{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T09:17:25Z","timestamp":1774430245695,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]],"date-time":"2021-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638921600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Non-standard work schedules (NSWSs), occurring outside of regular and predictable daytime hours, may negatively affect worker and family health. This qualitative study sought to understand worker perspectives on the health and well-being impacts of NSWSs among full-time, transportation maintainers, correctional, and manufacturing workers.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Forty-nine workers participated in 8 focus groups. Data were transcribed and analyzed with ATLAS.ti, using the constant comparative method to identify themes and sub-themes.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Workers reported that long work hours and irregular and unpredictable schedules posed the biggest obstacles to their well-being. Workers reported that NSWSs were associated with behavior impacts (poor family and social connections, poor eating, poor sleep, lack of exercise recovery), physical health impacts (exhaustion, weight gain) and extended work exposures (increased stress, increased accidents).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This highlights the importance of developing and implementing effective workplace interventions to address these barriers to health and health behaviors.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-12265-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]],"date-time":"2021-12-08T09:02:59Z","timestamp":1638954179000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Worker perspectives on the impact of non-standard workdays on worker and family well-being: A qualitative study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Adekemi O.","family":"Suleiman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ragan E.","family":"Decker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Garza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rick A.","family":"Laguerre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alicia G.","family":"Dugan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer M.","family":"Cavallari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"12265_CR1","first-page":"3","volume":"134","author":"HB Presser","year":"2011","unstructured":"Presser HB, Ward BW. Nonstandard work schedules over the life course: a first look. Monthly Lab Rev. 2011;134:3.","journal-title":"Monthly Lab Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"12265_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0000000000001330","volume":"60","author":"R Chari","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chari R, Chang CC, Sauter SL, Petrun Sayers EL, Cerully JL, Schulte P, et al. Expanding the paradigm of occupational safety and health: a new framework for worker well-being. J Occup Environ Med. 2018;60(7):589\u201393.","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"12265_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Costa G. Introduction to problems of shift work. In: Social and family issues in shift work and non standard working hours. edn.: Springer; 2016:19\u201335.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-42286-2_2"},{"key":"12265_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.3492","volume":"41","author":"M H\u00e4rm\u00e4","year":"2015","unstructured":"H\u00e4rm\u00e4 M, Ropponen A, Hakola T, Koskinen A, Vanttola P, Puttonen S, et al. Developing register-based measures for assessment of working time patterns for epidemiologic studies. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2015;41:268\u201379.","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"key":"12265_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1002\/job.2440","volume":"42","author":"MC Bolino","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bolino MC, Kelemen TK, Matthews SH. Working 9-to-5? A review of research on nonstandard work schedules. J Organ Behav. 2020;42:188\u2013211.","journal-title":"J Organ Behav"},{"issue":"2","key":"12265_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.2486\/indhealth.SW-1","volume":"57","author":"CRC Moreno","year":"2019","unstructured":"Moreno CRC, Marqueze EC, Sargent C, Wright KP Jr, Ferguson SA, Tucker P. Working Time Society consensus statements: evidence-based effects of shift work on physical and mental health. Ind Health. 2019;57(2):139\u201357.","journal-title":"Ind Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"12265_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.11.011","volume":"43","author":"A Williamson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Williamson A, Lombardi DA, Folkard S, Stutts J, Courtney TK, Connor JL. The link between fatigue and safety. Accid Anal Prev. 2011;43(2):498\u2013515.","journal-title":"Accid Anal Prev"},{"issue":"2","key":"12265_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.2486\/indhealth.SW-4","volume":"57","author":"A Arlinghaus","year":"2019","unstructured":"Arlinghaus A, Bohle P, Iskra-Golec I, Jansen N, Jay S, Rotenberg L. Working Time Society consensus statements: Evidence-based effects of shift work and non-standard working hours on workers, family and community. Ind Health. 2019;57(2):184\u2013200.","journal-title":"Ind Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"12265_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2018-211309","volume":"73","author":"G Weston","year":"2019","unstructured":"Weston G, Zilanawala A, Webb E, Carvalho LA, McMunn A. Long work hours, weekend working and depressive symptoms in men and women: findings from a UK population-based study. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2019;73(5):465\u201374.","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"12265_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2017-104785","volume":"75","author":"K Karhula","year":"2018","unstructured":"Karhula K, Koskinen A, Ojajarvi A, Ropponen A, Puttonen S, Kivimaki M, et al. Are changes in objective working hour characteristics associated with changes in work-life conflict among hospital employees working shifts? A 7-year follow-up. Occup Environ Med. 2018;75(6):407\u201311.","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"12265_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1080\/07420528.2018.1520240","volume":"36","author":"K Karhula","year":"2019","unstructured":"Karhula K, Salo P, Koskinen A, Ojajarvi A, Oksanen T, Puttonen S, et al. Employee control over scheduling of shifts and objectively measured working hour characteristics: a cross-sectional analysis of linked register and survey data. Chronobiol Int. 2019;36(1):85\u201395.","journal-title":"Chronobiol Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"12265_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22701","volume":"60","author":"NP Bowles","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bowles NP, McEwen BS, Boutin-Foster C. Trouble in transit: organizational barriers to workers\u2019 health. Am J Ind Med. 2017;60(4):350\u201367.","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"12265_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.3233\/WOR-131650","volume":"48","author":"S Bance","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bance S, Links PS, Strike C, Bender A, Eynan R, Bergmans Y, et al. Help-seeking in transit workers exposed to acute psychological trauma: a qualitative analysis. Work. 2014;48(1):3\u201310.","journal-title":"Work"},{"issue":"1","key":"12265_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1080\/09650790601151228","volume":"15","author":"KB Poulsen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Poulsen KB, Jensen SH, Bach E, Schostak JF. Using action research to improve health and the work environment for 3500 municipal bus drivers. Educ Action Res. 2007;15(1):75\u2013106.","journal-title":"Educ Action Res"},{"key":"12265_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315223421","volume-title":"Unhealthy work: causes, consequences, cures","author":"PL Schnall","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schnall PL, Dobson M, Rosskam E, Elling RH. Unhealthy work: causes, consequences, cures. Abingdon: Routledge; 2018."},{"issue":"1","key":"12265_CR16","first-page":"83","volume":"3","author":"SM Kolb","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kolb SM. Grounded theory and the constant comparative method: valid research strategies for educators. J Emerg Trend Educ Res Policy Stud. 2012;3(1):83.","journal-title":"J Emerg Trend Educ Res Policy Stud"},{"issue":"2","key":"12265_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1177\/1098214005283748","volume":"27","author":"DR Thomas","year":"2006","unstructured":"Thomas DR. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. Am J Eval. 2006;27(2):237\u201346.","journal-title":"Am J Eval"},{"issue":"2","key":"12265_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.23070","volume":"63","author":"M Gilbert-Ouimet","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gilbert-Ouimet M, Brisson C, Vezina M. Psychosocial work stressors, high family responsibilities, and psychological distress among women: a 5-year prospective study. Am J Ind Med. 2020;63(2):170\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"12265_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e325","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0000000000000843","volume":"58","author":"JC Buden","year":"2016","unstructured":"Buden JC, Dugan AG, Namazi S, Huedo-Medina TB, Cherniack MG, Faghri PD. Work characteristics as predictors of correctional supervisors\u2019 health outcomes. J Occup Environ Med. 2016;58(9):e325\u201334.","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"12265_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.2486\/indhealth.2018-0147","volume":"57","author":"CC Gupta","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gupta CC, Coates AM, Dorrian J, Banks S. The factors influencing the eating behaviour of shiftworkers: what, when, where and why. Ind Health. 2019;57(4):419\u201353.","journal-title":"Ind Health"},{"key":"12265_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2017.07.017","volume":"143","author":"A Mayeuf-Louchart","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mayeuf-Louchart A, Zecchin M, Staels B, Duez H. Circadian control of metabolism and pathological consequences of clock perturbations. Biochimie. 2017;143:42\u201350.","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"issue":"5","key":"12265_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.3109\/07853890.2014.931103","volume":"46","author":"V Bayon","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bayon V, Leger D, Gomez-Merino D, Vecchierini MF, Chennaoui M. Sleep debt and obesity. Ann Med. 2014;46(5):264\u201372.","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"12265_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2020.103757","volume":"112","author":"Q Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang Q, Chair SY, Lo SHS, Chau JP, Schwade M, Zhao X. Association between shift work and obesity among nurses: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Nurs Stud. 2020;112:103757.","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"issue":"4","key":"12265_CR24","first-page":"505","volume":"22","author":"R Amani","year":"2013","unstructured":"Amani R, Gill T. Shiftworking, nutrition and obesity: implications for workforce health- a systematic review. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2013;22(4):505\u201315.","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"12265_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1186\/s12960-020-00515-6","volume":"18","author":"O Awosoga","year":"2020","unstructured":"Awosoga O, Steinke C, Nord C, Doan J, Varsanyi S, Meadows J, et al. Exploring the role of shift work in the self-reported health and wellbeing of long-term and assisted-living professional caregivers in Alberta, Canada. Hum Resour Health. 2020;18(1):70.","journal-title":"Hum Resour Health"},{"key":"12265_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2019.00281","volume":"7","author":"HV Buchvold","year":"2019","unstructured":"Buchvold HV, Pallesen S, Waage S, Moen BE, Bjorvatn B. Shift work and lifestyle factors: a 6-year follow-up study among nurses. Front Public Health. 2019;7:281.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"12265_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.79.3.449","volume":"79","author":"J Barton","year":"1994","unstructured":"Barton J. Choosing to work at night: a moderating influence on individual tolerance to shift work. J Appl Psychol. 1994;79(3):449\u201354.","journal-title":"J Appl Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"12265_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.3146","volume":"37","author":"AS Wagstaff","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wagstaff AS, Sigstad Lie J-A. Shift and night work and long working hours \u2013 a systematic review of safety implications. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2011;37(3):173\u201385.","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"12265_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.2486\/indhealth.44.531","volume":"44","author":"CC Caruso","year":"2006","unstructured":"Caruso CC. Possible broad impacts of long work hours. Ind Health. 2006;44(4):531\u20136.","journal-title":"Ind Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"12265_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.23225","volume":"64","author":"AG Dugan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dugan AG, Namazi S, Cavallari JM, Rinker RD, Preston JC, Steele VL, et al. Participatory survey design of a workforce health needs assessment for correctional supervisors. Am J Ind Med. 2021;64(5):414\u201330.","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"12265_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1093\/annweh\/wxaa003","volume":"64","author":"L Punnett","year":"2020","unstructured":"Punnett L, Cavallari JM, Henning RA, Nobrega S, Dugan AG, Cherniack MG. Defining \u2018integration\u2019 for total worker health(R): a new proposal. Ann Work Expo Health. 2020;64(3):223\u201335.","journal-title":"Ann Work Expo Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"12265_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.2486\/indhealth.SW-6","volume":"57","author":"IS Wong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wong IS, Popkin S, Folkard S. Working time society consensus statements: a multi-level approach to managing occupational sleep-related fatigue. Ind Health. 2019;57(2):228\u201344.","journal-title":"Ind Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"12265_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038-004-3085-z","volume":"49","author":"LR Murphy","year":"2004","unstructured":"Murphy LR, Sauter SL. Work organization interventions: state of knowledge and future directions. Soz Praventivmed. 2004;49(2):79\u201386.","journal-title":"Soz Praventivmed"}],"container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-021-12265-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12889-021-12265-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-021-12265-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]],"date-time":"2021-12-08T09:03:12Z","timestamp":1638954192000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12889-021-12265-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["12265"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-021-12265-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2458"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2458","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 May 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 September 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 December 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the UConn Health's Institutional Review Board (IRB) and written informed consent was received from all research participants. All research was performed in accordance with the <i>Belmont Report,<\/i> internal IRB guidelines as well as applicable US Federal regulations.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable. Identifiable information has been removed from individual quotes.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"2230"}}