{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T11:20:40Z","timestamp":1764588040096,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,28]],"date-time":"2019-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,28]],"date-time":"2019-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007225","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 106-2627-M-006-008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 106-2627-M-006-008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007225","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n              <jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study assessed international variations in changes in drowning mortality rates and the quality of reporting specific information in death certificates over the past decade.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>\n              <jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Drowning mortality data of 61 countries were extracted from the World Health Organization Mortality Database. We calculated the percentage change (PC) in age-standardized drowning mortality rates and percentage of drowning deaths reported with unspecified codes between 2004 and 2005 and 2014\u20132015.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>\n              <jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Of the 61 countries studied, 50 exhibited a reduction in drowning mortality rates from 2004 to 2005 to 2014\u20132015. Additionally, five countries\u2014Lithuania, Moldova, Kyrgyzstan, Romania, and El Salvador\u2014with a high mortality rate in 2004\u20132005 (&gt;\u200940 deaths per 100,000) showed improvement (PC\u2009&lt;\u2009\u2212\u200932%). By contrast, four countries\u2014South Africa, Guyana, Morocco, and Guatemala\u2014exhibited a more than twofold increase in mortality rates. Regarding the quality of reporting, 34 countries exhibited a decrease in the percentage of unspecified codes. Additionally, three countries\u2014Paraguay, Serbia, and Croatia\u2014with moderate and high percentages of unspecified codes (&gt;\u200940%) exhibited a marked reduction (PC\u2009&lt;\u2009\u2212\u200960%), whereas three countries\u2014Malaysia, Belgium, and Nicaragua\u2014exhibited a notable increase.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>\n              <jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Large international variations in the extent of changes in drowning mortality rates and the quality of reporting specific information on the death certificate were observed during the study period.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-7749-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,28]],"date-time":"2019-10-28T15:05:26Z","timestamp":1572275126000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Changes in drowning mortality rates and quality of reporting from 2004\u20132005 to 2014\u20132015: a comparative study of 61 countries"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Ching-Yi","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9473-7163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liang-Yi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tsung-Hsueh","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"7749_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32152-9","volume":"390","author":"GBD 2016 Causes of Death Collaborators","year":"2017","unstructured":"GBD 2016 Causes of Death Collaborators. Global, regional, and national age-sex specific mortality for 264 causes of death, 1980\u20132016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet. 2017;390:1151\u2013210.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"7749_CR2","volume-title":"Global report on drowning: preventing a leading killer","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2014","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global report on drowning: preventing a leading killer. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014."},{"key":"7749_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14080875","volume":"14","author":"Y Wu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wu Y, Huang Y, Schwebel DC, Guoqing H. Unintentional child and adolescent drowning mortality from 2000 to 2013 in 21 countries: analysis of WHO mortality database. 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