{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T07:38:40Z","timestamp":1793864320903,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]],"date-time":"2021-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609891200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]],"date-time":"2021-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Centre Africain de Recherche en Epidemiologie et en Sant\u00e9 Publique, Lom\u00e9, Togo"},{"name":"Government of the Republic of Togo"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To date, there is no effective treatment for COVID-19, which is a pandemic disease, caused by a novel coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2. In Togo, where four in five people practice self-medication, the absence of a cure for COVID-19 and the constant progression of the disease requires an assessment of self-medication patterns in the context of the pandemic. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of self-medication to prevent COVID-19 and its associated factors in\n                      <jats:italic>Lom\u00e9<\/jats:italic>\n                      , Togo.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A cross-sectional study was conducted in\n                      <jats:italic>Lom\u00e9<\/jats:italic>\n                      , the capital city of Togo, from April 23rd to May 8th, 2020, with a sample of participants from five sectors: the healthcare, air transport, police, road transport and informal sectors. The participants were invited to provide information about their self-medication practices to prevent COVID-19 in the 2 weeks preceding the survey.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 955 participants (71.6% men) with a median age of 36 (IQR 32\u201343) were included. Approximately 22.1% were in the air transport sector, 20.5% were in the police sector, and 38.7% were in the health sector. The overall prevalence of self-medication to prevent COVID-19 was 34.2% (95% CI: 31.2\u201337.3%). The most commonly used products were vitamin C (27.6%) and traditional medicine (10.2%). Only 2.0% of participants reported using chloroquine\/hydroxychloroquine. Female sex (aOR=1.90;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;\u20090.001), work in the health sector (aOR=1.89;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001), secondary education level (aOR= 2.28;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.043) and university education level (aOR= 5.11;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;\u20090.001) were associated with self-medication.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      One-third of the individuals in high-risk populations in\n                      <jats:italic>Lom\u00e9<\/jats:italic>\n                      practiced self-medication. Intensifying awareness campaigns is crucial to fight misinformation about alleged COVID-19 prevention products on social media.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-10145-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]],"date-time":"2021-01-06T16:03:31Z","timestamp":1609949011000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":100,"title":["Assessment of self-medication practices in the context of the COVID-19 outbreak in Togo"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Arnold J.","family":"Sadio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fifonsi A.","family":"Gbeasor-Komlanvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodion Y.","family":"Konu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akila W.","family":"Bakoubayi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin K.","family":"Tchankoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra M.","family":"Bitty-Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iris M.","family":"Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia P.","family":"Denadou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00ebl","family":"Anani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harold R.","family":"Kouanfack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Innocent K.","family":"Kpeto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mounerou","family":"Salou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7644-9902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Didier K.","family":"Ekouevi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10145_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.26719\/2020.26.2.136","volume":"26","author":"A Al-Mandhari","year":"2020","unstructured":"Al-Mandhari A, Samhouri D, Abubakar A, Brennan R. 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