{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T18:01:15Z","timestamp":1777485675127,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,16]],"date-time":"2019-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1565913600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,16]],"date-time":"2019-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1565913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The National Science and Technology Major Project on Prevention and Treatment of Major Infectious Diseases including AIDS and Viral Hepatitis","award":["2012ZX10001-007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012ZX10001-007"]}]},{"name":"Fogarty International Center and the National Institute on Drug Abuse at the U.S. National Institutes of Health","award":["U2RTW06918"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2RTW06918"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-7446-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,16]],"date-time":"2019-08-16T14:02:40Z","timestamp":1565964160000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["HIV-positive clients of female sex workers in Hunan Province, China: a mixed methods study assessing sexual relationships and risk behavior by type of partner"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Peili","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Willa M.","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keming","family":"Rou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah R.","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zunyou","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"7446_CR1","first-page":"ii38","volume":"39","author":"K Rou","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rou K, Sullivan SG, Liu P, Wu Z. Scaling up prevention programmes to reduce the sexual transmission of HIV in China. Int J Epidemiol. 2010;39(Suppl 2):ii38\u201346.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"7446_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1080\/17441692.2012.657663","volume":"7","author":"Y Huang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Huang Y, Maman S, Pan S. Understanding the diversity of male clients of sex workers in China and the implications for HIV prevention programmes. Glob Public Health. 2012;7(5):509\u201321.","journal-title":"Glob Public Health"},{"key":"7446_CR3","unstructured":"Ministry of Health of the People\u2019s republic of China and the World Health Organization (WHO). \"2011 Estimates for the HIV\/AIDS epidemic in China.\" 2011."},{"issue":"1","key":"7446_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e318211b3f2","volume":"57","author":"B Wandera","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wandera B, Kamya MR, Castelnuovo B, et al. Sexual behaviors over a 3-year period among individuals with advanced HIV\/AIDS receiving antiretroviral therapy in an urban HIV clinic in Kampala, Uganda. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2011;57(1):62\u20138.","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"2","key":"7446_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qai.0000166375.16222.eb","volume":"40","author":"SF Morin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Morin SF, Steward WT. Charlebois, et al. predicting HIV transmission risk among HIV-infected men who have sex with men: findings from the healthy living project. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2005;40(2):226\u201335.","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"11","key":"7446_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0077981","volume":"8","author":"N He","year":"2013","unstructured":"He N, Duan S, Ding Y, et al. Antiretroviral therapy reduces HIV transmission in discordant couples in rural Yunnan, China. PLoS One. 2013;8(11):e77981.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"19","key":"7446_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3694","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.20123311","volume":"126","author":"L Wang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wang L, Wang L, Smith MK, et al. Heterosexual transmission of HIV and related risk factors among serodiscordant couples in Henan province, China. China Med J (Engl). 2013;126(19):3694\u2013700.","journal-title":"China Med J (Engl)"},{"issue":"4","key":"7446_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1728-4457.2007.00195.x","volume":"33","author":"WL Parish","year":"2007","unstructured":"Parish WL, Laumann EO, Mojola SA. Sexual behavior in China: trends and comparisons. Popul Dev Rev. 2007;33(4):729\u201356.","journal-title":"Popul Dev Rev"},{"issue":"Suppl 5","key":"7446_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1211","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir537","volume":"204","author":"S Pan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pan S, Parish WL, Huang Y. Clients of female sex workers: a population-based survey of China. J Infect Dis. 2011;204(Suppl 5):S1211\u20137.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"7446_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2009.041731","volume":"86","author":"C Yang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yang C, Latkin C, Luan R, Wang C, Nelson K. HIV, syphilis, hepatitis C and risk behaviours among commercial sex male clients in Sichuan province, China. Sex Transm Infect. 2010;86(7):559\u201364.","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"issue":"8","key":"7446_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e71394","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0071394","volume":"8","author":"MM McLaughlin","year":"2013","unstructured":"McLaughlin MM, Chow EP, Wang C, et al. Sexually transmitted infections among heterosexual male clients of female sex workers in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2013;8(8):e71394.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"7446_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3181b3552a","volume":"53","author":"X Jin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jin X, Smith K. Chen Ry, et al. HIV prevalence and risk behaviors among male clients of female sex workers in Yunnan, China. J Acquir Immune Defic Synd. 2010;53(1):131\u20135.","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Synd"},{"issue":"2","key":"7446_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1080\/09540120903111437","volume":"22","author":"C Yang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yang C, Latkin CA, Liu P, Nelson KE, Wang C, Luan R. A qualitative study on commercial sex behaviors among male clients in Sichuan Province, China. AIDS Care. 2010;22(2):246\u201352.","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"7446_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2010.507759","volume":"23","author":"ZJ Huang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Huang ZJ, Wang W, Martin MC, Nehl EJ, Smith BD, Wong FY. \"bridge population\": sex workers or their clients?--STI prevalence and risk behaviors of clients of female sex workers in China. AIDS Care. 2011;23(Suppl 1):45\u201353.","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"key":"7446_CR15","volume-title":"Designing and conducting mixed methods research","author":"JW Creswell","year":"2011","unstructured":"Creswell JW. Designing and conducting mixed methods research. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications; 2011."},{"issue":"1","key":"7446_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2009.0214","volume":"24","author":"V Chakrapani","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chakrapani V, Newman PA, Shunmugam M, Dubrow R. Prevalence and contexts of inconsistent condom use among heterosexual men and women living with HIV in India: implications for prevention. AIDS Patient Care STDs. 2010;24(1):49\u201358.","journal-title":"AIDS Patient Care STDs"},{"issue":"9","key":"7446_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2012.749339","volume":"25","author":"S Vamos","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vamos S, Cook R, Shitalu N, Mumbi M, Weiss SM, Jones D. Quality of relationship and sexual risk behaviors among HIV couples in Lusaka, Zambia. AIDS Care. 2013;25(9):1102\u20138.","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"issue":"10","key":"7446_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2013.766301","volume":"25","author":"S Zhang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhang S, Wei C, Lu D, et al. The sense of familial responsibility of PLHIV in the rural areas of western China. AIDS Care. 2013;25(10):1317\u201320.","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"issue":"10","key":"7446_CR19","first-page":"657","volume":"20","author":"PL Wu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wu PL, WY FXX. Qualitative study on unsafe commercial sexual behaviors among clients of female sex workers aged 50 years and over. China J AIDS STD. 2014;20(10):657\u201360.","journal-title":"China J AIDS STD"},{"issue":"8","key":"7446_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1080\/13691050802380966","volume":"10","author":"E Uretsky","year":"2008","unstructured":"Uretsky E. 'Mobile men with money': the socio-cultural and politico-economic context of 'high-risk' behaviour among wealthy businessmen and government officials in urban China. Cult Health Sex. 2008;10(8):801\u201314.","journal-title":"Cult Health Sex"},{"issue":"4","key":"7446_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0061660","volume":"8","author":"X Luo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Luo X, Duan S, Duan Q, et al. Alcohol use and subsequent sex among HIV-infected patients in an ethnic minority area of Yunnan Province, China. PLoS One. 2013;8(4):e61660.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"7446_CR22","unstructured":"Pan S, Huang Y, Wang J, Liu Z. Chinese male clients: report on HIV risks and prevention. Taiwan: Universal Press; Gaoxiong. p. 2008."},{"issue":"7","key":"7446_CR23","first-page":"658","volume":"39","author":"Y Liu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Liu Y, Gong H, Yang G, Yan J. Perceived stigma, mental health and unsafe sexual behaviors of people living with HIV\/AIDS. Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2014;39(7):658\u201363.","journal-title":"Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban"},{"issue":"2","key":"7446_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022194829791","volume":"2","author":"TG Heckman","year":"1988","unstructured":"Heckman TG, Kelly JA, Somlai AM. Predictors of continued high-risk sexual behavior in a community sample of persons living with HIV\/AIDS. AIDS Behav. 1988;2(2):127\u201335.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"7446_CR25","unstructured":"CNN International Edition (2015, May 20). China's 2014 crackdown on Dongguan's sex trade. Retrieved from https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2015\/05\/20\/asia\/gallery\/china-dongguan-vice-crackdown\/index.html"},{"key":"7446_CR26","unstructured":"State Council. Regulations on AIDS Prevention and Treatment. Decree of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, No. 457. Beijing. January 9, 2006."}],"container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-019-7446-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12889-019-7446-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-019-7446-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]],"date-time":"2024-07-22T03:20:32Z","timestamp":1721618432000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12889-019-7446-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,16]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["7446"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-019-7446-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2458"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2458","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 March 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 August 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 August 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study received approval from the Institutional Review Board of the National Center for AIDS\/STD Control & Prevention, China CDC. All participants provided written, informed consent.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All participants included in the study provided written, informed consent.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1129"}}