{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T18:08:53Z","timestamp":1793815733032,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RIA2016E-1612"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RIA2016E-1612"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Community engagement (CE) is a well-established practical and scholarly field, recognised as core to the science and ethics of health research, for which researchers and practitioners have increasingly asked questions about desired standards and evaluation. In infectious disease outbreak contexts, questions may be more complex. However, it is unclear what body of knowledge has been developed for CE specifically as it applies to emerging infectious diseases. This scoping review seeks to describe (1) How CE has been conceptualised and understood; and (2) What conclusions have research teams reached on the effectiveness of CE in these settings, including challenges and facilitators.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We used a scoping review framework by Arksey and O\u2019Malley (Int J Soc Res Methodol 8:19\u201332, 2005) to structure our review. We conducted a brainstorming session and initial trial search to inform the protocol, search terms, and strategy. Three researchers discussed, developed and applied agreed screening tools and selection criteria to the final search results. Five researchers used the screening tools to screen abstracts and full text for inclusion by consensus. Additional publications were sought from references of retrieved publications and an expert call for literature. We analysed and reported emerging themes qualitatively.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We included 59 papers from a total of 722 articles derived from our trial and final literature searches, as well as a process of \u201ccitation chasing\u201d and an expert call for grey literature. The core material related exclusively to health research trials during the 2014\u20132016 West Africa Ebola outbreak. We synthesized reports on components of effectiveness of CE to identify and propose three themes as essential elements of effective CE.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>While there is a large volume of literature documenting CE activities in infectious disease research settings generally, there are few accounts of effectiveness dimensions of CE. Our review proposes three themes to facilitate the effectiveness of CE initiatives as essential elements of CE activities in infectious diseases studies: (1) Communication towards building collaborative relationships; (2) Producing contextual knowledge; and (3) Learning lessons over time. As there were relatively few in-depth accounts of CE from our literature review, documentation and accounts of CE used in health research should be prioritised.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-10348-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T07:29:49Z","timestamp":1617262189000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["How can community engagement in health research be strengthened for infectious disease outbreaks in Sub-Saharan Africa? A scoping review of the literature"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8685-7758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samantha","family":"Vanderslott","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manya","family":"Van Ryneveld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Marchant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shelley","family":"Lees","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvie Kwedi","family":"Nolna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vicki","family":"Marsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"10348_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Abayomi A, Gevao S, Conton B, Deblasio P, Katz R. African civil society initiatives to drive a biobanking, biosecurity and infrastructure development agenda in the wake of the west African Ebola outbreak. Pan Afr Med J. 2016;24 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11604\/pamj.2016.24.270.8429.","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2016.24.270.8429"},{"key":"10348_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Abramowitz SA, Hipgrave DB, Witchard A, Heymann DL. Lessons from the West Africa Ebola epidemic: A systematic review of epidemiological and social and behavioral science research priorities. J Infect Dis. 2018; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiy387.","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy387"},{"issue":"1","key":"10348_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s12910-017-0201-1","volume":"18","author":"E Alirol","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alirol E, Kuesel AC, Guraiib MM, de la Fuente-N\u00fa\u00f1ez V, Saxena A, Gomes MF. Ethics review of studies during public health emergencies - the experience of the WHO ethics review committee during the Ebola virus disease epidemic. BMC Med Ethics. 2017;18(1):43 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12910-017-0201-1.","journal-title":"BMC Med Ethics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10348_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/1364557032000119616","volume":"8","author":"H Arksey","year":"2005","unstructured":"Arksey H, O\u2019Malley L. Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework. Int J Soc Res Methodol. 2005;8(1):19\u201332 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1364557032000119616.","journal-title":"Int J Soc Res Methodol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10348_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1080\/01944366908977225","volume":"35","author":"SR Arnstein","year":"1969","unstructured":"Arnstein SR. A ladder of citizen participation. J Am Inst Plann. 1969;35(4):216\u201324 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01944366908977225.","journal-title":"J Am Inst Plann"},{"issue":"3","key":"10348_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6503a7","volume":"65","author":"SR Bedrosian","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bedrosian SR, Young CE, Smith LA, Cox JD, Manning C, Pechta L, Telfer JL, et al. Lessons of risk communication and health promotion - West Africa and United States. Mmwr-Morbid Mortality Weekly Report. 2016;65(3):68\u201374.","journal-title":"Mmwr-Morbid Mortality Weekly Report"},{"issue":"March","key":"10348_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.12.028","volume":"200","author":"J Bonwitt","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bonwitt J, Dawson M, Kandeh M, Ansumana R, Sahr F, Brown H, Kelly AH. Unintended consequences of the \u2018Bushmeat ban\u2019 in West Africa during the 2013\u20132016 Ebola virus disease epidemic. Soc Sci Med. 2018;200(March):166\u201373 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.SOCSCIMED.2017.12.028.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"May","key":"10348_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2018.06.004","volume":"11","author":"S Browne","year":"2018","unstructured":"Browne S, Carter T, Eckes R, Grandits G, Johnson M, Moore I, McNay L. A review of strategies used to retain participants in clinical research during an infectious disease outbreak: the PREVAIL I Ebola vaccine trial experience. Contemp Clin Trials Commun. 2018;11(May):50\u20134 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.conctc.2018.06.004.","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Trials Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"10348_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-4958-4","volume":"17","author":"G Brunton","year":"2017","unstructured":"Brunton G, Thomas J, O\u2019Mara-Eves A, Jamal F, Oliver S, Kavanagh J. Narratives of community engagement: A systematic review-derived conceptual framework for public health interventions. BMC Public Health. 2017;17(1):944 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-017-4958-4.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10348_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Caleo G, Duncombe J, Jephcott F, Lokuge K, Mills C, Looijen E, Theoharaki F, et al. The factors affecting household transmission dynamics and community compliance with Ebola control measures: A mixed-methods study in a Rural Village in Sierra Leone. BMC Public Health. 2018;18(1) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-018-5158-6.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-5158-6"},{"key":"10348_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S40","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix558","volume":"217","author":"A Callis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Callis A, Carter VM, Ramakrishnan A, Albert AP, Conteh L, Barrie AA, Fahnbulleh L, et al. Lessons learned in clinical trial communication during an Ebola outbreak: the implementation of STRIVE. J Infect Dis. 2018;217:S40\u20137 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/jix558.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"suppl_1","key":"10348_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S16","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix657","volume":"217","author":"RJ Carter","year":"2018","unstructured":"Carter RJ, Idriss A, Widdowson M-A, Samai M, Schrag SJ, Legardy-Williams JK, Estivariz CF, et al. Implementing a Multisite Clinical Trial in the Midst of an Ebola Outbreak: Lessons Learned From the Sierra Leone Trial to Introduce a Vaccine Against Ebola. J Infect Dis. 2018;217(suppl_1):S16\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/jix657.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10348_CR13","volume-title":"Handbook of Health Survey Methods","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2013","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2013. \u201cHandbook of Health Survey Methods.\u201d"},{"key":"10348_CR14","volume-title":"Recommendations for Accelerating the Development of Ebola Vaccines","author":"CIDRAP and the Wellcome Trust","year":"2015","unstructured":"CIDRAP and the Wellcome Trust. 2015. \u201cRecommendations for Accelerating the Development of Ebola Vaccines.\u201d http:\/\/www.cidrap.umn.edu\/recommendations-accelerating-development-ebola-vaccines-0."},{"issue":"1721","key":"10348_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20160297","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2016.0297","volume":"372","author":"CEM Coltart","year":"2017","unstructured":"Coltart CEM, Lindsey B, Ghinai I, Johnson AM, Heymann DL. The Ebola outbreak, 2013\u20132016: old lessons for new epidemics. Philos Trans R Soc B Biol Sci. 2017;372(1721):20160297 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rstb.2016.0297.","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc B Biol Sci"},{"key":"10348_CR16","unstructured":"Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. Home - CASP - critical appraisal skills Programme. CASP Syst Rev Checklist. 2018;2018 https:\/\/casp-uk.net\/. Accessed 20 June 2019."},{"issue":"4","key":"10348_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1093\/inthealth\/ihw031","volume":"8","author":"L Dean","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dean L, Page S, Hawkins K, Stothard R, Thomson R, Wanji S, Gyapong M, Anagbogu I, Molyneux D, Theobald S. Tailoring mass drug administration to context: implementation research is critical in achieving equitable Progress in the control and elimination of Helminth neglected tropical diseases in sub-Saharan Africa. Int Health. 2016;8(4):233\u20134 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/inthealth\/ihw031.","journal-title":"Int Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10348_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.15-0890","volume":"95","author":"A Delamou","year":"2016","unstructured":"Delamou A, Haba NY, Mari-Saez A, Gallian P, Ronse M, Jacobs J, Camara BS, et al. Organizing the donation of convalescent plasma for a therapeutic clinical trial on Ebola virus disease: the experience in Guinea. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2016;95(3):647\u201353 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.15-0890.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10348_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dickert N, Sugarman J. Ethical goals of community consultation in research. Am J Public Health. 2005. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/AJPH.2004.058933.","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2004.058933"},{"issue":"July","key":"10348_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"h3740","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h3740","volume":"351","author":"Ebola \u00e7a suffit ring vaccination trial consortium","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ebola \u00e7a suffit ring vaccination trial consortium. The ring vaccination trial: A novel cluster randomised controlled trial design to evaluate vaccine efficacy and effectiveness during outbreaks, with special reference to Ebola. BMJ (Clinical Research Ed). 2015;351(July):h3740 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.h3740.","journal-title":"BMJ (Clinical Research Ed)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10348_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1086\/430707","volume":"41","author":"EJ Emanuel","year":"2005","unstructured":"Emanuel EJ, Doumbo OK, Hurst SA, Plowe CV, Wellems TE, Diallo DA. Community permission for medical research in developing countries. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;41(2):255\u20139 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/430707.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10348_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Emanuel EJ, Wendler D, Killen J, Grady C. What Makes Clinical Research in Developing Countries Ethical? The Benchmarks of Ethical Research. J Infect Dis. 2004;189(5):930\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/381709.","DOI":"10.1086\/381709"},{"issue":"4","key":"10348_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.17157\/mat.5.4.512","volume":"5","author":"L Enria","year":"2018","unstructured":"Enria L, Lees S. Citizens, dependents, sons of the soil. Med Anthropology Theory. 2018;5(4):30\u201355.","journal-title":"Med Anthropology Theory"},{"key":"10348_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2016.02.444","volume":"45","author":"L Enria","year":"2016","unstructured":"Enria L, Smout EM, Watson-Jones D, Leigh B, Larson HJ, Mooney T, Lees S, Greenwood B. Implementing a novel community engagement system during a clinical trial of a candidate Ebola vaccine within an outbreak setting. Int J Infect Dis. 2016;45:191 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2016.02.444.","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10348_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-3799-x","volume":"16","author":"L Enria","year":"2016","unstructured":"Enria L, Lees S, Smout E, Mooney T, Tengbeh AF, Leigh B, Greenwood B, Watson-Jones D, Larson H. Power, fairness and trust: understanding and engaging with vaccine trial participants and communities in the setting up the EBOVAC-Salone vaccine trial in Sierra Leone. BMC Public Health. 2016a;16(1):1\u201310 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-016-3799-x.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10348_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-3799-x","volume":"16","author":"L Enria","year":"2016","unstructured":"Enria L, Lees S, Smout E, Mooney T, Tengbeh AF, Leigh B, Greenwood B, Watson-Jones D, Larson H. Power, fairness and trust: understanding and engaging with vaccine trial participants and communities in the setting up the EBOVAC-Salone vaccine trial in Sierra Leone. BMC Public Health. 2016b;16(1):1\u201310 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-016-3799-x.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10348_CR27","first-page":"5","volume-title":"The Significance of Death, Funerals, and the after-Life in Ebola-Hit Sierra Leone, Guinea and Liberia: Anthropological Insights into Infection and Social Resistance","author":"J Fairhead","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fairhead J. The Significance of Death, Funerals, and the after-Life in Ebola-Hit Sierra Leone, Guinea and Liberia: Anthropological Insights into Infection and Social Resistance; 2014. p. 5."},{"issue":"03","key":"10348_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1017\/asr.2016.87","volume":"59","author":"J Fairhead","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fairhead J. Understanding social resistance to the Ebola response in the Forest region of the Republic of Guinea: an anthropological perspective. Afr Stud Rev. 2016;59(03):7\u201331 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/asr.2016.87.","journal-title":"Afr Stud Rev"},{"key":"10348_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.03.008","volume":"203","author":"F Tengbeh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tengbeh F, Angus LE, Smout E, Mooney T, Callaghan M, Ishola D, Leigh B, et al. \u2018We are the heroes because we are ready to die for this country\u2019; participants\u2019 decision-making and grounded ethics in an Ebola vaccine clinical trial. Soc Sci Med. 2018;203:35\u201342 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.03.008.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10348_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-015-0950-8","volume":"15","author":"MO Folayan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Folayan MO, Brown B, Haire B, Yakubu A, Peterson K, Tegli J. Stakeholders\u2019 engagement with Ebola therapy research in resource limited settings. BMC Infect Dis. 2015;15(1):242 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-015-0950-8.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"April","key":"10348_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2016.03.008","volume":"17","author":"AM Henao-Restrepo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Henao-Restrepo AM, Preziosi M-P, Wood D, Moorthy V, Kieny MP. On a path to accelerate access to Ebola vaccines: the WHO\u2019s Research and Development efforts during the 2014\u20132016 Ebola epidemic in West Africa. Curr Opin Virol. 2016;17(April):138\u201344 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.coviro.2016.03.008.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Virol"},{"issue":"September","key":"10348_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.07.029","volume":"189","author":"GA Johnson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Johnson GA, Vindrola-Padros C. Rapid qualitative research methods during complex health emergencies: A systematic review of the literature. Soc Sci Med. 2017;189(September):63\u201375 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.07.029.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10348_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1177\/1740774515621037","volume":"13","author":"SB Kennedy","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kennedy SB, Neaton JD, Clifford Lane H, Kieh MWS, Massaquoi MBF, Touchette NA, Nason MC, et al. Implementation of an Ebola virus disease vaccine clinical trial during the Ebola epidemic in Liberia: design, procedures, and challenges. Clin Trials. 2016;13(1):49\u201356 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1740774515621037.","journal-title":"Clin Trials"},{"key":"10348_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17226\/24739","volume-title":"Integrating clinical research into epidemic response","year":"2017","unstructured":"Keusch G, McAdam K, Cuff P, Mancher M, Busta ER, editors. Integrating clinical research into epidemic response. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press; 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17226\/24739"},{"key":"10348_CR35","unstructured":"Landford, Terri. n.d. \u201cUC Library Guides: Grey Literature in Health: Appraisal (The AACODS Checklist).\u201d https:\/\/canberra.libguides.com\/c.php?g=599348&p=4148869. Accessed 1 Nov 2019"},{"issue":"10","key":"10348_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001895","volume":"12","author":"S Lewin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lewin S, Glenton C, Munthe-Kaas H, Carlsen B, Colvin CJ, G\u00fclmezoglu M, Noyes J, Booth A, Garside R, Rashidian A. Using qualitative evidence in decision making for health and social interventions: an approach to assess confidence in findings from qualitative evidence syntheses (GRADE-CERQual). PLoS Med. 2015;12(10):e1001895 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001895.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"10348_CR37","volume-title":"Global Emerging Pathogens Treatment Consortium (GET) Newsletter","author":"M Marchant","year":"2019","unstructured":"Marchant M, Lees S. Understanding the role of community engagement in medical research | ALERRT. In: Global Emerging Pathogens Treatment Consortium (GET) Newsletter; 2019. https:\/\/www.alerrt.global\/content\/understanding-role-community-engagement-medical-research."},{"issue":"5","key":"10348_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2008.02.007","volume":"67","author":"V Marsh","year":"2008","unstructured":"Marsh V, Kamuya D, Rowa Y, Gikonyo C, Molyneux S. Beginning community engagement at a busy biomedical research Programme: experiences from the KEMRI CGMRC-Wellcome Trust research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya. Soc Sci Med. 2008;67(5):721\u201333.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"September","key":"10348_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2018.09.009","volume":"159","author":"MS Mehand","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mehand MS, Al-Shorbaji F, Millett P, Murgue B. The WHO R&D blueprint: 2018 review of emerging infectious diseases requiring urgent Research and Development efforts. Antivir Res. 2018;159(September):63\u20137 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.antiviral.2018.09.009.","journal-title":"Antivir Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10348_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20601","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.10.020601","volume":"8","author":"NP Miller","year":"2018","unstructured":"Miller NP, Milsom P, Johnson G, Bedford J, Kapeu AS, Diallo AO, Hassen K, et al. Community health workers during the Ebola outbreak in Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone. J Glob Health. 2018;8(2):20601 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7189\/jogh-08-020601.","journal-title":"J Glob Health"},{"key":"10348_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-698X-5-6","volume":"5","author":"E Mills","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mills E, Rachlis B, Wu P, Wong E, Wilson K, Singh S. Media Reporting of Tenofovir Trials in Cambodia and Cameroon. BMC Int Health Hum Rights. 2005;5:6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1472-698X-5-6.","journal-title":"BMC Int Health Hum Rights"},{"issue":"4","key":"10348_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1525\/jer.2013.8.4.1","volume":"8","author":"S Molyneux","year":"2013","unstructured":"Molyneux S, Bull S. Consent and community engagement in diverse research contexts: reviewing and developing research and practice. J Empirical Res Hum Res Ethics. 2013;8(4):1\u201318 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1525\/jer.2013.8.4.1.","journal-title":"J Empirical Res Hum Res Ethics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10348_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2008.02.023","volume":"67","author":"S Molyneux","year":"2008","unstructured":"Molyneux S, Geissler PW. Ethics and the ethnography of medical research in Africa. Soc Sci Med. 2008;67(5):685\u201395 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2008.02.023.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10348_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1177\/1740774518780678","volume":"15","author":"T Mooney","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mooney T, Smout E, Leigh B, Greenwood B, Enria L, Ishola D, Manno D, Samai M, Douoguih M, Watson-Jones D. EBOVAC-Salone: lessons learned from implementing an Ebola vaccine trial in an Ebola-affected country. Clin Trials. 2018;15(5):436\u201343 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1740774518780678.","journal-title":"Clin Trials"},{"issue":"June","key":"10348_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2016.00130","volume":"4","author":"OO Olu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Olu OO, Lamunu M, Nanyunja M, Dafae F, Samba T, Sempiira N, Kuti-George F, et al. Contact tracing during an outbreak of Ebola virus disease in the Western area districts of Sierra Leone: lessons for future Ebola outbreak response. Front Public Health. 2016;4(June):130 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2016.00130.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"0","key":"10348_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1080\/10810730.2016.1212130","volume":"22","author":"D Pedi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pedi D, Gillespie A, Bedson J, Jalloh MF, Jalloh MB, Kamara A, Bertram K, Owen K, Jalloh MA, Conte L. The development of standard operating procedures for social mobilization and community engagement in Sierra Leone during the West Africa Ebola outbreak of 2014\u20132015. J Health Commun. 2017;22(0):39\u201350 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10810730.2016.1212130.","journal-title":"J Health Commun"},{"issue":"6","key":"10348_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005545","volume":"11","author":"SC Perez","year":"2017","unstructured":"Perez SC, Folkesson E, Anglaret X, Beavogui A-HH, Berbain E, Camara A-MM, Depoortere E, et al. Challenges in preparing and implementing a clinical trial at field level in an Ebola emergency: A case study in Guinea, West Africa. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2017;11(6):e0005545 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005545.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10348_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1080\/09581596.2018.1449598","volume":"28","author":"L Reynolds","year":"2018","unstructured":"Reynolds L, Sariola S. The ethics and politics of community engagement in Global Health research. Crit Public Health. 2018;28(3):257\u201368 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09581596.2018.1449598.","journal-title":"Crit Public Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"10348_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0006885","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006885","volume":"12","author":"M Ronse","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ronse M, S\u00e1ez AM, Gryseels C, Bannister-Tyrrell M, Delamou A, Guillard A, Briki M, et al. What motivates Ebola survivors to donate plasma during an emergency clinical trial? The case of Ebola-Tx in Guinea. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2018;12(10):e0006885 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006885.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"10348_CR50","unstructured":"Slevin K, Ukpong M, Heise L. Community engagement in HIV prevention trials: evolution of the field and opportunities for growth. Microbicides Dev Programme. aids2031 Science and Technology Working Papers. 2008."},{"issue":"6","key":"10348_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2206.160021","volume":"22","author":"JR Spengler","year":"2016","unstructured":"Spengler JR, Ervin ED, Towner JS, Rollin PE, Nichol ST. Perspectives on West Africa Ebola virus disease outbreak, 2013\u20132016. Emerg Infect Dis. 2016;22(6):956\u201363 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid2206.160021.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10348_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tindana PO, Singh JA, Tracy CS, Upshur REG, Daar AS, Singer PA, Frohlich J, Lavery JV. Grand challenges in Global Health: community engagement in research in developing countries. PLoS Med. 2007; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040273. Public Library of Science.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040273"},{"key":"10348_CR53","unstructured":"UNAIDS, AVAC. Good participatory practice: guidelines for biomedical HIV prevention trials. Geneva: UNAIDS; 2011. https:\/\/doi.org\/JC1853E"},{"issue":"11","key":"10348_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-040503","volume":"10","author":"C Vindrola-Padros","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vindrola-Padros C, Andrews L, Dowrick A, Djellouli N, Fillmore H, Gonzalez EB, Javadi D, et al. Perceptions and experiences of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK. BMJ Open. 2020a;10(11):e040503 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/BMJOPEN-2020-040503.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10348_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vindrola-Padros C, Chisnall G, Cooper S, Dowrick A, Djellouli N, Symmons SM, Martin S, et al. Carrying Out Rapid Qualitative Research During a Pandemic: Emerging Lessons From COVID-19. Qual Health Res. 2020b:104973232095152 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1049732320951526.","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732320951526"},{"key":"10348_CR56","unstructured":"WHO. Emerging diseases: World Health Organization; n.d. http:\/\/www.who.int\/topics\/emerging_diseases\/en\/. Accessed 1 Feb 2016"},{"key":"10348_CR57","unstructured":"WHO. 2016. \u201cGood Participatory Practice Guidelines for Trials of Emerging (and Re-emerging) Pathogens That Are Likely to Cause Severe Outbreaks in the near Future and for Which Few or No Medical Countermeasures Exist (GPP-EP) : Outcome Document of the Consultative Pr.\u201d http:\/\/www.who.int\/blueprint\/what\/norms-standards\/GPP-EPP-December2016.pdf. Accessed 20 June 2019."},{"key":"10348_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wilkinson A, Parker M, Martineau F, Leach M. Engaging \u2018Communities\u2019: Anthropological Insights from the West African Ebola Epidemic. Philos Trans R Soc Lond Ser B Biol Sci. 2017;372(1721):20160305. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rstb.2016.0305. Accessed 20 June 2019.","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2016.0305"},{"key":"10348_CR59","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO Community engagement framework for quality, people-Centred and resilient health services: WHO. World Health Organization; 2017. https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/259280"}],"container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-021-10348-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12889-021-10348-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-021-10348-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,31]],"date-time":"2023-01-31T01:05:24Z","timestamp":1675127124000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12889-021-10348-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10348"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-021-10348-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2458"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2458","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 December 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 January 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 April 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"n\/a","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"n\/a","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"None declared.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"633"}}