{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T14:58:40Z","timestamp":1780930720715,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776988800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780876800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":45,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Suzhou Clinical Medical Center for Mood Disorders"},{"name":"Suzhou Key Laboratory"},{"name":"Multicenter Clinical Research on Major Diseases in Suzhou"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Psychiatry"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-026-08115-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T09:59:05Z","timestamp":1777024745000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Raphe subregion seeds reveal whole-brain functional connectivity differences underlying adolescent depression"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Jian","family":"Ji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haihua","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaochen","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yutong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinlin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiannan","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haoran","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"XiaoBin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongyan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"8115_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-024-03169-3","volume":"14","author":"H Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen H, Liu P, Chen X, Liu J, Tang H, Tian Y, et al. The mediation role of gray matter volume in the relationship between childhood maltreatment and psychological resilience in adolescents with first-episode major depressive disorder. Transl Psychiatry. 2024;14:452. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41398-024-03169-3.","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"8115_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1111\/bjc.12333","volume":"61","author":"S Shorey","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shorey S, Ng ED, Wong CHJ. Global prevalence of depression and elevated depressive symptoms among adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Clin Psychol. 2022;61:287\u2013305. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjc.12333.","journal-title":"Br J Clin Psychol"},{"key":"8115_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5749","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.26474","volume":"44","author":"Y Wen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wen Y, Li H, Huang Y, Qiao D, Ren T, Lei L, et al. Dynamic network characteristics of adolescents with major depressive disorder: attention network mediates the association between anhedonia and attentional deficit. Hum Brain Mapp. 2023;44:5749\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hbm.26474.","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"8115_CR4","unstructured":"World Health Organization. World mental health today: latest data. 2025. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240113817. Accessed 12 Sept 2025."},{"key":"8115_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11061361","volume":"11","author":"DO Rothenberg","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rothenberg DO, Zhang L. Mechanisms underlying the anti-depressive effects of regular tea consumption. Nutrients. 2019;11:1361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu11061361.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"8115_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.5498\/wjp.v12.i9.1150","volume":"12","author":"I \u0160alamon Ar\u010dan","year":"2022","unstructured":"\u0160alamon Ar\u010dan I, Kouter K, Videti\u010d Paska A. Depressive disorder and antidepressants from an epigenetic point of view. World J Psychiatry. 2022;12:1150\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5498\/wjp.v12.i9.1150.","journal-title":"World J Psychiatry"},{"key":"8115_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2013.11.009","volume":"38","author":"I Mahar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mahar I, Bambico FR, Mechawar N, Nobrega JN. Stress, serotonin, and hippocampal neurogenesis in relation to depression and antidepressant effects. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2014;38:173\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2013.11.009.","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"8115_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23111","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-09113-9","volume":"15","author":"X Tang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tang X, Wang C, Huang Q, Yang C, Lan S, Yen Y, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of shugan jieyu capsule combined with escitalopram in the treatment of senile depression. Sci Rep. 2025;15:23111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-09113-9.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"8115_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2005.09.003","volume":"48","author":"SJ Judge","year":"2006","unstructured":"Judge SJ, Gartside SE. Firing of 5-HT neurones in the dorsal and median raphe nucleus in vitro shows differential \u03b11-adrenoceptor and 5-HT1A receptor modulation. Neurochem Int. 2006;48:100\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuint.2005.09.003.","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"key":"8115_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e38943","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000038943","volume":"103","author":"AR Tejeda-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tejeda-Mart\u00ednez AR, Ramos-Molina AR, Brand-Rubalcava PA, Flores-Soto ME. Involvement of serotonergic receptors in depressive processes and their modulation by \u03b2-arrestins: A review. Med (Baltim). 2024;103:e38943. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000038943.","journal-title":"Med (Baltim)"},{"key":"8115_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291701004822","volume":"32","author":"B Baumann","year":"2002","unstructured":"Baumann B, Bielau H, Krell D, Agelink MW, Diekmann S, Wurthmann C, et al. Circumscribed numerical deficit of dorsal raphe neurons in mood disorders. Psychol Med. 2002;32:93\u2013103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0033291701004822.","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"8115_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4152","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-48489-6","volume":"15","author":"HT Hamada","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hamada HT, Abe Y, Takata N, Taira M, Tanaka KF, Doya K. Optogenetic activation of dorsal raphe serotonin neurons induces brain-wide activation. Nat Commun. 2024;15:4152. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-024-48489-6.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"8115_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2011.05.011","volume":"41","author":"M Waselus","year":"2011","unstructured":"Waselus M, Valentino RJ, Van Bockstaele EJ. Collateralized dorsal raphe nucleus projections: a mechanism for the integration of diverse functions during stress. J Chem Neuroanat. 2011;41:266\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2011.05.011.","journal-title":"J Chem Neuroanat"},{"key":"8115_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.04.065","volume":"116","author":"V Beliveau","year":"2015","unstructured":"Beliveau V, Svarer C, Frokjaer VG, Knudsen GM, Greve DN, Fisher PM. Functional connectivity of the dorsal and median raphe nuclei at rest. NeuroImage. 2015;116:187\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.04.065.","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"8115_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2010.03.008","volume":"20","author":"MP van den Heuvel","year":"2010","unstructured":"van den Heuvel MP, Hulshoff Pol HE. Exploring the brain network: a review on resting-state fMRI functional connectivity. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2010;20:519\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2010.03.008.","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"8115_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2017.04.007","volume":"92","author":"J Brakowski","year":"2017","unstructured":"Brakowski J, Spinelli S, D\u00f6rig N, Bosch OG, Manoliu A, Holtforth MG, et al. Resting state brain network function in major depression \u2013 depression symptomatology, antidepressant treatment effects, future research. J Psychiatr Res. 2017;92:147\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2017.04.007.","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"8115_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2010.10101419","volume":"168","author":"S Lui","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lui S, Wu Q, Qiu L, Yang X, Kuang W, Chan RCK, et al. Resting-state functional connectivity in treatment-resistant depression. Am J Psychiatry. 2011;168:642\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.2010.10101419.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"8115_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Veer IM, Beckmann C, Van Tol M-J, Ferrarini L, Milles J, Veltman D, et al. Whole brain resting-state analysis reveals decreased functional connectivity in major depression. Front Syst Neurosci. 2010;4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnsys.2010.00041.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2010.00041"},{"key":"8115_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2022.07.040","volume":"155","author":"S Krug","year":"2022","unstructured":"Krug S, M\u00fcller T, Kayali \u00d6, Leichter E, Peschel SKV, Jahn N, et al. Altered functional connectivity in common resting-state networks in patients with major depressive disorder: a resting-state functional connectivity study. J Psychiatr Res. 2022;155:33\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2022.07.040.","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"8115_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2024.01.024","volume":"96","author":"R Ramkumar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ramkumar R, Edge-Partington M, Terstege DJ, Adigun K, Ren Y, Khan NS, et al. Long-term impact of early-life stress on serotonin connectivity. Biol Psychiatry. 2024;96:287\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2024.01.024.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"8115_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2023.103359","volume":"37","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Huang C-C, Zhao J, Liu Y, Xia M, Wang X, et al. Resting-state functional connectivity of the raphe nuclei in major depressive disorder: a multi-site study. Neuroimage Clin. 2023;37:103359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nicl.2023.103359.","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin"},{"key":"8115_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00765","volume":"9","author":"A Anand","year":"2019","unstructured":"Anand A, Jones SE, Lowe M, Karne H, Koirala P. Resting state functional connectivity of dorsal raphe nucleus and ventral tegmental area in medication-free young adults with major depression. Front Psychiatry. 2019;9:765. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00765.","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"8115_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14050384","volume":"14","author":"M Xu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xu M, Zhou EY, Shi H. Tryptophan and its metabolite serotonin impact metabolic and mental disorders via the brain\u2013gut\u2013microbiome axis: a focus on sex differences. Cells. 2025;14:384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells14050384.","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"8115_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-20-1121","volume":"85","author":"S Shu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shu S, Ren J, Song J. Clinical application of machine learning-based artificial intelligence in the diagnosis, prediction, and classification of cardiovascular diseases. Circ J. 2021;85:1416\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1253\/circj.CJ-20-1121.","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"8115_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.5498\/wjp.v14.i11.1696","volume":"14","author":"Z-H Yu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yu Z-H, Yu R-Q, Wang X-Y, Ren W-Y, Zhang X-Q, Wu W, et al. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and support vector machines for the diagnosis of major depressive disorder in adolescents. World J Psychiatry. 2024;14:1696\u2013707. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5498\/wjp.v14.i11.1696.","journal-title":"World J Psychiatry"},{"key":"8115_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3680","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2025.02.052","volume":"32","author":"Z Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li Z, Shen Y, Zhang M, Li X, Wu B. Multivariate classification of adolescent major depressive disorder using whole-brain functional connectivity. Acad Radiol. 2025;32:3680\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.acra.2025.02.052.","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"key":"8115_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3973","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000003973","volume":"95","author":"X Lu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lu X, Yang Y, Wu F, Gao M, Xu Y, Zhang Y, et al. Discriminative analysis of schizophrenia using support vector machine and recursive feature elimination on structural MRI images. Med (Baltim). 2016;95:e3973. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000003973.","journal-title":"Med (Baltim)"},{"key":"8115_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0224365","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0224365","volume":"14","author":"A Vabalas","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vabalas A, Gowen E, Poliakoff E, Casson AJ. Machine learning algorithm validation with a limited sample size. PLoS ONE. 2019;14:e0224365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0224365.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"8115_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-7-91","volume":"7","author":"S Varma","year":"2006","unstructured":"Varma S, Simon R. Bias in error estimation when using cross-validation for model selection. BMC Bioinformatics. 2006;7:91. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2105-7-91.","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"8115_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-017-0674-5","volume":"19","author":"A Pettersson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pettersson A, Modin S, Wahlstr\u00f6m R, Af Winklerfelt Hammarberg S, Krakau I. The mini-international neuropsychiatric interview is useful and well accepted as part of the clinical assessment for depression and anxiety in primary care: a mixed-methods study. BMC Fam Pract. 2018;19:19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12875-017-0674-5.","journal-title":"BMC Fam Pract"},{"key":"8115_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1966","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.1966","volume":"32","author":"A Lundin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lundin A, M\u00f6ller J, Forsell Y. The major depression inventory for diagnosing according to DSM-5 and ICD-11: psychometric properties and validity in a Swedish general population. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. 2023;32:e1966. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mpr.1966.","journal-title":"Int J Methods Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"8115_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"n2183","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n2183","volume":"375","author":"ZF Negeri","year":"2021","unstructured":"Negeri ZF, Levis B, Sun Y, He C, Krishnan A, Wu Y, et al. Accuracy of the patient health questionnaire-9 for screening to detect major depression: updated systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis. BMJ. 2021;375:n2183. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.n2183.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"8115_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1546039","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1546039","volume":"16","author":"S Geng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Geng S, Zhang W, Gao X, Qu L, Zheng X, Sun J, et al. Association analysis of suicide risk assessed with Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interviews\u2019 Suicidality Module in adolescents with non suicidal self injury disorder. Front Psychiatry. 2025;16:1546039. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1546039.","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"8115_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/s12021-016-9299-4","volume":"14","author":"C-G Yan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yan C-G, Wang X-D, Zuo X-N, Zang Y-F. DPABI: data processing & analysis for (resting-state) brain imaging. Neuroinformatics. 2016;14:339\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12021-016-9299-4.","journal-title":"Neuroinformatics"},{"key":"8115_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1101\/548644","volume":"196","author":"J Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li J, Kong R, Li\u00e9geois R, Orban C, Tan Y, Sun N, et al. Global signal regression strengthens association between resting-state functional connectivity and behavior. NeuroImage. 2019;196:126\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/548644.","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"8115_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7900","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1602413113","volume":"113","author":"A Eklund","year":"2016","unstructured":"Eklund A, Nichols TE, Knutsson H. Cluster failure: Why fMRI inferences for spatial extent have inflated false-positive rates. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2016;113:7900\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1602413113.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"8115_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120037","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.120037","volume":"286","author":"CL Fazekas","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fazekas CL, Bellardie M, T\u00f6r\u00f6k B, Sipos E, T\u00f3th B, Baranyi M, et al. Pharmacogenetic excitation of the median raphe region affects social and depressive-like behavior and core body temperature in male mice. Life Sci. 2021;286:120037. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.120037.","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"8115_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10896","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231810896","volume":"23","author":"LJ German-Ponciano","year":"2022","unstructured":"German-Ponciano LJ, Rosas-S\u00e1nchez GU, Cueto-Escobedo J, Fern\u00e1ndez-Demeneghi R, Guill\u00e9n-Ruiz G, Soria-Fregozo C, et al. Participation of the serotonergic system and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the antidepressant-like effect of flavonoids. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23:10896. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms231810896.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"8115_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2099","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-20504-z","volume":"8","author":"A Belmer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Belmer A, Patkar OL, Lanoue V, Bartlett SE. 5-HT1A receptor-dependent modulation of emotional and neurogenic deficits elicited by prolonged consumption of alcohol. Sci Rep. 2018;8:2099. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-20504-z.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"8115_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1038\/35067550","volume":"2","author":"F Varela","year":"2001","unstructured":"Varela F, Lachaux J-P, Rodriguez E, Martinerie J. The brainweb: phase synchronization and large-scale integration. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2001;2:229\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/35067550.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"8115_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.1.99","volume":"161","author":"M Ballmaier","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ballmaier M, Toga AW, Blanton RE, Sowell ER, Lavretsky H, Peterson J, et al. Anterior cingulate, gyrus rectus, and orbitofrontal abnormalities in elderly depressed patients: an MRI-based parcellation of the prefrontal cortex. Am J Psychiatry. 2004;161:99\u2013108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.1.99.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"8115_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-021-01101-7","volume":"47","author":"DA Pizzagalli","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pizzagalli DA, Roberts AC. Prefrontal cortex and depression. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2022;47:225\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41386-021-01101-7.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"8115_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/s0006-3223(01)01336-1","volume":"51","author":"JD Bremner","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bremner JD, Vythilingam M, Vermetten E, Nazeer A, Adil J, Khan S, et al. Reduced volume of orbitofrontal cortex in major depression. Biol Psychiatry. 2002;51:273\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0006-3223(01)01336-1.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"8115_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2093","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00221.2016","volume":"116","author":"CM Filley","year":"2016","unstructured":"Filley CM, Fields RD. White matter and cognition: making the connection. J Neurophysiol. 2016;116:2093\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jn.00221.2016.","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"8115_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E341","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.220053","volume":"47","author":"F Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang F, Xi C, Liu Z, Deng M, Zhang W, Cao H, et al. Load-dependent inverted U\u2013shaped connectivity of the default mode network in schizophrenia during a working-memory task: evidence from a replication functional MRI study. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2022;47:E341\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1503\/jpn.220053.","journal-title":"J Psychiatry Neurosci"},{"key":"8115_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111917","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2024.111917","volume":"347","author":"H Jeong","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jeong H, Luo T, Kang M, Garvey WF, Blankenau G, Suk J-W, et al. Neuroimaging findings of adolescent depression: a review by the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging. 2025;347:111917. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2024.111917.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging"},{"key":"8115_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1360623","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1360623","volume":"15","author":"L Yao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yao L, Li M-Y, Wang K-C, Liu Y-Z, Zheng H-Z, Zhong Z, et al. Abnormal resting-state functional connectivity of hippocampal subregions in type 2 diabetes mellitus-associated cognitive decline. Front Psychiatry. 2024;15:1360623. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1360623.","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"8115_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-023-01143-z","volume":"52","author":"JR Dugr\u00e9","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dugr\u00e9 JR, Potvin S. Functional connectivity of the nucleus accumbens across variants of callous-unemotional traits: a resting-state fMRI study in children and adolescents. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol. 2024;52:353\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10802-023-01143-z.","journal-title":"Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol"},{"key":"8115_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-023-04693-0","volume":"23","author":"Y Hu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hu Y, Zhao C, Zhao H, Qiao J. Abnormal functional connectivity of the nucleus accumbens subregions mediates the association between anhedonia and major depressive disorder. BMC Psychiatry. 2023;23:282. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-023-04693-0.","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"8115_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2022.103111","volume":"35","author":"Y Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li Y, Zou G, Shao Y, Yao P, Liu J, Zhou S, et al. Sleep discrepancy is associated with alterations in the salience network in patients with insomnia disorder: an EEG-fMRI study. NeuroImage Clin. 2022;35:103111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nicl.2022.103111.","journal-title":"NeuroImage Clin"},{"key":"8115_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.06.035","volume":"92","author":"A Talati","year":"2022","unstructured":"Talati A, Van Dijk MT, Pan L, Hao X, Wang Z, Gameroff M, et al. Putamen structure and function in familial risk for depression: a multimodal imaging study. Biol Psychiatry. 2022;92:932\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.06.035.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"8115_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-023-01784-0","volume":"49","author":"AGP Wakeford","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wakeford AGP, Nye JA, Morin EL, Mun J, Meyer JS, Goodman M, et al. Alterations in adolescent brain serotonin (5HT)1A, 5HT2A, and dopamine (D)2 receptor systems in a nonhuman primate model of early life adversity. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2024;49:1227\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41386-023-01784-0.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"8115_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112062","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2025.112062","volume":"353","author":"Z Houjaije","year":"2025","unstructured":"Houjaije Z, Sch\u00fclke R, Sinke C, Mahmoudi N, Wattjes MP, Kr\u00fcger THC, et al. Increased functional connectivity between motor and arousal brainstem nuclei and sensorimotor cortex in therapy resistant depression. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging. 2025;353:112062. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2025.112062.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging"},{"key":"8115_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.05.029","volume":"103","author":"A Sengupta","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sengupta A, Holmes A. A discrete dorsal raphe to basal amygdala 5-HT circuit calibrates aversive memory. Neuron. 2019;103:489\u2013505. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.05.029. .e7.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"8115_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-025-03488-z","volume":"15","author":"D He","year":"2025","unstructured":"He D, Hao Z, Zhao M, Li M, Hou N, Yu Y, et al. Structural and functional brain abnormal alteration in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A coordinate-based meta-analysis. Transl Psychiatry. 2025;15:269. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41398-025-03488-z.","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"8115_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2008.20024","volume":"20","author":"T Morita","year":"2008","unstructured":"Morita T, Itakura S, Saito DN, Nakashita S, Harada T, Kochiyama T, et al. The Role of the Right Prefrontal Cortex in Self-evaluation of the Face: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. J Cogn Neurosci. 2008;20:342\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/jocn.2008.20024.","journal-title":"J Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"8115_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.12.066","volume":"246","author":"J Geng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Geng J, Yan R, Shi J, Chen Y, Mo Z, Shao J, et al. Altered regional homogeneity in patients with somatic depression: a resting-state fMRI study. J Affect Disord. 2019;246:498\u2013505. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2018.12.066.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"8115_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.08.143","volume":"295","author":"P Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu P, Tu H, Zhang A, Yang C, Liu Z, Lei L, et al. Brain functional alterations in MDD patients with somatic symptoms: a resting-state fMRI study. J Affect Disord. 2021;295:788\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2021.08.143.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"8115_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.007","volume":"17","author":"T Thompson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Thompson T, Correll CU, Gallop K, Vancampfort D, Stubbs B. Is pain perception altered in people with depression? A systematic review and meta-analysis of experimental pain research. J Pain. 2016;17:1257\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.007.","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"8115_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2006.8.2\/hpkapfhammer","volume":"8","author":"H-P Kapfhammer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kapfhammer H-P. Somatic symptoms in depression. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2006;8:227\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31887\/DCNS.2006.8.2\/hpkapfhammer.","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"8115_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13496","volume":"63","author":"L Yoon","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yoon L, Rohrsetzer F, Battel L, An\u00e9s M, Manfro PH, Rohde LA, et al. Reward- and threat\u2010related neural function associated with risk and presence of depression in adolescents: a study using a composite risk score in Brazil. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2022;63:579\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcpp.13496.","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"8115_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e931","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2016.198","volume":"6","author":"JS Yu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yu JS, Xue AY, Redei EE, Bagheri N. A support vector machine model provides an accurate transcript-level-based diagnostic for major depressive disorder. Transl Psychiatry. 2016;6:e931. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/tp.2016.198.","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["BMC Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12888-026-08115-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12888-026-08115-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12888-026-08115-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T14:03:14Z","timestamp":1780927394000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12888-026-08115-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["8115"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-026-08115-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-244X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-244X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study strictly adhered to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki and was formally approved by the Ethics Committee of Suzhou Guangji Hospital (Approval No. Su Guanglun Audit No. 2019-054). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants and their legal guardians after a full explanation of the study aims and procedures.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"452"}}