{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T01:04:01Z","timestamp":1785546241718,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,23]],"date-time":"2019-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563840000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,23]],"date-time":"2019-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-7310-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,23]],"date-time":"2019-07-23T14:15:33Z","timestamp":1563891333000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Protective sexual behaviours among young adults in Nigeria: influence of family support and living with both parents"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Anthony Idowu","family":"Ajayi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9211-1813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylvester Reuben","family":"Okeke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"7310_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.12.007","volume":"197","author":"David A. Cort","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cort DA, Tu HF. Safety in stigmatizing? Instrumental stigma beliefs and protective sexual behavior in Sub-Saharan Africa.\u00a0Soc Sci Med. 2018;197:144-52.","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"7310_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1080\/17290376.2015.1086275","volume":"12","author":"R\u00e9nette J. Blignaut","year":"2015","unstructured":"Blignaut RJ, Jacobs J, Vergnani T. Trends in HIV risk behaviour of incoming first-year students at a South African university: 2007\u20132012.\u00a0SAHARA-J. J Soc Asp HIV\/AIDS. 2015;12(1):39-50.","journal-title":"SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV\/AIDS"},{"key":"7310_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1080\/01443610500239511","volume":"25","author":"I Okafor","year":"2005","unstructured":"Okafor I, Obi S. Sexual risk behaviour among undergraduate students in Enugu, Nigeria. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2005;25:592\u20135.","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"7310_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xjep.2018.02.007","volume":"11","author":"SR Okeke","year":"2018","unstructured":"Okeke SR, Odelola JO. Spatial and social settings as predictors of risky sexual behaviour among undergraduates in a Nigerian university. J Interprof Educ Pract. 2018;11:32\u20136.","journal-title":"J Interprof Educ Pract"},{"key":"7310_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-018-0546-z","volume":"15","author":"UAP Perera","year":"2018","unstructured":"Perera UAP, Abeysena C. Prevalence and associated factors of risky sexual behaviors among undergraduate students in state universities of Western Province in Sri Lanka: a descriptive cross sectional study. Reprod Health. 2018;15:105.","journal-title":"Reprod Health"},{"key":"7310_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2016.06.007","volume":"51","author":"A \u0160ev\u010d\u00edkov\u00e1","year":"2016","unstructured":"\u0160ev\u010d\u00edkov\u00e1 A. Girls\u2019 and boys\u2019 experience with teen sexting in early and late adolescence. J Adolesc. 2016;51:156\u201362.","journal-title":"J Adolesc"},{"key":"7310_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2013.03.007","volume":"64","author":"JD Fortenberry","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fortenberry JD. Puberty and adolescent sexuality. Horm Behav. 2013;64:280\u20137.","journal-title":"Horm Behav"},{"key":"7310_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ruble DN. A phase model of transitions: cognitive and motivational consequences. In: Advances in experimental social psychology, vol. 26: Elsevier; 1994. p. 163\u2013214.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2601(08)60154-9"},{"key":"7310_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(18)30022-1","volume":"2","author":"SM Sawyer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sawyer SM, Azzopardi PS, Wickremarathne D, Patton GC. The age of adolescence. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2018;2:223\u20138.","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc Health"},{"key":"7310_CR10","volume-title":"Global HIV statistics: fact sheet July 2017","author":"UNAIDS","year":"2017","unstructured":"UNAIDS. Global HIV statistics: fact sheet July 2017. Geneva: UNAIDS; 2017."},{"key":"7310_CR11","volume-title":"Miles to go\u2014closing gaps, breaking barriers, righting injustices","author":"UNAIDS","year":"2018","unstructured":"UNAIDS. Miles to go\u2014closing gaps, breaking barriers, righting injustices. Geneva: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS; 2018."},{"key":"7310_CR12","volume-title":"Report on global sexually transmitted infection surveillance 2013","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2014","unstructured":"World Health Organization: Report on global sexually transmitted infection surveillance 2013. 2014."},{"key":"7310_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Odimegwu C, Somefun OD, Chisumpa VH. Regional differences in positive sexual behaviour among youth in sub-Saharan Africa.\u00a0J Biosoc Sci. 2019;51(2):254-72.","DOI":"10.1017\/S002193201800010X"},{"key":"7310_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021932017000098","volume":"50","author":"J Amo-Adjei","year":"2018","unstructured":"Amo-Adjei J, Tuoyire DA. Timing of sexual debut among unmarried youths aged 15\u201324 years in sub-Saharan Africa. J Biosoc Sci. 2018;50:161\u201377.","journal-title":"J Biosoc Sci"},{"key":"7310_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2012.03005.x","volume":"17","author":"AM Doyle","year":"2012","unstructured":"Doyle AM, Mavedzenge SN, Plummer ML, Ross DA. The sexual behaviour of adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa: patterns and trends from national surveys. Tropical Med Int Health. 2012;17:796\u2013807.","journal-title":"Tropical Med Int Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"7310_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0206197","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0206197","volume":"13","author":"Oluwaseyi Dolapo Somefun","year":"2018","unstructured":"Somefun OD, Odimegwu C. The protective role of family structure for adolescent development in sub-Saharan Africa.\u00a0PloS one. 2018;13(10):e0206197.","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"11","key":"7310_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0166032","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0166032","volume":"11","author":"Kristin Mmari","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mmari K, Kalamar AM, Brahmbhatt H, Venables E. The influence of the family on adolescent sexual experience: A comparison between Baltimore and Johannesburg.\u00a0PloS one. 2016;11(11):e0166032.","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"3","key":"7310_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1080\/17450128.2013.842027","volume":"9","author":"Nanlesta A. Pilgrim","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pilgrim NA, Ahmed S, Gray RH, Sekasanvu J, Lutalo T, Nalugoda F, Serwadda D, Wawer MJ. Family structure effects on early sexual debut among adolescent girls in Rakai, Uganda.\u00a0Vulnerable children and youth studies. 2014;9(3):193-205.","journal-title":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies"},{"issue":"3","key":"7310_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-3737.2001.00669.x","volume":"63","author":"Erin Calhoun Davis","year":"2001","unstructured":"Davis EC, Friel LV. Adolescent sexuality: Disentangling the effects of family structure and family context. J Marriage Fam. 2001;63(3):669-81.","journal-title":"Journal of Marriage and Family"},{"key":"7310_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Looze M, Constantine NA, Jerman P, Vermeulen-Smit E, ter Bogt T. Parent\u2013adolescent sexual communication and its association with adolescent sexual behaviors: A nationally representative analysis in the Netherlands. J Sex Res. 2015;52(3):257-68.","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499.2013.858307"},{"issue":"7","key":"7310_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e41700","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0041700","volume":"7","author":"Elia John Mmbaga","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mmbaga EJ, Leonard F, Leyna GH. Incidence and predictors of adolescent\u2019s early sexual debut after three decades of HIV interventions in Tanzania: a time to debut analysis. PLoS One. 2012;7(7):e41700.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"7310_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1728-4465.2016.00048.x","volume":"47","author":"Let\u00edcia J. Marteleto","year":"2016","unstructured":"Marteleto LJ, Cavanagh S, Prickett K, Clark S. Instability in parent\u2013child coresidence and adolescent development in urban South Africa. Stud Fam Plan. 2016;47(1):19-38.","journal-title":"Studies in Family Planning"},{"key":"7310_CR23","unstructured":"Adedimeji AA, Omololu FO, Odutolu O. HIV risk perception and constraints to protective behaviour among young slum dwellers in Ibadan, Nigeria. J Health Popul Nutr 2007;25(2):146."},{"key":"7310_CR24","unstructured":"Ajayi AI, Nwokocha EE, Akpan W, Adeniyi OV, Goon DT. \u201cIt\u2019s sweet without condom\u201d: understanding risky sexual behaviour among Nigerian Female University students. Online J Health Allied Sci. 2018;16."},{"key":"7310_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brian AJI, Umeononihu O, Echendu AD, Eke N. Sexual Behaviour among Students in a Tertiary Educational Institution in Southeast Nigeria. Advances in Reproductive Sciences. 2016;4(03):87.","DOI":"10.4236\/arsci.2016.43010"},{"key":"7310_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2711","DOI":"10.18203\/2394-6040.ijcmph20173314","volume":"4","author":"E Enwereji","year":"2017","unstructured":"Enwereji E, Akubugwo E, Onwuka J, Ckikezie D. Students\u2019 sexual exposure in tertiary institutions: a case study of some universities in Abia state of Nigeria. Int J Community Med Public Health. 2017;4:2711\u20137.","journal-title":"Int J Community Med Public Health"},{"key":"7310_CR27","unstructured":"Imaledo JA, Peter-Kio OB, Asuquo EO. Pattern of risky sexual behavior and associated factors among undergraduate students of the University of Port Harcourt, Rivers state, Nigeria. Pan Afr Med J. 2012;12."},{"key":"7310_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12226","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000012226","volume":"97","author":"AI Ajayi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ajayi AI, Ismail KO, Adeniyi OV, Akpan W. Awareness and use of pre-exposure and postexposure prophylaxes among Nigerian university students: findings from a cross-sectional survey. Medicine. 2018;97:e12226.","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"7310_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2012.06.011","volume":"52","author":"EG Benotsch","year":"2013","unstructured":"Benotsch EG, Snipes DJ, Martin AM. Bull SS: sexting, substance use, and sexual risk behavior in young adults. J Adolesc Health. 2013;52:307\u201313.","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"key":"7310_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2012.07.011","volume":"38","author":"DJ Snipes","year":"2013","unstructured":"Snipes DJ, Benotsch EG. High-risk cocktails and high-risk sex: examining the relation between alcohol mixed with energy drink consumption, sexual behavior, and drug use in college students. Addict Behav. 2013;38:1418\u201323.","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"7310_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1363\/3517403","volume":"35","author":"CM Markham","year":"2003","unstructured":"Markham CM, Tortolero SR, Escobar-Chaves SL, Parcel GS, Harrist R, Addy RC. Family connectedness and sexual risk-taking among urban youth attending alternative high schools. Perspect Sex Reprod Health. 2003;35:174\u20139.","journal-title":"Perspect Sex Reprod Health"},{"key":"7310_CR32","unstructured":"Odimegwu C, Adedini SA. Do family structure and poverty affect sexual risk behaviors of undergraduate students in Nigeria? Afr J Reprod Health. 2013;17(4):137-49."},{"key":"7310_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2007.08.007","volume":"42","author":"CA Peres","year":"2008","unstructured":"Peres CA, Rutherford G, Borges G, Galano E, Hudes ES, Hearst N. Family structure and adolescent sexual behavior in a poor area of Sao Paulo, Brazil. J Adolesc Health. 2008;42:177\u201383.","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"key":"7310_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ajayi AI, Nwokocha EE, Adeniyi OV, Ter Goon D, Akpan W. Unplanned pregnancy-risks and use of emergency contraception: a survey of two Nigerian Universities. BMC Health Serv Res. 2017;17(1):382.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-017-2328-7"},{"key":"7310_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qai.0000151079.33935.79","volume":"39","author":"G Marks","year":"2005","unstructured":"Marks G, Crepaz N, Senterfitt JW, Janssen RS. Meta-analysis of high-risk sexual behavior in persons aware and unaware they are infected with HIV in the United States: implications for HIV prevention programs. JAIDS J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2005;39:446\u201353.","journal-title":"JAIDS J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"4","key":"7310_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021932018000330","volume":"51","author":"Anthony Idowu Ajayi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ajayi AI, Abioye AO, Adeniyi OV, Akpan W. Concerns about contracting HIV, knowing partners\u2019 HIV sero-status and discussion of HIV\/STI with sexual partners as determinants of uptake of HIV testing. J Biomed Sci. 2019;51(4):549-61.","journal-title":"Journal of Biosocial Science"},{"key":"7310_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2012.748161","volume":"25","author":"R Stephenson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Stephenson R, Winter A, Elfstrom M. Community environments shaping transactional sex among sexually active men in Malawi, Nigeria, and Tanzania. AIDS care. 2013;25:784\u201392.","journal-title":"AIDS care"},{"key":"7310_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.2478\/s13374-012-0020-5","volume":"22","author":"O Tade","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tade O, Adekoya A. Transactional sex and the \u2018aristo\u2019phenomenon in Nigerian universities. Hum Aff. 2012;22:239\u201355.","journal-title":"Hum Aff"},{"issue":"1","key":"7310_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0210349","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0210349","volume":"14","author":"Anthony Idowu Ajayi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ajayi AI, Somefun OD. Transactional sex among Nigerian university students: the role of family structure and family support. PLoS one. 2019;14:e0210349.","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"7310_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MacPherson EE, Sadalaki J, Njoloma M, Nyongopa V, Nkhwazi L, Mwapasa V, Lalloo DG, Desmond N, Seeley J, Theobald S. Transactional sex and HIV: understanding the gendered structural drivers of HIV in fishing communities in southern Malawi. J Int AIDS Soc. 2012;15.","DOI":"10.7448\/IAS.15.3.17364"},{"key":"7310_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jewkes R, Dunkle K, Nduna M, Shai NJ. Transactional sex and HIV incidence in a cohort of young women in the stepping stones trial. J AIDS and Clin Res. 2012;3(5).","DOI":"10.4172\/2155-6113.1000158"},{"key":"7310_CR42","unstructured":"Ali MM, Ajilore O. Risky sexual behavior and african-american youth: What is the role of family structure? J Health Behav & Pub Health. 2011;1(1):30-40."}],"container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-019-7310-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12889-019-7310-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-019-7310-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,24]],"date-time":"2022-09-24T11:45:00Z","timestamp":1664019900000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12889-019-7310-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,23]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["7310"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-019-7310-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2458"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2458","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 January 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 July 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 July 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The ethical review committee of the University of Fort Hare and Ondo State Ministry of Health, Nigeria approved the study protocol. All participants provided signed written informed consents after their confidentiality and anonymity were guaranteed. For the few participants (<i>n<\/i>\u2009=\u200955) included in this study who were aged 17\u2009years at the time of the survey, assent and parental consent were obtained before their participation.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"AIA is an associate editor with BMC Public Health.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"983"}}