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We used generalized linear mixed effects models and multi-model inference to identify demographic correlates of knowledge.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Proportional average district- and disease- specific knowledge scores ranged from 0.14\u20130.61. We found positive correlations between age and knowledge of symptoms, causes and treatments of anthrax (three districts), brucellosis (three districts), and rabies (one district). Gender, ethnic identity, formal education and ownership of livestock or dogs had variable effects on knowledge among the interviewed population. Risk perceptions regarding different diseases varied across districts and were positively correlated with knowledge of the specific diseases. Direct interactions with livestock and domestic dogs were reported to occur across all demographic groups, suggesting that most people living in rural settings of our study area are potentially exposed to zoonotic diseases. Behaviors which may favor transmission of specific pathogens (such as consumption of raw milk or meat) were occasionally reported and varied by district. Wildlife was generally regarded as negative or neutral with regard to overall veterinary and human health.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The combination of variable knowledge about zoonotic diseases in the three districts, reported occurrence of practices that are conducive to pathogen transmission, and previously documented circulation of pathogens causing anthrax, brucellosis and rabies in our study system, call for health education programs embedded in a holistic One Health approach.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-7900-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,16]],"date-time":"2019-12-16T05:00:01Z","timestamp":1576472401000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Comparative knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding anthrax, brucellosis, and rabies in three districts of northern Tanzania"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7475-9023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Kiffner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Latzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruby","family":"Vise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayley","family":"Benson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Hammon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Kioko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5418","key":"7900_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1126\/science.284.5418.1311","volume":"284","author":"S Binder","year":"1999","unstructured":"Binder S, Levitt AM, Sacks JJ, Hughes JM. 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Nurse Educ Today. 2011;31(1):9\u201317.","journal-title":"Nurse Educ Today"}],"container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-019-7900-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12889-019-7900-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-019-7900-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T19:18:21Z","timestamp":1606850301000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12889-019-7900-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["7900"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-019-7900-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2458"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2458","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 July 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 November 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 December 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The protocol for this research was reviewed and approved by the Tanzanian Wildlife Research Institute (TAWIRI) and by \u201cTanzania Commission For Science and Technology\u201d (COSTECH permits # 2016\u2013349-NA-2013-191 and 2017\u2013288-ER-2013-191), the principal advisory organ relating to scientific research and technology development in Tanzania. COSTECH did not request further ethical reviews. However, in addition and prior to the start of the project, the research protocol was reviewed and exempted from further IRB review under the U.S. Code of Federal regulation title 45 public welfare part 46 protection of human subjects 46.101b (Type B, Category 2; IRB protocol number: TZ-02-17) because the interview process was solely geared towards assessing knowledge, attitudes and perceptions regarding zoonotic diseases and did not aim at gathering any personal medical information. We received supporting letters from Karatu, Monduli and Babati districts as well as consent from chairpersons of all 14 villages prior to the start of this study. Upon approaching potential interviewees, the purpose of the interview was explained, anonymity guaranteed (GPS coordinates of households will therefore not be published) and all participants expressed verbal consent.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1625"}}