{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T10:34:01Z","timestamp":1770719641275,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,15]],"date-time":"2019-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,15]],"date-time":"2019-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ARES,Belgium","award":["ARES-CCD-BOURSES-JN-MA-MAA-59"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ARES-CCD-BOURSES-JN-MA-MAA-59"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-7260-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,15]],"date-time":"2019-07-15T14:08:54Z","timestamp":1563199734000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Incidence of catastrophic expenditures linked to obstetric and neonatal care at 92 facilities in Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2015"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Abel Mukengeshayi","family":"Ntambue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7oise Kaj","family":"Malonga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen D.","family":"Cowgill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mich\u00e8le","family":"Dramaix-Wilmet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Donnen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"7260_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60792-3","volume":"384","author":"ZA Bhutta","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bhutta ZA, Das JK, Bahl R, Lawn JE, Salam RA, Paul VK, et al. Can available interventions end preventable deaths in mothers , newborn babies , and stillbirths , and at what cost ? Lancet. 2014;384:347\u201370.","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"7260_CR2","unstructured":"World Health Organization: Countdown to 2015: a decade of tracking progress for maternal, newborn and child survival the 2015 report. 2015."},{"key":"7260_CR3","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Report of monitoring health for the Sustaintable development goals. Geneva; 2016. \n                    https:\/\/www.who.int\/gho\/publications\/world_health_statistics\/2016\/en\/\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"7260_CR4","unstructured":"Chaque femme\/Chaque Enfant. La strat\u00e9gie mondiale pour la sant\u00e9 de la femme, de l\u2019enfant et de l\u2019adolescent (2016\u20132030). Gen\u00e8ve: Organisation Mondiale de la Sant\u00e9; 2015."},{"issue":"9941","key":"7260_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60750-9","volume":"384","author":"Elizabeth Mason","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mason E, Mcdougall L, Lawn JE, Gupta A, Claeson M, Pillay Y, et al. From evidence to action to deliver a healthy start for the next generation. Lancet. 2014;384(9941):455-67.","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"7260_CR6","unstructured":"Bhutta ZA, Lassi ZS, Mansoor N. Systematic review on human resources for health interventions to improve maternal health outcomes: evidence from developing countries. Karachi: Division of Women & Child Health, the Aga Khan University; 2013."},{"key":"7260_CR7","unstructured":"Minist\u00e8re de la sant\u00e9 publique. Rapport sur les comptes de la sant\u00e9 RDC 2014. Kinshasa: Programme National des Comptes de la sant\u00e9 (PNCNS); 2016."},{"key":"7260_CR8","volume-title":"More money for health, and more health for the money","author":"Taskforce on innovative international financing for Health Systems","year":"2009","unstructured":"Taskforce on innovative international financing for Health Systems. More money for health, and more health for the money. 2009."},{"key":"7260_CR9","volume-title":"Document de la Strat\u00e9gie de Croissance et de R\u00e9duction de la Pauvret\u00e9 de seconde g\u00e9n\u00e9ration (DSCRP 2)","author":"Minst\u00e8re du Plan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Minst\u00e8re du Plan. Document de la Strat\u00e9gie de Croissance et de R\u00e9duction de la Pauvret\u00e9 de seconde g\u00e9n\u00e9ration (DSCRP 2), vol. 127; 2011. \n                    https:\/\/www.afdb.org\/fileadmin\/uploads\/afdb\/Documents\/Project-and-Operations\/RDC_-_2011-2015_-_Document_de_strat%C3%A9gie_de_r%C3%A9duction_de_la_pauvret%C3%A9.pdf\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"7260_CR10","first-page":"27","volume-title":"R\u00e9duire les barri\u00e8res financi\u00e8res aux soins obst\u00e9tricaux dans les pays \u00e0 faible revenu. Studies in","author":"JSKFV Borghi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Borghi JSKFV. Les co\u00fbts des soins obst\u00e9tricaux et leurs cons\u00e9quences sociales et \u00e9conomiques pour les m\u00e9nages. In: Richard F, Witter SDBV, editors. R\u00e9duire les barri\u00e8res financi\u00e8res aux soins obst\u00e9tricaux dans les pays \u00e0 faible revenu. Studies in. Antwerp: SPH; 2008. p. 27\u201353."},{"key":"7260_CR11","unstructured":"Minist\u00e8re de la sant\u00e9 publique. Plan National de D\u00e9veloppement Sanitaire PNDS 2011\u20132015. Kinshasa: Minist\u00e8re de la sant\u00e9 publique; 2010."},{"key":"7260_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)13861-5","volume":"362","author":"K Xu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Xu K, Evans DB, Kawabata K, Zeramdini R, Klavus J, Murray CJ. Household catastrophic health expenditure: a multicounty analysis. Lancet. 2003;362:111\u20137.","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"7260_CR13","volume-title":"Financement et qualit\u00e9 des services et soins de sant\u00e9: Abstracts Book de l\u2019atelier de capitalisation et echange d\u2019exp\u00e9riences sur le financement du syst\u00e8me de sant\u00e9 organis\u00e9 \u00e0 Kinshasa du 23 au 25 octobre 2012","author":"H Cause","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cause H. Financement et qualit\u00e9 des services et soins de sant\u00e9: Abstracts Book de l\u2019atelier de capitalisation et echange d\u2019exp\u00e9riences sur le financement du syst\u00e8me de sant\u00e9 organis\u00e9 \u00e0 Kinshasa du 23 au 25 octobre 2012; 2013."},{"key":"7260_CR14","volume-title":"Le M\u00e9canisme de Financement Mondial en Soutien \u00e0 Chaque Femme Chaque Enfant","author":"Banque Mondiale","year":"2015","unstructured":"Banque Mondiale. Le M\u00e9canisme de Financement Mondial en Soutien \u00e0 Chaque Femme Chaque Enfant, vol. 8; 2015."},{"key":"7260_CR15","unstructured":"Minist\u00e8re de la sant\u00e9 publique. Strategie de financement de la Sant\u00e9. Kinshasa: DRC; 2016."},{"key":"7260_CR16","first-page":"1","volume":"45","author":"A Ntambue","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ntambue A. Commercialization of obstetric and neonatal care in the Democratic Republic of the Congo : a study of the variability in user fees in Lubumbashi , 2014. PLoS One. 2018;45:1\u201326.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"7260_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-12-66","volume":"12","author":"AM Ntambue","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ntambue AM, Malonga FK, Dramaix-wilmet M, Donnen P. Determinants of maternal health services utilization in urban settings of the Democratic Republic of Congo \u2013 a case study of Lubumbashi City. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2012;12:66.","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"7260_CR18","unstructured":"Minist\u00e8re de la sant\u00e9 publique. Plan de D\u00e9veloppement Sanitaire du District M\u00e9dical de Lubumbashi. Lubumbashi: District M\u00e9dical de Lubumbashi; 2010."},{"key":"7260_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1177\/1757975910375173","volume":"17","author":"M Chenge","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chenge M, Van Der VJ, Porignon D. La carte sanitaire de la ville de Lubumbashi, R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo Partie I : probl\u00e9matique de la couverture sanitaire en milieu urbain congolais. Glob Health Promot. 2010;17:63\u201374.","journal-title":"Glob Health Promot"},{"key":"7260_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Skovdal M, Cornish F. Qualitative Research for Development, Rugby, UK: Practical Action Publishing; 2015. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3362\/9781780448534","DOI":"10.3362\/9781780448534"},{"key":"7260_CR21","unstructured":"Bureau International du Travail. Statistiques des revenus et des d\u00e9penses des m\u00e9nages Statistiques des revenus et des d\u00e9penses des m\u00e9nages. Gen\u00e8ve: Organisation international du travail; 2003."},{"key":"7260_CR22","volume-title":"Technical Briefs for Policy Makers","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2008","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Technical Briefs for Policy Makers. 2008. \n                    https:\/\/www.who.int\/healthsystems\/topics\/financing\/healthreport\/14GBSpaperFINAL.pdf\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"7260_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czp060","volume":"25","author":"Z Quayyum","year":"2010","unstructured":"Quayyum Z, Nadjib M, Ensor T, Sucahya PK. Expenditure on obstetric care and the protective effect of insurance on the poor: lessons from two Indonesian districts. Health Policy Plan. 2010;25:237\u201347. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/heapol\/czp060\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Health Policy Plan"},{"key":"7260_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czm022","volume":"22","author":"E Pitchforth","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pitchforth E, Van TE, Graham W, Fitzmaurice A. Development of a proxy wealth index for women utilizing emergency obstetric care in Bangladesh. Health Policy Plan. 2007;22:311\u20139.","journal-title":"Health Policy Plan"},{"key":"7260_CR25","unstructured":"Fry K, Firestone R, Chakraborty NM. Measuring equity with nationally representative wealth quintiles. Washington DC; 2014. \n                    https:\/\/www.psi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Wealth-Quintile-Guide.pdf\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"7260_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(01)00372-9","volume":"54","author":"SC Bagley","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bagley SC, White H, Golomb BA. Logistic regression in the medical literature: Standards for use and reporting, with particular attention to one medical domain. J Clin Epidemiol. 2001;54:979\u201385.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"7260_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E44129","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0044129","volume":"7","author":"JP Souza","year":"2012","unstructured":"Souza JP, Cecatti JG, Haddad SM, Parpinelli MA, Costa L, Katz L, et al. The WHO maternal near-miss approach and the maternal severity index model (MSI): tools for assessing the Management of Severe Maternal Morbidity. PLoS One. 2012;7:E44129.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"7260_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.12.108969","volume":"91","author":"Catherine Arsenault","year":"2013","unstructured":"Arsenault C, Fournier P, Philibert A, Sissoko K, Coulibaly A, Tourigny C. Emergency obstetric care in Mali: catastrophic spending and its impoverishing effects on households. Bull World Health Organ. 2013;91(3):207\u2013216.","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"7260_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czp013","volume":"24","author":"M Perkins","year":"2009","unstructured":"Perkins M, Brazier E, Themmen E, Bassane B, Diallo D, Mutunga A, et al. Out-of-pocket costs for facility-based maternity care in three African countries. Health Policy Plan. 2009;24:289\u2013300.","journal-title":"Health Policy Plan"},{"key":"7260_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-014-0659-1","volume":"15","author":"MA Dalaba","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dalaba MA, Akweongo P, Aborigo RA, Saronga HP, Williams J, Aninanya GA, et al. Cost to households in treating maternal complications in northern Ghana : a cross sectional study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2015;15:1\u20138.","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"7260_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.21106\/ijma.21","volume":"2","author":"NN Kalu-umeh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kalu-umeh NN, Mph M, Sambo MN, Fwacp M, Idris SH. Costs and patterns of financing maternal health Care Services in Rural Communities in northern Nigeria : evidence for designing National fee Exemption Policy. Int J MCH AIDS. 2013;2:163\u201372.","journal-title":"Int J MCH AIDS"},{"key":"7260_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69639-6","volume":"368","author":"C Ronsmans","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ronsmans C, Holtz S, Stanton C. Socioeconomic diff erentials in caesarean rates in developing countries : a retrospective analysis. Lancet. 2006;368:1516\u201323.","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"7260_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60996-4","volume":"382","author":"ZA Bhutta","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bhutta ZA, Das JK, Rizvi A, Gaff MF, Walker N, Horton S, et al. Evidence-based interventions for improvement of maternal and child nutrition: what can be done and at what cost ? Lancet. 2013;382:452\u201377.","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"7260_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czv131","volume":"31","author":"MP Bertone","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bertone MP, Mutombo PB, Kinshasa D. Investigating the remuneration of health workers in the DR Congo: implications for the health workforce and the health system in a fragile setting. Health Policy Plan. 2016;31:1143\u201351.","journal-title":"Health Policy Plan"},{"key":"7260_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1177\/1757975910375174","volume":"17","author":"M Chenge","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chenge M, Van Der VJ, Porignon D. La carte sanitaire de la ville de Lubumbashi, R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo II: analyse des activit\u00e9s op\u00e9rationnelles des structures de soins. Glob Health Promot. 2010;17:75.","journal-title":"Glob Health Promot"},{"key":"7260_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czg046","volume":"18","author":"J Borghi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Borghi J, Hanson K, Acquah CA, Ekanmian G, Filippi V, Ronsmans C, et al. Costs of near-miss obstetric complications for women and their families in Benin and Ghana. Health Policy Plan. 2003;18:383\u201390.","journal-title":"Health Policy Plan"},{"key":"7260_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-12-412","volume":"12","author":"A Ben Ameur","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ben Ameur A, Ridde V, Bado AR, Ingabire M-G, Queuille L. User fee exemptions and excessive household spending for normal delivery in Burkina Faso: the need for careful implementation. BMC Health Serv Res. 2012;12:412.","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"7260_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-14-120","volume":"14","author":"A Philibert","year":"2014","unstructured":"Philibert A, Ridde V, Bado A, Fournier P. No effect of user fee exemption on perceived quality of delivery care in Burkina Faso: a case-control study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2014;14:120. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1472-6963-14-120\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"7260_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czu132","volume":"30","author":"JB Falisse","year":"2015","unstructured":"Falisse JB, Ndayishimiye J, Kamenyero V, Bossuyt M. Performance-based financing in the context of selective free health-care: an evaluation of its effects on the use of primary health-care services in Burundi using routine data. Health Policy Plan. 2015;30:1251\u201360.","journal-title":"Health Policy Plan"},{"key":"7260_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e105130","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0105130","volume":"9","author":"P Fournier","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fournier P, Dumont A, Tourigny C, Philibert A, Coulibaly A, Traor\u00e9 M. The free caesareans policy in low-income settings: an interrupted time series analysis in Mali (2003-2012). PLoS One. 2014;9:e105130. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0105130\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"7260_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.13.130609","volume":"92","author":"M Johri","year":"2014","unstructured":"Johri M, Ridde V, Haddad S. Estimation of maternal and child mortality one year after user-fee elimination : an impact evaluation and modelling study in Burkina Faso. Bull World Health Organ. 2014;92:706\u201315.","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"7260_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czq013","volume":"25","author":"S Witter","year":"2010","unstructured":"Witter S, Dieng T, Mbengue D, Moreira I, De Brouwere V. The national free delivery and caesarean policy in Senegal: evaluating process and outcomes. Health Policy Plan. 2010;25:384\u201392. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/heapol\/czq013\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Health Policy Plan"},{"key":"7260_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-2982-4","volume":"16","author":"A Das","year":"2016","unstructured":"Das A, Gopalan SS, Chandramohan D. Effect of pay for performance to improve quality of maternal and child care in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review. BMC Public Health. 2016;16:321.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"7260_CR44","first-page":"1","volume":"13","author":"ME Kruk","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kruk ME, Mbaruku G, Rockers PC, Galea S. User fee exemptions are not enough: out-of-pocket payments for \u2018 free \u2019 delivery services in rural Tanzania. Trop Med Int Heal. 2008;13:1\u201310.","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Heal"},{"key":"7260_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.08.051045","volume":"86","author":"LM Franco","year":"2008","unstructured":"Franco LM, Diop FP, Burgert CR, Kelley AG, Makinen M, Simparae CHT. Effects of mutual health organizations on use of priority health-care services in urban and rural Mali: a case-control study. Bull World Health Organ. 2008;86:830\u20138.","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"7260_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang W, Temsah G, Mallick L. The impact of health insurance on maternal health care utilization: evidence from Ghana, Indonesia and Rwanda. Health Policy Plan. 2016:1\u201310.","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czw135"},{"key":"7260_CR47","unstructured":"Richard F, Witter S, De Brouwere V. R\u00e9duire les barri\u00e8res financi\u00e8res aux soins obst\u00e9tricaux dans les pays \u00e0 faibles ressources. Antwerp: Studies in Health Services Organisation & Policy, Institute of Tropical Medicine; 2008."},{"key":"7260_CR48","unstructured":"Witter S, Richard F, De Brouwere V. In: Richard F, Whiter S, De Brouwere V, editors. R\u00e9duire les barri\u00e8res financi\u00e8res aux soins obst\u00e9tricaux dans les pays \u00e0 faibles ressources. Studies in Les le\u00e7ons apprises pour mieux intervenir dans le futur: comment r\u00e9duire les barri\u00e8res financi\u00e8res aux soins obst\u00e9tricaux dans les pays \u00e0 faibles ressources. Antwerp: Studies in Health Services Organisation & Policy, Institute of Tropical Medicine; 2008. p. 309\u201340."},{"key":"7260_CR49","unstructured":"Katra-Ennada D, Garenne M. Trends in maternal mortality in Morocco: 1960-2010. In: Schwartz DA, editor. Maternal mortality: risk factrors, Anthroplogical perspectives, prevalence in developing countries and preventive strategies for pregnancy-related-deaths. New York: Nova Publisher; 2015. p. 175\u201388."},{"key":"7260_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60574-2","volume":"384","author":"A Binagwaho","year":"2014","unstructured":"Binagwaho A, Farmer PE, Nsanzimana S, Karema C, Gasana M, Ngirabega JDD, et al. Rwanda 20 years on : investing in life. Lancet. 2014;384:371\u20135.","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"7260_CR51","unstructured":"UN Millennium Project. Investing in Development: A Practical Plan to Achieve the Millennium Development Goals. New York: United Nations Development Programme; 2005."}],"container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-019-7260-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12889-019-7260-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-019-7260-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,13]],"date-time":"2020-07-13T23:05:20Z","timestamp":1594681520000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12889-019-7260-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,15]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["7260"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-019-7260-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2458"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2458","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 September 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 June 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 July 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from each woman prior to inclusion in the study and was reassessed at each contact. The study protocol was approved by the Comit\u00e9 d\u2019\u00c9thique M\u00e9dicale (CEM; Medical Ethics Committee) of the University of Lubumbashi (CEM-UNILU: UNILU\/CEM\/010\/2011).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Participants gave consent for direct quotes from interviews to be used in this manuscript.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"948"}}