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Body composition was assessed by air-displacement plethysmography. Outcomes included fat mass (FM, kg), percent FM (%FM), FM index (FMI, kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), fat-free mass (FFM, kg); percent FFM (%FFM), FFM index (FFMI, kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), body mass index (BMI, kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      at 18\u2009years in the 1993 cohort and 30\u2009years in the 1982 cohort), and BMI Z-score (at 6 years in the 2004 cohort). We further explored the association of birth weight for GA with body composition indicators and BMI. Crude and adjusted linear regressions provided beta coefficients with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 3036, 3027, and 3369 participants, respectively, from the 2004, 1993, and 1982 cohorts were analyzed. At 6\u2009years, preterm boys (born at 34\u201336\u2009weeks) presented lower adjusted mean of FM (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u20090.80\u2009kg, \u2212\u20091.45;-0.16,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u20090.046), %FM (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u20092.39%, \u2212\u20093.90;-0.88,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u20090.008), FMI (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u20090.70\u2009kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      , \u2212\u20091.13;-0.27,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u20090.004) as well as lower FFM (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u20090.4\u2009kg, \u2212\u20090.77; \u2212\u20090.12,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u20090.010) and FFMI (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u20090.3\u2009kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      , \u2212\u20090.46;-0.10,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u20090.001), and BMI Z-score (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u20090.69,; \u2212\u20090.99;-0.40,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u20090.001); but higher %FFM (\u03b2\u2009=\u20092.4%, 0.87;-3.90,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u20090.008), when compared to boys born at term (\u226537). At 30\u2009years, FM (15.7\u2009kg, 0.25;31.1,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u20090.102) was higher among males born at \u226433\u2009weeks. No association was observed for females from the three cohorts and for 18-year-old males. The association of birth weight for GA with body composition and BMI was not significant in any cohort. At 6\u2009years, SGA boys had lower FFMI than boys AGA.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results suggest that preterm birth is associated with decreased body fat and fat-free mass in childhood but higher fat mass in adulthood. Nevertheless, results were only significant for males. SGA boys also showed lower FFMI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-10368-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,9]],"date-time":"2021-02-09T07:03:39Z","timestamp":1612854219000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Prematurity and body composition at 6, 18, and 30 years of age: Pelotas (Brazil) 2004, 1993, and 1982 birth cohorts"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3318-7900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline Cardozo","family":"Bortolotto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"In\u00e1 S.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliana","family":"dos Santos Vaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alicia","family":"Matijasevich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alu\u00edsio J. 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