{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T07:12:53Z","timestamp":1793085173382,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,18]],"date-time":"2019-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563408000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,18]],"date-time":"2019-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-7204-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,18]],"date-time":"2019-07-18T11:02:54Z","timestamp":1563447774000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Bridging barriers to advance multisector approaches to improve food security, nutrition and population health in Nepal: transdisciplinary perspectives"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5085-5758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Santosh","family":"Gaihre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet","family":"Kyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean","family":"Semple","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debbi","family":"Marais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madhu","family":"Subedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"7204_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1590\/S1415-52732008000700014","volume":"21","author":"DD Rose","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rose DD. Interventions to reduce household food insecurity: a synthesis of current concepts and approaches for Latin America. Rev Nutr Campinas. 2008;21:159\u201373.","journal-title":"Rev Nutr Campinas"},{"key":"7204_CR2","unstructured":"Food and Agriculture Organisation. The state of food insecurity in the world: strengthening the enabling environment for food security and nutrition, UN Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO), Rome, 2014. Available from: http:\/\/www.fao.org\/3\/a-i4030e.pdf . Accessed 28 Jan 2017."},{"key":"7204_CR3","unstructured":"The Economist Group. Global Food security index 2015: An annual measure of the state of global food security. The Economist Group, London, 2015. Available from: http:\/\/foodsecurityindex.eiu.com\/ . Accessed 28 Jan 2017."},{"key":"7204_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.01109481","volume":"109","author":"M Ezzati","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ezzati M, Kammen DM. Quantifying the effects of exposure to indoor air pollution from biomass combustion on acute respiratory infections in developing countries. Environmen Health Persp. 2001;109:481\u20138.","journal-title":"Environmen Health Persp"},{"key":"7204_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2010.144717","volume":"66","author":"OP Kurmi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kurmi OP, Gaihre S, Semple S, Ayres JG. Acute exposure to biomass smoke causes oxygen desaturation in adult women. Thorax. 2011;66:724\u20135.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"7204_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2224","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61766-8","volume":"380","author":"SS Lim","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lim SS, Vos T, Flaxman AD, Danaei G, Shibuya K, Adair-Rohani H, et al. A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2010. Lancet. 2012;380:2224\u201360.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"7204_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2008.05.005","volume":"35","author":"F Kessel","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kessel F, Rosenfield PL. Towards transdisciplinary research: historical and contemporary perspectives. Am J Prev Med. 2008;35(2):225\u201334.","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"7204_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"d8222","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d8222","volume":"344","author":"E Masset","year":"2012","unstructured":"Masset E, Haddad L, Cornelius A, Isaza-Castro J. Effectiveness of agricultural interventions that aim to improve nutritional status of children: systematic review. Brit Med J. 2012;344:d8222.","journal-title":"Brit Med J"},{"key":"7204_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1079\/PHN2003595","volume":"7","author":"PR Berti","year":"2004","unstructured":"Berti PR, Krasevec J, FitzGerald S. A review of the effectiveness of agriculture interventions in improving nutrition outcomes. Public Health Nutr. 2004;7:599\u2013609.","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"7204_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-3731-4","volume":"16","author":"S Gaihre","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gaihre S, Kyle J, Semple S, Smith J, Subedi M, Marais D. Type and extent of trans-disciplinary co-operation to improve food security, health and household environment in low and middle income countries. A systematic review. BMC Public Health. 2016;16:1093.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"7204_CR11","unstructured":"Gaihre S. Developing an evidence-based multisector intervention approach to improve food security, nutrition, the household environment and health in low and middle-income countries : with a Nepalese case study [PhD dissertation]. University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen. British Library, EThOS; uk.bl.ethos.737939, 2017. Available from https:\/\/ethos.bl.uk\/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.737939 ."},{"issue":"1","key":"7204_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-1134","volume":"14","author":"J Trompette","year":"2014","unstructured":"Trompette J, Kivits J, Minary L, Cambon L, Alla F. Stakeholders\u2019 perceptions of transferability criteria for health promotion interventions: a case study. BMC Public Health. 2014;14(1):1134.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"4S","key":"7204_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S115","DOI":"10.1177\/0379572116674552","volume":"37","author":"E Kennedy","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kennedy E, Fekadu H, Gosh S, Baral K, Davis D, Sapkota D, Webb P. Implementing multisector nutrition programs in Ethiopia and Nepal: challenges and opportunities from a stakeholder perspective. Food Nutr Bull. 2016;37(4S):S115\u201323.","journal-title":"Food Nutr Bull"},{"issue":"2019","key":"7204_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodpol.2018.10.013","volume":"82","author":"S Gillespie","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gillespie S, van den Bold M, Hodge J. Nutrition and the governance of Agri-food system in South Asia: a systematic review. Food Policy. 2019;82(2019):13\u201327.","journal-title":"Food Policy"},{"key":"7204_CR15","unstructured":"HLPE. Multistakeholder partnerships to finance and improve food security and nutrition in the framework of the 2030 agenda. A report by the high level panel of experts (HLPE) on food security and nutrition of the committee on world food security, Rome 2018. Full report forthcoming at www.fao.org\/cfs\/cfs-hlpe ."},{"key":"7204_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-9276-6-6","volume":"6","author":"M Casapia","year":"2007","unstructured":"Casapia M, Joseph SA, Gyorkos TW. Multidisciplinary and participatory workshops with stakeholders in a community of extreme poverty in the Peruvian Amazon: development of priority concerns and potential health, nutrition and education interventions. BMC Int J Equity Health. 2007;6:6.","journal-title":"BMC Int J Equity Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"7204_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s13717-014-0022-9","volume":"3","author":"GB Villamor","year":"2014","unstructured":"Villamor GB, Palomo I, Santiago CAL, Oteros-Rozas E, Hill J. Assessing stakeholders' perceptions and values towards social-ecological systems using participatory methods. Ecol Process. 2014;3(1):22.","journal-title":"Ecol Process"},{"key":"7204_CR18","unstructured":"World Food Program. Nepal Food Security Bulletin. NeKSAP, Kathmandu, 2012. 34 (2). Available from: http:\/\/neksap.org.np . Accessed 13 Feb 2017."},{"key":"7204_CR19","first-page":"509","volume":"52","author":"OP Kurmi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kurmi OP, Semple S, Steiner M, Henderson GD, Ayres JG. Particulate matter exposure during domestic work in Nepal. Ann Occup Hyg. 2008;52:509\u201317.","journal-title":"Ann Occup Hyg"},{"key":"7204_CR20","volume-title":"Qualitative data analysis","author":"M Miles","year":"1994","unstructured":"Miles M, Huberman AM. Qualitative data analysis. 2nd ed. Newbury Park, Calif: Sage; 1994.","edition":"2"},{"issue":"2","key":"7204_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","volume":"3","author":"Virginia Braun","year":"2006","unstructured":"Braun V, Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual Res Psychol. 2008;(3):77\u2013101.","journal-title":"Qualitative Research in Psychology"},{"key":"7204_CR22","unstructured":"Government of Nepal and National Planning Commission. Multisector Nutrition Plan: For accelerating the reduction of maternal and child undernutrition in Nepal, 2013-2017 (2023). Government of Nepal, Kathmandu, 2012. Available from: http:\/\/scalingupnutrition.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/03\/Nepal_MSNP_2013-2017.pdf , Accessed 13 Feb 2017."},{"key":"7204_CR23","unstructured":"Government of Nepal. Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF): Sunaula Hazar Din- Community Action for Nutrition Project. Ministry of Local Development, Government of Nepal, Kathmandu, 2012. Available from: http:\/\/mofald.gov.np\/mofald\/userfiles\/docs_130.pdf . Accessed 13 Feb 2017."},{"key":"7204_CR24","unstructured":"USAID Nepal. Health and Family Health Program, SUAAHARA Project- Good Nutrition (Integrated Nutrition Program). Fact Sheet. USAID Nepal, Kathmandu, 2016. Available from: https:\/\/www.usaid.gov\/nepal\/fact-sheets\/suaahara-project-good-nutrition . Accessed 17 Feb 2017."},{"key":"7204_CR25","unstructured":"iDE. Anukulan: Driving small farmer investment in climate-smart technologies. Climate and sustainability, Nepal. UK AID, Kathmandu, 2015. Available from: http:\/\/www.braced.org\/about\/about-the-projects\/project\/?id=ac922db5-8324-4cff-a6a8-b85e3ff81c04 . Accessed 17 Feb 2017."},{"key":"7204_CR26","unstructured":"United Nations. Public participation in local development planning, field bulletin. United Nations Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator\u2019s Office, RCHC Office, Kathmandu, Nepal, 2012. Available from: http:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/Full%20Report_607.pdf . Accessed 13 Feb 2017."},{"key":"7204_CR27","unstructured":"GAIN. Global alliance for improved nutrition. Available from: http:\/\/www.gainhealth.org\/ . Accessed 17 Feb 2017."},{"key":"7204_CR28","unstructured":"WASH plus. Supportive Environments for Healthy Communities. WASH Plus, New York. Available from: http:\/\/www.washplus.org\/ (accessed on 13th February 2017)."},{"key":"7204_CR29","unstructured":"Global alliance for clean cookstoves. Available from: http:\/\/cleancookstoves.org\/ . Accessed 17 Feb 2017."},{"key":"7204_CR30","unstructured":"Government of Nepal, Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations. Food and nutrition security in Nepal: a status report. Ministry of Agricultural Development, Nepal government and central Bureau of Statistics for the Nepal component of the FAO project. Kathmandu, Nepal, 2016. Available from: http:\/\/moad.gov.np\/public\/uploads\/201721855-final%20Food%20NS%202015.pdf . Accessed 27 Feb 2017."},{"key":"7204_CR31","unstructured":"Government of Nepal. Multi Stakeholder Forestry Programme. Ministry of Forestry, Nepal Government, Kathmandu. Available from: https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/67327\/Multi-stake-forestry-prog-ann-rev-2012-1.pdf . Accessed 27 Feb 2017."},{"key":"7204_CR32","unstructured":"Government of Nepal. National and rural development strategy. Kathmandu, Nepal. Available from: http:\/\/www.ruralpovertyportal.org\/en\/country\/approaches\/tags\/nepal . Accessed 27 Feb 2017)."},{"key":"7204_CR33","unstructured":"Government of Nepal. Thirteenth periodic Plan (2014\/2015-2016\/2017). National Planning Commission, Nepal Government, Kathmandu Nepal. 2014. Available from: https:\/\/www.npc.gov.np\/en\/category\/periodic_plans . Accessed 27 Feb 2017."},{"issue":"4","key":"7204_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.5811\/westjem.2013.3.16333","volume":"14","author":"D Houry","year":"2013","unstructured":"Houry D, Swahn MH, Hankin A. Using a multidisciplinary approach for a multi-faceted public health problem. West J Emerg Med. 2013;14(4):301\u20132.","journal-title":"West J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"7204_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.0.0304","volume":"21","author":"D Hollar","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hollar D, Lombardo M, Lopez-Mitnik G, Hollar TL, Almon M, Agatston AS, et al. Effective multi-level, multisector, school-based obesity prevention programming improves weight, blood pressure, and academic performance, especially among low-income, minority children. J Health Care Poor U. 2010;21(2):93\u2013108.","journal-title":"J Health Care Poor U"},{"issue":"2","key":"7204_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdl013","volume":"28","author":"R Armstrong","year":"2006","unstructured":"Armstrong R, Doyle J, Lamb C, Waters E. Multisectoral health promotion and public health: the role of evidence. J Public Health (Oxf). 2006;28(2):168\u201372.","journal-title":"J Public Health (Oxf)"},{"issue":"2","key":"7204_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1332\/030557309X397919","volume":"37","author":"B Catherine","year":"2009","unstructured":"Catherine B. Rhetoric or reality? Cross-sector policy implementation at the UK government Department for International Development. Policy Polit. 2009;37(2):179\u201399.","journal-title":"Policy Polit"},{"key":"7204_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2010.00717.x","volume":"11","author":"WB Traill","year":"2010","unstructured":"Traill WB, Shankar B, Brambila-Macias J, Bech-Larsen T, Aschemann-Witzel J, Strand M, et al. Interventions to promote healthy eating habits: evaluation and recommendations. Obes Rev. 2010;11:895\u20138.","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"7204_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-441","volume":"14","author":"H Corinna","year":"2014","unstructured":"Corinna H, Ahern AL, Jebb SA. A stakeholder analysis of the perceived outcomes of developing and implementing England\u2019s obesity strategy 2008-2011. BMC Public Health. 2014;14:441.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"7204_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-040617-014746","volume":"39","author":"Ross C. Brownson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Brownson RC, Fielding JE, Green LW. Building Capacity for Evidence-Based Public Health: Reconciling the Pulls of Practice and the Push of Research. Annu Rev Public Health. 2018;1;39:27-53.","journal-title":"Annual Review of Public Health"},{"key":"7204_CR41","unstructured":"Garrett J and Natalicchio M. Working multisectorally in nutrition: principles, practices, and case studies. IFPRI. 2011. Available from: http:\/\/www.ifpri.org\/publication\/working-multisectorally-nutrition-principles-practices-and-case-studies . Accessed 27 Feb 2017."},{"key":"7204_CR42","unstructured":"World Health Organisation. Everybody\u2019s business: strengthening health systems to improve health outcomes; WHO\u2019s framework for action. World Health Organisation, Geneva, 2007. Available from: http:\/\/www.who.int\/healthsystems\/strategy\/everybodys_business.pdf . Accessed 27 Feb 2017."},{"key":"7204_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"h4213","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h4213","volume":"351","author":"K Rasanathan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rasanathan K, Damji N, Atsbeha T, Deisse MNB, Davis A, Dora C, et al. Ensuring multisectoral action on the determinants of reproductive, maternal, newborn, child, and adolescent health in the post-2015 era. Brit Med J. 2015;351:h4213.","journal-title":"Brit Med J"},{"issue":"9890","key":"7204_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60996-4","volume":"384","author":"ZA Bhutta","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bhutta ZA, Das JK, Rizvi AR, Gaffey MF, Walker N, Horton S, et al. Evidence-based interventions for improvement of maternal and child nutrition: what can be done and at what cost? Lancet. 2013;384(9890):452\u201377.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"7204_CR45","unstructured":"Garrett J, Kadiyala S and Kohli N. Working Multisectorally to improve nutrition: global lessons and current status in India. POSHAN policy note 1. IFPRI, New Delhi, India, 2014. Available from: http:\/\/southasia.ifpri.info\/files\/2014\/04\/POSHAN-Policy-Note_Working-Multisectorally-to-Improve-Nutrition-Globally-and-India.pdf.pdf . Accessed 27 Feb 2017."}],"container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-019-7204-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12889-019-7204-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-019-7204-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,18]],"date-time":"2023-09-18T10:49:14Z","timestamp":1695034154000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12889-019-7204-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,18]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["7204"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-019-7204-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2458"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2458","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 January 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 June 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 July 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Ethical approval was obtained from the University of Aberdeen, College Ethics Review Board (CERB reference: CERB\/2015\/9\/1239). All participants gave written consent for their participation and audio recording.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All participants gave written consent for the anonymised publication of quotes for research purposes.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"961"}}