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Reducing their prevalence is a priority of the global public health community and for Somalia, a country suffering complex humanitarian emergencies such as drought, flooding, conflict and large-scale displacements.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data from the nationally representative cross-sectional Somalia Micronutrient Survey (SMS 2019) on 1947 children were analyzed to assess the prevalence and potential risk factors of stunting and wasting. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were conducted separately for children 0\u20135\u2009months and 6\u201359\u2009months, and population attributable fractions were calculated using adjusted risk ratios produced by Poisson regression models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among the 1947 children, the prevalence of stunting and wasting were 17.2% (95% CI: 15.0, 19.6) and 11.0% (95% CI: 9.3, 12.9), respectively. Among children 6\u201359\u2009months of age, those residing in severely food insecure households had a higher risk of stunting (adjusted risk ratio [aRR] 1.47; CI: 1.12, 1.93) compared to those in food secure households. This risk of stunting was also higher in children with inflammation (aRR 1.75; CI: 1.35, 2.25) and iron deficiency (ID) (aRR 2.09; CI: 1.58, 2.80). For wasting, a dose-response relationship was found with household wealth, with the risk of wasting increasing significantly as the household wealth quintile decreased. On the other hand, the risk of wasting was lower in iron-deficient children (aRR 0.69; CI: 0.49, 0.98) than in iron-replete children. Among children 0\u20135\u2009months of age no variables remained statistically significantly associated with stunting in the multivariable analysis. Wasting, however, was more common in children with recent diarrhea (aRR 3.51; CI: 1.68, 7.36).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nutritional status of children in Somalia may be improved by prevention of diarrhea and other infections and improvements in household food security.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-12439-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,9]],"date-time":"2022-02-09T11:03:33Z","timestamp":1644404613000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Risk factors of stunting and wasting in Somali pre-school age children: results from the 2019 Somalia micronutrient survey"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"William E. 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Am J Clin Nutr. 2017;106(1):233\u201344.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"}],"container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-021-12439-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12889-021-12439-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-021-12439-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]],"date-time":"2024-09-18T04:44:24Z","timestamp":1726634664000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12889-021-12439-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,9]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["12439"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-021-12439-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2458"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2458","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 March 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 December 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 February 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethical permissions for the survey were obtained from the ethical review committees of the Federal Ministry of Health (Ref: MOH&HS\/DGO\/0999\/Jun\/2018) and the Ministries of Health in Somaliland (Ref: MOHD\/DG:2\/699\/2018) and Puntland (MOH\/PL\/DGO\/0277\/18).All household heads were provided an information sheet that detailed the written informed consent process, the objectives of the survey, and the data collection procedures. This information sheet also noted that participation in the survey was voluntary. This information sheet was read aloud to all household heads in Somali or the Somaliland dialect.Written informed consent was obtained from the household head for the administration of the survey. If the household head was illiterate, the consent form was read out loud to him\/her, and a fingerprint was taken as evidence of consent instead of a signature. As part of this written informed consent form, the household head consented to a) answer the questions in the household questionnaire or permit another knowledgeable adult to answer the questions, and b) permit selected women and children in the household to participate or refuse to participate in the survey. Written informed consent for the household did not compel selected women and children within the household to participate in the survey. For children 0\u201359\u2009months of age, the mother or legal guardian provided verbal consent for the child to participate in the survey. Verbal consent was also provided by the caretakers of women 15\u201317.9\u2009years of age; women 18\u201349\u2009years of age provided verbal consent for themselves. This individual-level verbal consent procedure was suggested and insisted by the ethical review committees of the Federal Ministry of Health (Ref: MOH&HS\/DGO\/0999\/Jun\/2018) and the Ministries of Health in Somaliland (Ref: MOHD\/DG:2\/699\/2018) and Puntland (MOH\/PL\/DGO\/0277\/18) to account for Somalia\u2019s cultural context, as they considered individual-level written informed consent culturally appropriate. Specifically, they felt the need for an individual-level written informed consent unnecessary, expressing serious concerns that household heads would not permit women to sign the consent forms, and that requiring individual-level written informed consent could potentially result in conflict within the household and limit participation in the survey. Of note, prior biomedical surveys in Somalia use verbal consent exclusively, and thus, the consent procedure used by the SMS 2019 was the most viable approach to obtain written informed consent, albeit only at the household level. This procedure to have a written informed consent, albeit only at the household level, from the household head, and verbal consent at the individual-level was approved by the ethical review committees of the Federal Ministry of Health and the Ministries of Health in Somaliland and Puntland.If diagnosed with malaria, severe acute malnutrition, and\/or severe anemia, survey participants were referred to local health facilities for treatment. No blood was taken from children younger than 6\u2009months of age to avoid injury. All anthropometric and blood collection procedures, and all other methods were carried out in accordance with standard guidelines and regulations.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests. The authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this publication and they do not necessarily represent the decisions, policy or views of UNICEF.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"264"}}