{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T00:08:34Z","timestamp":1769818114396,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,5]],"date-time":"2018-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1528156800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-5604-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,5]],"date-time":"2018-06-05T13:17:37Z","timestamp":1528204657000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Suubi4Her: a study protocol to examine the impact and cost associated with a combination intervention to prevent HIV risk behavior and improve mental health functioning among adolescent girls in Uganda"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Fred M.","family":"Ssewamala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura Gauer","family":"Bermudez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Torsten B.","family":"Neilands","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claude A.","family":"Mellins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary M.","family":"McKay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irv","family":"Garfinkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ozge","family":"Sensoy Bahar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gertrude","family":"Nakigozi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Mukasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lindsay","family":"Stark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Damulira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Nattabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Apollo","family":"Kivumbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"5604_CR1","unstructured":"UNAIDS. The gap report [internet]. UNAIDS; 2014. Available from: http:\/\/www.unaids.org\/en\/resources\/documents\/2014\/20140716_UNAIDS_gap_report . Accessed 16 Nov. 2017."},{"key":"5604_CR2","volume-title":"Adolescents and young people. UNICEF","author":"UNICEF","year":"2017","unstructured":"UNICEF. Turning the tide against AIDS will require more concentrated focus on adolescents and young people [internet]. In: Adolescents and young people. UNICEF; 2017. https:\/\/data.unicef.org\/topic\/hivaids\/adolescents-young-people."},{"key":"5604_CR3","volume-title":"Assets and the poor: a new American welfare policy","author":"M Sherraden","year":"1991","unstructured":"Sherraden M. Assets and the poor: a new American welfare policy. Armonk, NY: ME Sharpe; 1991."},{"issue":"4","key":"5604_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1086\/603797","volume":"64","author":"M Sherraden","year":"1990","unstructured":"Sherraden M. Stakeholding: notes on a theory of welfare based on assets. Soc Serv Rev. 1990;64(4):580\u2013601.","journal-title":"Soc Serv Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"5604_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2010.08.007","volume":"48","author":"H Cho","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cho H, Hallfors DD, Mbai II, Itindi J, Milimo BW, Halpern CT, Iritani BJ. Keeping adolescent orphans in school to prevent human immunodeficiency virus infection: evidence from a randomized controlled trial in Kenya. J Adolesc Health. 2011;48(5):523\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2010.08.007 . PMID:21501814","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"key":"5604_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S51","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200108004-00006","volume":"15","author":"JR Glynn","year":"2001","unstructured":"Glynn JR, Cara\u00ebl M, Auvert B, Kahindo M, Chege J, Musonda R, Kaona F, Buv\u00e9 A, et al. Why do young women have a much higher prevalence of HIV than young men? A study in Kisumu, Kenya and Ndola, Zambia. AIDS. 2001;15:S51\u201360. PMID: 11686466","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"Supplement 3","key":"5604_CR7","first-page":"S85","volume":"14","author":"S Gregson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gregson S, Garnett GP. Contrasting gender differentials in HIV-prevalence and associated mortality increase in eastern and southern Africa: Artifact of data or natural course of epidemics. AIDS. 2000;14(Supplement 3):S85\u201399. PMID:11086852","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"6","key":"5604_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2010.300042","volume":"101","author":"D Hallfors","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hallfors D, Cho H, Rusakaniko S, Iritani B, Mapfumo J, Halpern C. Supporting adolescent orphan girls to stay in school as HIV risk prevention: evidence from a randomized controlled trial in Zimbabwe. Am J Public Health. 2011;101(6):1082\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/AJPH.2010.300042 . PMID: 21493943","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"5604_CR9","unstructured":"Hargreaves J & Boler T. Girl Power. The impact of girls' education on HIV and sexual behavior [Internet]. ActionAid International; 2006. Available from: https:\/\/www.actionaid.org.uk\/sites\/default\/files\/doc_lib\/girl_power_2006.pdf . Accessed 17 Nov. 2017."},{"issue":"2","key":"5604_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2010.507736","volume":"23","author":"AM Nobelius","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nobelius AM, Kalina B, Pool R, Whitworth J, Chesters J, Power R. Sexual partner types and related sexual health risk among out-of-school adolescents in rural south- West Uganda. AIDS Care. 2011;23(2):252\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09540121 . PMID: 21259139","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"5604_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyn131","volume":"37","author":"AE Pettifor","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pettifor AE, Levandowski BA, Macphail C, Padian NS, Cohen MS, Rees HV. Keep them in school: the importance of education as a protective factor against HIV infection among young South African women. International Journal of Epidemiology. 2008;37(6):1266\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09540121.2010.507736 . PMID: 18614609 PMCID: PMC2734068","journal-title":"International Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"5604_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gunn JK, Roth AM, Center KE & Wiehe SE. Gunn JK, Roth AM, Center KE, Wiehe SE. The unanticipated benefits of behavioral assessments and interviews on anxiety, self-esteem and depression among women engaging in transactional sex. Community Ment Health J 2016;52(8):1064\u20131069. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10597-015-9844-x ; PMID: 25712538.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10597-015-9844-x"},{"issue":"1","key":"5604_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1363\/48e8316","volume":"48","author":"A Meier","year":"2016","unstructured":"Meier A, Erickson GA, McLaughlin H. Older sexual partners and adolescent females\u2019 mental health. Perspect Sex Reprod Health. 2016;48(1):25\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1363\/48e8316 . PMID:26918326","journal-title":"Perspect Sex Reprod Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"5604_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1080\/17450128.2016.1198854","volume":"11","author":"B Barhafumwa","year":"2016","unstructured":"Barhafumwa B, Dietrich J, Closson K, Samji H, Cescon A, Nkala B, Davis J, Hogg RS, et al. High prevalence of depression symptomology among adolescents in Soweto, South Africa associated with being female and cofactors relating to HIV transmission. Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies. 2016;11(3):263\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17450128.2016.1198854 .","journal-title":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies"},{"key":"5604_CR15","unstructured":"Agbor J. Poverty, inequality and Africa's education crisis [Internet]. Brookings; 2012. Available from: https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/opinions\/poverty-inequality-and-africas-education-crisis\/ . Accessed 16 Nov. 2017. UNICEF & The World Bank. (2009)."},{"key":"5604_CR16","unstructured":"The World Bank. Abolishing school fees in Africa: Lessons from Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi and Mozambique [Internet]. World Bank; 2009. Available from: http:\/\/documents.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/780521468250868445\/Abolishing-school-fees-in-Africa-lessons-from-Ethiopia-Ghana-Kenya-Malawi-and-Mozambique . Accessed 16 Nov. 2017."},{"issue":"1","key":"5604_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/S0738-0593(99)00046-2","volume":"20","author":"C Colclough","year":"2000","unstructured":"Colclough C, Rose P, Tembon M. Gender inequalities in primary schooling: the roles of poverty and adverse cultural practice. Int J Educ Dev. 2000;20(1):50\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0738-0e593(99)00046-2 .","journal-title":"Int J Educ Dev"},{"key":"5604_CR18","first-page":"114","volume":"3\u20134","author":"V Ombati","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ombati V, Ombati M. Gender inequality in education in sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of Women's Entrepreneurship and Education. 2012;3\u20134:114\u201336.","journal-title":"Journal of Women's Entrepreneurship and Education"},{"issue":"5","key":"5604_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijedudev.2010.11.001","volume":"31","author":"FM Ssewamala","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ssewamala FM, Wang JSH, Karimli L, Nabunya P. Strengthening universal primary education in Uganda: the potential role of an asset-based development policy. Int J Educ Dev. 2011;31(5):472\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijedudev.2010.11.001 .","journal-title":"Int J Educ Dev"},{"issue":"4","key":"5604_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2009.08.010","volume":"46","author":"FM Ssewamala","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ssewamala FM, Ismayilova L, McKay M, Sperber E, Bannon W Jr, Alicea S. Gender and the effects of an economic empowerment program on attitudes toward sexual risk-taking among AIDS-orphaned adolescent youth in Uganda. J Adolesc Health. 2010;46(4):372\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2009.08.010 . PMID:20307827","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"key":"5604_CR21","unstructured":"UNESCO. New global educatioen goals must prioritize girls. Education for all global monitoring report [Internet]. UNESCO; 2014. Available from: http:\/\/www.unesco.org\/new\/en\/media-services\/single-%20view\/news\/new_global_education_goals_must_prioritize_girls\/#.Vnl3dvkrJph . Accessed 16 Nov. 2017."},{"issue":"4","key":"5604_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S41","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000341776.71253.04","volume":"22","author":"M Jukes","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jukes M, Simmons S, Bundy D. Education and vulnerability: the role of schools in protecting young women and girls from HIV in southern Africa. AIDS. 2008;22(4):S41\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.aids.0000341776.71253.04 . PMID: 19033754","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"5604_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2014.07.018","volume":"44","author":"P Nabunya","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nabunya P, Ssewamala FM, Ilic V. Family economic strengthening and parenting stress among caregivers of AIDS-orphaned children: results from a cluster randomized clinical trial in Uganda. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2014;44:417\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.childyouth.2014.07.018 . PMID: 25136142","journal-title":"Child Youth Serv Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"5604_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2011.06.008","volume":"50","author":"L Ismayilova","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ismayilova L, Ssewamala FM, Karimli L. Family support as a mediator of change in sexual risk-taking attitudes among orphaned adolescents in rural Uganda. The Journal of Adolescent Health. 2012;50(3):228\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2011.06.008 . PMID: 22325127; PMCID: PMC3279703","journal-title":"The Journal of Adolescent Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"5604_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2010.07.013","volume":"32","author":"FM Ssewamala","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ssewamala FM, Karimli L, Chang-Keun H, Ismayilova L. Social capital, savings, and educational performance of orphaned adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2010;32(12):1704\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.childyouth.2010.07.013 .","journal-title":"Child Youth Serv Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"5604_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/S1054-139X(02)00350-6","volume":"31","author":"C McNeely","year":"2002","unstructured":"McNeely C, Shew ML, Beuhring T, Sieving R, Miller BC, Blum RW. Mothers\u2019 influence on the timing of first sex among 14-and 15-year-olds. J Adolesc Health. 2002;31(3):256\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1054-139X(02)00350-6 . PMID:12225738","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"5604_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03550100049038","volume":"278","author":"MD Resnick","year":"1997","unstructured":"Resnick MD, Bearman PS, Blum RW, Bauman KE, Harris KM, Jones J, Tabor J, Beuhring T, et al. Protecting adolescents from harm: findings from the national longitudinal study on adolescent health. JAMA. 1997;278(10):823\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.1997.03550100049038 . PMID:9293990","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"6","key":"5604_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1556-6676.1994.tb01691.x","volume":"72","author":"M Amerikaner","year":"1994","unstructured":"Amerikaner M, Monks G, Wolfe P, Thomas S. Family interaction and individual psychological health. J Couns Dev. 1994;72(6):614\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/j.1556-6676.1994.tb01691.x .","journal-title":"J Couns Dev"},{"key":"5604_CR29","volume-title":"Sex education in Walker CE, Roberts MC (eds). Handbook of clinical child psychology. 3rd ed","author":"M Klein","year":"2001","unstructured":"Klein M, Gordon S. Sex education in Walker CE, Roberts MC (eds). Handbook of clinical child psychology. 3rd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2001."},{"issue":"1","key":"5604_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-3200.13.1.93","volume":"13","author":"BA Kotchick","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kotchick BA, Dorsey S, Miller KS, Forehand R. Adolescent sexual risk-taking behavior in single-parent ethnic minority families. J Fam Psychol. 1999;13(1):93\u2013102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0893-3200.13.1.93 .","journal-title":"J Fam Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5604_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.2307\/353885","volume":"61","author":"KS Miller","year":"1999","unstructured":"Miller KS, Forehand R, Kotchick BA. Adolescent sexual behavior in two ethnic minority samples: the role of family variables. J Marriage Fam. 1999;61(1):85\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/353885 .","journal-title":"J Marriage Fam"},{"issue":"2","key":"5604_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.44.2.249","volume":"44","author":"J Brooks-Gunn","year":"1989","unstructured":"Brooks-Gunn J, Furstenberg FF Jr. Adolescent sexual behavior. Am Psychol. 1989;44(2):249\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0003-066X.44.2.249 .","journal-title":"Am Psychol"},{"key":"5604_CR33","unstructured":"The Republic of Uganda. The HIV and AIDS Uganda Country Progress Report [Internet]. The Republic of Uganda; 2014. Available from: http:\/\/www.unaids.org\/sites\/default\/files\/country\/documents\/UGA_narrative_report_2015.pdf . Accessed 16 Nov. 2017."},{"key":"5604_CR34","unstructured":"UNAIDS, UNICEF. UNICEF Annu Rep, Uganda [Internet]. UNAIDS, UNICEF; 2014. Available from: https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Uganda_2.pdf . Accessed 16 Nov. 2017."},{"issue":"4","key":"5604_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2005.02.005","volume":"26","author":"SL Bellamy","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bellamy SL. A dynamic block-randomization algorithm for group-randomized clinical trials when the composition of blocking factors is not known in advance. Contemporary Clinical Trials. 2005;26(4):469\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cct.2005.02.005 . PMID:16054579","journal-title":"Contemporary Clinical Trials"},{"issue":"2","key":"5604_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1177\/1090198104263660","volume":"31","author":"A Bandura","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bandura A. Health promotion by social cognitive means. Health Educ Behav. 2004 Apr;31(2):143\u201364.","journal-title":"Health Educ Behav"},{"issue":"3","key":"5604_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.14.3.255","volume":"14","author":"WA Fisher","year":"1995","unstructured":"Fisher WA, Fisher JD, Rye BJ. Understanding and promoting AIDS-preventive behavior: insights from the theory of reasoned action. Health Psychol. 1995;14(3):255.","journal-title":"Health Psychol"},{"key":"5604_CR38","volume-title":"A multiple family group therapy program for at risk adolescents and their families","author":"ST Dennison","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dennison ST. A multiple family group therapy program for at risk adolescents and their families. 1st ed. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C Thomas Publisher; 2005.","edition":"1"},{"issue":"3","key":"5604_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/s40609-014-0023-8","volume":"1","author":"CA Mellins","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mellins CA, Nestadt D, Bhana A, Petersen I, Abrams EJ, Alicea S, Holst H, Myeza N, John S, Small L, McKay M. Adapting evidence-based interventions to meet the needs of adolescents growing up with HIV in South Africa: the VUKA case example. Global Social Welfare. 2014;1(3):97\u2013110.","journal-title":"Global Social Welfare"},{"issue":"4","key":"5604_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1300\/J009v18n04_04","volume":"18","author":"MM McKay","year":"1995","unstructured":"McKay MM, Gonzales JJ, Stone S, Ryland D, Kohner K. Multiple family therapy groups: a responsive intervention model for inner city families. Social Work with Groups. 1995;18(4):41\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1300\/J009v18n04_04 .","journal-title":"Social Work with Groups"},{"issue":"2","key":"5604_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1177\/1066480702102007","volume":"10","author":"MK Keiley","year":"2002","unstructured":"Keiley MK. The development and implementation of an affect regulation and attachment intervention for incarcerated adolescents and their parents. Fam J. 2002;10(2):177\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1066480702102007 .","journal-title":"Fam J"},{"issue":"3","key":"5604_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1019902902119","volume":"3","author":"KL Kumpfer","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kumpfer KL, Alvarado R, Smith P, Bellamy N. Cultural sensitivity and adaptation in family-based prevention interventions. Prev Sci. 2002;3(3):241\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/A:1019902902119 . PMID:12387558","journal-title":"Prev Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"5604_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.105.1.116","volume":"105","author":"RG Wahler","year":"1989","unstructured":"Wahler RG, Dumas JE. Attentional problems in dysfunctional mother-child interactions: an interbehavioral model. Psychol Bull. 1989;105(1):116\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-2909.105.1.116 ; PMID:2648437","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"issue":"8","key":"5604_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.20610","volume":"65","author":"TC Jewell","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jewell TC, Downing D, McFarlane WR. Partnering with families: multiple family group psychoeducation for schizophrenia. J Clin Psychol. 2009;65(8):868\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jclp.20610 ; PMID: 19530233.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychol"},{"key":"5604_CR45","unstructured":"UNESCO, UNFPA. Sexuality education: A ten-country review of school curricula in East and Southern Africa [Internet]. UNESCO, UNFPA; 2012. Available from: http:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/images\/0022\/002211\/221121e.pdf . Accessed 16 Nov. 2017."},{"key":"5604_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781584888178","volume-title":"Cluster randomized trials.1st ed. Boca Raton","author":"R Hayes","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hayes R, Moulton LH. Cluster randomized trials.1st ed. Boca Raton. Florida: CRC Press; 2009."},{"issue":"2","key":"5604_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2003.007625","volume":"80","author":"RA Crosby","year":"2004","unstructured":"Crosby RA, Rothenberg R. In STI interventions, size matters. Sex Transm Infect. 2004;80(2):82\u20135.","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"issue":"6","key":"5604_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e31828b2f77","volume":"40","author":"MF Gallo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gallo MF, Steiner MJ, Hobbs MM, Warner L, Jamieson DJ, Macaluso M. Biological markers of sexual activity: tools for improving measurement in HIV\/sexually transmitted infection prevention research. Sex Transm Dis. 2013;40(6):447\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e31828b2f77 ; PMID: 23677018.","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"5604_CR49","volume-title":"Timeline Followback (TLFB) User's manual","author":"LC Sobell","year":"1994","unstructured":"Sobell LC, Sobell MB. Timeline Followback (TLFB) User's manual. Toronto: Addiction Research Foundation; 1994."},{"issue":"6","key":"5604_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1037\/h0037562","volume":"42","author":"AT Beck","year":"1974","unstructured":"Beck AT, Weissman A, Lester D, Trexler L. The measurement of pessimism: the hopelessness scale. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1974;42(6):861\u20135. 4436473","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"5604_CR51","volume-title":"Tennessee self concept scale","author":"WH Fitts","year":"1964","unstructured":"Fitts WH, Roid GH. Tennessee self concept scale. Nashville, TN: Counselor Recordings and Tests; 1964."},{"key":"5604_CR52","volume-title":"The child depression inventory (CDI)","author":"M Kovacs","year":"1992","unstructured":"Kovacs M. The child depression inventory (CDI). North Tonawanda, NY: Multi-Health Systems, Inc; 1992."},{"issue":"4","key":"5604_CR53","first-page":"340","volume":"5","author":"SR Levy","year":"1993","unstructured":"Levy SR, Lampman C, Handle A. Young adolescent attitudes towards sex and substance abuse: implications for AIDS prevention. AIDS Educ Prev. 1993;5(4):340\u201351. 19207597","journal-title":"AIDS Educ Prev"},{"issue":"2","key":"5604_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00919279","volume":"15","author":"A Vaux","year":"1987","unstructured":"Vaux A, Riedel S, Stewart D. Modes of social support: the social support behaviors (SS-B) scale. Am J Community Psychol. 1987;15(2):210\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00919279.","journal-title":"Am J Community Psychol"},{"key":"5604_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nabunya P, Ssewamala FM. The effects of parental loss on the psychosocial wellbeing of AIDS-orphaned children living in AIDS-impacted communities: does gender matter?. Child Youth Serv Rev 2014;43 Suppl C:131\u20137. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.childyouth.2014.05.011 ; PMID:25067869.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2014.05.011"},{"key":"5604_CR56","volume-title":"Calm down, Mom, let\u2019s talk about sex, drugs, and HIV: 10\u201313 year old girls prescription for HIV Preventieon Conversations in their high HIV seroprevalence neighborhood","author":"BJ Krauss","year":"1995","unstructured":"Krauss BJ. Calm down, Mom, let\u2019s talk about sex, drugs, and HIV: 10\u201313 year old girls prescription for HIV Preventieon Conversations in their high HIV seroprevalence neighborhood. Washington DC: Paper presented at the HIV Infection in Women Conference; 1995."},{"key":"5604_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gerard AB. Parent-child relationship inventory (PCRI). 1st ed. Los Angeles: western. Psychol Serv. 1994;","DOI":"10.1037\/t81731-000"},{"key":"5604_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosenberg M. Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSE) [Internet]. Acceptance and commitment therapy. Measures package, 61; 1965. Available from: http:\/\/fetzer.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/stories\/pdf\/selfmeasures\/Self_Measures_for_Self-Esteem_ROSENBERG_SELF-ESTEEM.pdf Accessed 16 Nov. 2017.","DOI":"10.1037\/t01038-000"},{"key":"5604_CR59","unstructured":"Nanda G. Compendium of gender scales [internet]. Nanda G.; 2011. Available from: https:\/\/www.c-changeprogram.org\/content\/gender-scales-compendium\/pdfs\/C-Change_Gender_Scales_Compendium.pdf . Accessed 16 Nov. 2017."},{"issue":"1","key":"5604_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(98)00027-0","volume":"15","author":"GM Wingood","year":"1998","unstructured":"Wingood GM, DiClemente RJ. The influence of psychosocial factors, alcohol, drug use on African-American women\u2019s high-risk sexual behavior. Am J Prev Med. 1998;15(1):54\u20139. 9651639","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"5604_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa5201_2","volume":"52","author":"GD Zimet","year":"1988","unstructured":"Zimet GD, Dahlem NW, Zimet SG, Farley GK. The multidimensional scale of perceived social support. J Pers Assess. 1988;52(1):30\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/s15327752jpa5201_2 .","journal-title":"J Pers Assess"},{"key":"5604_CR62","unstructured":"Microfinance Opportunities. Global financial education program [internet]. Microfinance Opportunities; 2002. Available from: https:\/\/www.microfinanceopportunities.org\/4-work-with-us\/mfo-in-the-field\/project-list\/fecc\/ . Accessed 16 Nov. 2017."},{"key":"5604_CR63","unstructured":"National Institute on Drug Abuse. Risk behavior assessment, 3rd ed. [Internet]. National Institute on Drug Abuse; 1993. Retrieved from http:\/\/bit.ly\/RBA_inst ."}],"container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-018-5604-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12889-018-5604-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-018-5604-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]],"date-time":"2022-08-25T01:43:42Z","timestamp":1661391822000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12889-018-5604-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,5]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5604"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-018-5604-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2458"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2458","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 December 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 May 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 June 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"All study procedures were approved by the Washington University in St. Louis Review Board (#201703102) and by in-country local IRBs in Uganda: Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI \u2013 GC\/127\/17\/07\/619)), and Uganda National Council of Science and Technology (UNCST \u2013 SS4406). Written informed assent and consent will be obtained from adolescent participants and their caregivers, respectively, as part of study registration.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"693"}}