{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T03:48:28Z","timestamp":1790048908308,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,21]],"date-time":"2015-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1442793600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-2258-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,21]],"date-time":"2015-09-21T11:54:43Z","timestamp":1442836483000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Prevalence of hypertension and its treatment among adults presenting to primary health clinics in rural Zambia: analysis of an observational database"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Lily D.","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin H.","family":"Chi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ntazana","family":"Sindano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Bosomprah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey SA","family":"Stringer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roma","family":"Chilengi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9841","key":"2258_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60861-7","volume":"380","author":"MM Ibrahim","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ibrahim MM, Damasceno A. Hypertension in developing countries. Lancet. 2012;380(9841):611\u20139.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"14","key":"2258_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1109345","volume":"369","author":"DJ Hunter","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hunter DJ, Reddy KS. Noncommunicable diseases. N Engl J Med. 2013;369(14):1336\u201343.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"22","key":"2258_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2014-306026","volume":"100","author":"BR Nascimento","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nascimento BR, Brant LC, Moraes DN, Ribeiro AL. Global health and cardiovascular disease. Heart. 2014;100(22):1743\u20139.","journal-title":"Heart"},{"issue":"22","key":"2258_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2746","DOI":"10.1161\/hc4601.099487","volume":"104","author":"S Yusuf","year":"2001","unstructured":"Yusuf S, Reddy S, \u00d4unpuu S, Anand S. Global burden of cardiovascular diseases part I: general considerations, the epidemiologic transition, risk factors, and impact of urbanization. Circulation. 2001;104(22):2746\u201353.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2258_CR5","volume-title":"The world health report 2002: reducing risks, promoting healthy life","author":"WHO","year":"2002","unstructured":"WHO. The world health report 2002: reducing risks, promoting healthy life. Geneva: WHO; 2002."},{"issue":"9438","key":"2258_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)17018-9","volume":"364","author":"S Yusuf","year":"2004","unstructured":"Yusuf S, Hawken S, \u00d4unpuu S, Dans T, Avezum A, Lanas F, et al. Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case\u2013control study. Lancet. 2004;364(9438):937\u201352.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"2258_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2013.09.019","volume":"56","author":"A Moran","year":"2013","unstructured":"Moran A, Forouzanfar M, Sampson U, Chugh S, Feigin V, Mensah G. The epidemiology of cardiovascular diseases in sub-Saharan Africa: the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries and Risk Factors 2010 Study. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2013;56(3):234\u20139. doi:\n                    10.1016\/j.pcad.2013.09.019\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"2258_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2012.11.065","volume":"168","author":"S Khatibzadeh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Khatibzadeh S, Farzadfar F, Oliver J, Ezzati M, Moran A. Worldwide risk factors for heart failure: a systematic review and pooled analysis. Int J Cardiol. 2013;168(2):1186\u201394. doi:\n                    10.1016\/j.ijcard.2012.11.065\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"2258_CR9","volume-title":"WHO STEPS surveillance manual: The WHO STEPwise approach to chronic disease risk factor surveillance","author":"WHO","year":"2008","unstructured":"WHO. WHO STEPS surveillance manual: The WHO STEPwise approach to chronic disease risk factor surveillance. Genevax: Geneva; 2008."},{"key":"2258_CR10","unstructured":"WHO Global Health Observatory: Noncommunicable Diseases [database on the Internet]. WHO. 2012. Available from: \n                    http:\/\/www.who.int\/gho\/ncd\/en\/\n                    \n                  . Accessed: April 25 2015"},{"key":"2258_CR11","volume-title":"Noncommunicable Diseases Country Profiles: Zambia","author":"WHO","year":"2014","unstructured":"WHO. Noncommunicable Diseases Country Profiles: Zambia. Geneva: WHO; 2014."},{"issue":"3","key":"2258_CR12","first-page":"2345","volume":"13","author":"D Mulenga","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mulenga D, Siziya S, Rudatsikira E, Mukonka VM, Babaniyi O, Songolo P, et al. District specific correlates for hypertension in Kaoma and Kasama rural districts of Zambia. Rural Remote Health. 2013;13(3):2345.","journal-title":"Rural Remote Health"},{"key":"2258_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/1755-7682-4-34","volume":"4","author":"FM Goma","year":"2011","unstructured":"Goma FM, Nzala SH, Babaniyi O, Songolo P, Zyaambo C, Rudatsikira E, et al. Prevalence of hypertension and its correlates in Lusaka urban district of Zambia: a population based survey. Int Arch Med. 2011;4:34. doi:\n                    10.1186\/1755-7682-4-34\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Int Arch Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2258_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.093336","volume":"50","author":"J Addo","year":"2007","unstructured":"Addo J, Smeeth L, Leon DA. Hypertension in sub-saharan Africa: a systematic review. Hypertension. 2007;50(6):1012\u20138. doi:\n                    10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.093336\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2258_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2261-13-54","volume":"13","author":"J Kayima","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kayima J, Wanyenze RK, Katamba A, Leontsini E, Nuwaha F. Hypertension awareness, treatment and control in Africa: a systematic review. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2013;13:54. doi:\n                    10.1186\/1471-2261-13-54\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"issue":"9246","key":"2258_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)03307-9","volume":"356","author":"Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists\u2019 Collaboration","year":"2000","unstructured":"Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists\u2019 Collaboration. Effects of ACE inhibitors, calcium antagonists, and other blood-pressure-lowering drugs: results of prospectively designed overviews of randomised trials. Lancet. 2000;356(9246):1955\u201364.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"2258_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S7","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-13-S2-S7","volume":"13","author":"J Stringer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Stringer J, Chisembele-Taylor A, Chibwesha C, Chi H, Ayles H, Manda H, et al. Protocol-driven primary care and community linkages to improve population health in rural Zambia: the Better Health Outcomes through Mentoring and Assessment (BHOMA) project. BMC Health Serv Res. 2013;13 Suppl 2:S7.","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"2258_CR18","volume-title":"Zambia: Country Health Profile","author":"WHO","year":"2014","unstructured":"WHO. Zambia: Country Health Profile. Geneva: WHO; 2014."},{"issue":"8","key":"2258_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1089\/tmj.2013.0240","volume":"20","author":"L Schuttner","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schuttner L, Sindano N, Theis M, Zue C, Joseph J, Chilengi R, et al. A Mobile Phone-Based, Community Health Worker Program for Referral, Follow-Up, and Service Outreach in Rural Zambia: Outcomes and Overview. Telemed J E Health. 2014;20(8):721\u20138.","journal-title":"Telemed J E Health"},{"key":"2258_CR20","volume-title":"Age Standardization of Rates: A New WHO Standard","author":"O Ahmad","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ahmad O, Boschi-Pinto C, Lopez A, Murray C, Lozano R, Inoue M. Age Standardization of Rates: A New WHO Standard. Geneva: WHO 2011. Available from: \n                    www.who.int\/healthinfo\/paper31.pdf\n                    \n                  . Accessed 25 April 2015."},{"issue":"10","key":"2258_CR21","first-page":"1372","volume":"87","author":"JA Matenga","year":"1997","unstructured":"Matenga JA, Allain TJ, Wilson AO, Adamchak DJ, Senzanje B, Mushangi E, et al. Hypertension management in Zimbabwe--awareness, treatment and blood pressure control. A community-based study. S Afr Med J. 1997;87(10):1372\u20133.","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"issue":"12","key":"2258_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1038\/jhh.2010.14","volume":"24","author":"SS Ramirez de","year":"2010","unstructured":"de Ramirez SS, Enquobahrie D, Nyadzi G, Mjungu D, Magombo F, Ramirez M, et al. Prevalence and correlates of hypertension: a cross-sectional study among rural populations in sub-Saharan Africa. J Hum Hypertens. 2010;24(12):786\u201395.","journal-title":"J Hum Hypertens"},{"issue":"5","key":"2258_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e62469","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0062469","volume":"8","author":"H Wang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wang H, Zhang X, Zhang J, He Q, Hu R, Wang L, et al. Factors associated with prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension among adults in Southern China: a community-based, cross-sectional survey. PLoS One. 2013;8(5):e62469.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"7","key":"2258_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e328347f79e","volume":"29","author":"X-J Meng","year":"2011","unstructured":"Meng X-J, Dong G-H, Wang D, Liu M-M, Lin Q, Tian S, et al. Prevalence, awareness, treatment, control, and risk factors associated with hypertension in urban adults from 33 communities of China: the CHPSNE study. J Hypertens. 2011;29(7):1303\u201310.","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"issue":"5","key":"2258_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-006-0080-1","volume":"8","author":"MS Ashraf","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ashraf MS, Vongpatanasin W. Estrogen and hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2006;8(5):368\u201376.","journal-title":"Curr Hypertens Rep"},{"key":"2258_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.2174\/1874434601206010117","volume":"6","author":"E Mufunda","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mufunda E, Albin B, Hjelm K. Differences in health and illness beliefs in Zimbabwean men and women with diabetes. Open J Nurs. 2012;6:117.","journal-title":"Open J Nurs"},{"issue":"4","key":"2258_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1466-7657.2008.00665.x","volume":"55","author":"K Hjelm","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hjelm K, Nambozi G. Beliefs about health and illness: a comparison between Ugandan men and women living with diabetes mellitus. Int Nurs Rev. 2008;55(4):434\u201341.","journal-title":"Int Nurs Rev"},{"key":"2258_CR28","volume-title":"Zambia Demographic and Health Survey 2007","author":"Central Statistical Office (CSO), Ministry of Health (MOH), Tropical Diseases Research Centre (TDRC), University of Zambia, and Macro International Inc","year":"2009","unstructured":"Central Statistical Office (CSO), Ministry of Health (MOH), Tropical Diseases Research Centre (TDRC), University of Zambia, and Macro International Inc. Zambia Demographic and Health Survey 2007. Calverton, Maryland, USA: CSO and Macro International Inc; 2009."},{"key":"2258_CR29","volume-title":"Standard Treatment Guidelines, Essential Medicines List, Essential Laboratory Supplies for Zambia","author":"Ministry of Health Zambia National Formulary Committee","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ministry of Health Zambia National Formulary Committee. Standard Treatment Guidelines, Essential Medicines List, Essential Laboratory Supplies for Zambia. 2nd ed. Lusaka, Zambia: Zambia Ministry of Health; 2008.","edition":"2"},{"issue":"5","key":"2258_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.284427","volume":"311","author":"PA James","year":"2014","unstructured":"James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, Cushman WC, Dennison-Himmelfarb C, Handler J, et al. 2014 evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members appointed to the eighth joint national committee (JNC 8). JAMA. 2014;311(5):507\u201320. doi:\n                    10.1001\/jama.2013.284427\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2258_CR31","volume-title":"National Health Strategic Plan 2011\u20132015","author":"Ministry of Health Zambia","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ministry of Health Zambia. National Health Strategic Plan 2011\u20132015. Lusaka, Zambia: Government of Zambia; 2010."},{"issue":"1","key":"2258_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000000065","volume":"32","author":"MA Weber","year":"2014","unstructured":"Weber MA, Schiffrin EL, White WB, Mann S, Lindholm LH, Kenerson JG, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of hypertension in the community: a statement by the American Society of Hypertension and the International Society of Hypertension. J Hypertens. 2014;32(1):3\u201315. doi:\n                    10.1097\/HJH.0000000000000065\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"issue":"1","key":"2258_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.26.1.13","volume":"26","author":"TA Gaziano","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gaziano TA. Reducing the growing burden of cardiovascular disease in the developing world. Health Aff (Millwood). 2007;26(1):13\u201324.","journal-title":"Health Aff (Millwood)"},{"issue":"8","key":"2258_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e3282861fd3","volume":"25","author":"S Mendis","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mendis S, Lindholm LH, Mancia G, Whitworth J, Alderman M, Lim S, et al. World Health Organization (WHO) and International Society of Hypertension (ISH) risk prediction charts: assessment of cardiovascular risk for prevention and control of cardiovascular disease in low and middle-income countries. J Hypertens. 2007;25(8):1578\u201382.","journal-title":"J Hypertens"}],"container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-015-2258-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12889-015-2258-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-015-2258-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,23]],"date-time":"2016-11-23T01:35:16Z","timestamp":1479864916000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12889-015-2258-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,21]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2258"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-015-2258-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2458"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2458","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,21]]},"article-number":"933"}}