{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T04:17:19Z","timestamp":1772165839297,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,17]],"date-time":"2021-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613520000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,17]],"date-time":"2021-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The influence of religion and belief systems is widely recognized as an important factor in understanding of health risk perception and myths in the general fight against the HIV pandemic. This study compares the understanding of HIV risk factors and utilization of some HIV services among religious groups in Zimbabwe.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted secondary data statistical analysis to investigate the understanding of HIV and associated risk factors among religious groups in Zimbabwe using 2015\u20132016 Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey (ZDHS) data. We began by investigating associations between understanding of HIV and associated risk factors among religious groups. A multivariate stepwise backward elimination method was carried out to explore factors determining understanding of HIV risk after controlling for confounding factors using the most recent ZDHS data (2015\u20132016).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results from the three surveys showed that, in general apostolic sector had low understanding of HIV and associated risk factors compared to other religious groups. Analysis of the 2015\u20132016 ZDHS data showed that women belonging to the apostolic sector were less likely to know where to get an HIV test odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval, 0.665 (0.503\u20130.880) and to know that male circumcision reduces HIV transmission OR 0.863 (0.781\u20130.955). Women from this group had no knowledge that circumcised men can be infected if they do not use condoms OR 0.633 (0.579\u20130.693), nor that it is possible for a healthy-looking person to have HIV, OR 0.814 (0.719\u20130.921). They would not buy vegetables from a vendor with HIV OR 0.817 (0.729\u20130.915) and were less likely to support that HIV positive children should be allowed to attend school with HIV negative children OR 0.804 (0.680\u20130.950). Similar results were obtained for men in the apostolic sector. These men also did not agree that women were justified to use condoms if the husband has an Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) OR 0.851 (0.748\u20130.967).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results suggest that apostolic sector lack adequate knowledge of HIV and associated risk factors than other religious groups. Targeting HIV prevention programmes by religious groups could be an efficient approach for controlling HIV in Zimbabwe.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-10405-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]],"date-time":"2021-02-18T03:16:50Z","timestamp":1613618210000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Understanding HIV and associated risk factors among religious groups in Zimbabwe"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Munyaradzi","family":"Mapingure","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zindoga","family":"Mukandavire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Innocent","family":"Chingombe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Cuadros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Farirai","family":"Mutenherwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Owen","family":"Mugurungi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9077-4429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Godfrey","family":"Musuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"10405_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2005.03.012","volume":"61","author":"V Agadjanian","year":"2005","unstructured":"Agadjanian V. Gender, religious involvement, and HIV\/AIDS prevention in Mozambique. Soc Sci Med. 2005;61(7):1529\u201339.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"10405_CR2","unstructured":"Chitando E. Theology in the HIV & AIDS era series, module 1 \u2013 Gender, religion, and HIV and AIDS prevention. In: Dube MW, editor. Theology in the HIV & AIDS era series The HIV & AIDS curriculum for TEE programmes and institutions in Africa Geneva. edn. Geneva: World Council of Churches; 2007."},{"issue":"2","key":"10405_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czh009","volume":"19","author":"T Ensor","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ensor T, Cooper S. Overcoming barriers to health service access: influencing the demand side. 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SAHARA J. 2016;13(1):178\u201387.","journal-title":"SAHARA J"}],"container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-021-10405-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12889-021-10405-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-021-10405-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,24]],"date-time":"2024-08-24T07:29:36Z","timestamp":1724484576000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12889-021-10405-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,17]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10405"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-021-10405-8","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-34862\/v1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-34862\/v2","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1471-2458"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2458","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 June 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 February 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 February 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Procedures and questionnaires for standard Demographic Health Surveys (DHS) have been reviewed and approved by the ICF International Institutional Review Board (IRB). Additionally, country-specific DHS survey protocols are reviewed by the ICF IRB and typically by an IRB in the host country. The ICF International IRB ensures that the survey complies with the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services regulations for the protection of human subjects, while the host country IRB ensures that the survey complies with laws and norms of the nation. In the original primary data collection for each DHS, informed consent was sought from all participants prior to serological testing for HIV (\n                      \n                      . Ot3N7n5m.dpuf). We sought and were granted permission to use the core dataset for this analysis by MEASURE DHS.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Drs Godfrey Musuka and Zindoga Mukandavire are Editorial Board members of BMC Public Health. All other authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"375"}}