstructured":"Buckley TM, Schatzberg A. F.On the interactions of the HPA axis and sleep: Normal and pathological. J Clin Endocrinol Metabolism. 2005;90(5):3106\u201314.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metabolism"},{"issue":"20","key":"8060_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R877","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2007.08.007","volume":"7","author":"SS Yoo","year":"2007","unstructured":"Yoo SS, et al. The human emotional brain without sleep. Curr Biol. 2007;7(20):R877\u20138.","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"8060_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-032813-153716","volume":"10","author":"AN Goldstein","year":"2014","unstructured":"Goldstein AN, Walker MP. The role of sleep in emotional brain function. Ann Rev Clin Psychol. 2014;10:679\u2013708.","journal-title":"Ann Rev Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8060_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2016.148","volume":"42","author":"MR Irwin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Irwin MR, Opp MR. Sleep health: Reciprocal regulation of sleep and innate immunity. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2017;42(1):129\u201355.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"3","key":"8060_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1037\/a0035302","volume":"140","author":"GM Slavich","year":"2014","unstructured":"Slavich GM, Irwin MR. From stress to inflammation and major depressive disorder. Psychol Bull. 2014;140(3):774\u2013815.","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"8060_CR32","first-page":"101380","volume":"55","author":"D Riemann","year":"2020","unstructured":"Riemann D, et al. The hyperarousal model of insomnia: A review of the concept and its evidence. Sleep Med Rev. 2020;55:101380.","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"8060_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0333-3","volume":"51","author":"PR Jansen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jansen PR, Watanabe K, Stringer S, Skene N, Bryois J, Hammerschlag AR, et al. Genome-wide analysis of insomnia in 1,331,010 individuals identifies new risk loci and functional pathways. Nat Genet. 2019;51:394\u2013403. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41588-018-0333-3.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"8060_CR34","first-page":"12","volume":"214","author":"L Johnson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Johnson L, et al. The impact of age on treatment outcomes in depression: A meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 2017;214:12\u20137.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"8060_CR35","first-page":"321","volume":"75","author":"K White","year":"2019","unstructured":"White K, et al. The impact of illness duration on treatment outcomes in depression: A longitudinal study. J Clin Psychol. 2019;75(3):321\u201330.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychol"},{"key":"8060_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291709006011","volume":"40","author":"AA Nierenberg","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nierenberg AA, Husain MM, Trivedi MH, Fava M, Warden D, Wisniewski SR, et al. Residual symptoms after remission of major depressive disorder with citalopram and risk of relapse: a STAR*D report. Psychol Med. 2010;40:41\u201350.","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"8060_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1097\/YIC.0000000000000056","volume":"30","author":"L Citrome","year":"2015","unstructured":"Citrome L, Gommoll CP, Tang X, Nunez R, Mathews M. Evaluating the efficacy of vilazodone in achieving remission in patients with major depressive disorder:post-hoc analyses of a phase IV trial. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2015;30:75\u201381.","journal-title":"Int Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"8060_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1001403","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001403","volume":"10","author":"I Glen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Spielmans GI, Berman MI, Linardatos E, Rosenlicht NZ, Perry A, Tsai AC. Adjunctive atypical antipsychotic treatment for major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis of depression, quality of life, and safety outcomes. PLoS Med. 2013;10(3):e1001403. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001403.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"8060_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.04.005","volume":"235","author":"EM Hausman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hausman EM, Kotov R, Perlman G, Hajcak G, Kessel EM, Klein DN. Prospective predictors offirst-onset depressive disorders in adolescent females with anxiety disorders. J Affect Disord. 2018;235:176\u201383.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"8060_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2006.8.2\/pbech","volume":"8","author":"Per Bech","year":"2006","unstructured":"Per Bech. Rating scales in depression: limitations and pitfalls. Dialog Clin Neurosci. 2006;8(2):207\u201315.","journal-title":"Dialog Clin Neurosci"}],"container-title":["BMC Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12888-026-08060-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12888-026-08060-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12888-026-08060-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T01:33:33Z","timestamp":1781573613000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12888-026-08060-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["8060"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-026-08060-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-244X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-244X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Mental Health Center, the Seventh People\u2019s Hospital of Hangzhou, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Approval No. [2024] Ethics Review (044)), with the approval date of June 12, 2024. The study was conducted in accordance with research ethics guidelines, participation was voluntary, and informed consent was obtained from all participants.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"472"}}