{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T20:15:43Z","timestamp":1769631343431,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]],"date-time":"2022-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641772800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]],"date-time":"2022-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP1057492"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1057492"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Prisoner health surveys primarily rely on self-report data. However, it is unclear whether prisoners are reliable health survey respondents. This paper aimed to determine the level of agreement between self-report and biomedical tests for a number of chronic health conditions.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study was a secondary analysis of existing data from three waves (1996, 2001, 2009) of the New South Wales (NSW) Inmate Health Survey. The health surveys were cross-sectional in nature and included a stratified random sample of men (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=2,114) from all NSW prisons.\u00a0Self-reported histories of hepatitis, sexually transmissible infections, and diabetes were compared to objective biomedical measures of these conditions.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Overall, the sensitivity (i.e., the respondents who self-reported having the condition also had markers indicative of the condition using biomedical tests) was high for hepatitis C (96%) and hepatitis B (83%), but low for all other assessed conditions (ranging from 9.1% for syphilis using RPR to 64% for diabetes). However, Kappa scores indicated substantial agreement only for hepatitis C. That is, there were false positives and false negatives which occurred outside of chance leading to poor agreement for all other assessed conditions.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Prisoners may have been exposed to serious health conditions while failing to report a history of infection. It may be possible that prisoners do not get tested given the asymptomatic presentation of some conditions, were unaware of their health status, have limited health-service usage preventing the opportunity for detection, or are subject to forgetting or misunderstanding prior test results. These findings demonstrate the importance of the custodial environment in screening for health conditions and referral for treatment should this be needed. Testing on entry, periodically during incarceration, and prior to release is recommended.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-12460-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,11]],"date-time":"2022-01-11T00:03:50Z","timestamp":1641859430000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Reliability of prisoners\u2019 survey responses: comparison of self-reported health and biomedical data from an australian prisoner cohort"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Tony Gerard","family":"Butler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mathew","family":"Gullotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Greenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"12460_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2016.12.005","volume":"216","author":"AC Frisse","year":"2017","unstructured":"Frisse AC, Marrazzo JM, Tutlam NT, Schreiber CA, Teal SB, Turok DK, et al. Validity of self-reported history of Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2017;216(4):393.e1-e7.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"12460_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-1441-y","volume":"15","author":"A Lofters","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lofters A, Vahabi M, Glazier RH. The validity of self-reported cancer screening history and the role of social disadvantage in Ontario, Canada. BMC Public Health. 2015;15(1):28\u201338.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"12460_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.04.005","volume":"57","author":"Y Okura","year":"2004","unstructured":"Okura Y, Urban LH, Mahoney DW, Jacobsen SJ, Rodeheffer RJ. Agreement between self-report questionnaires and medical record data was substantial for diabetes, hypertension, myocardial infarction and stroke but not for heart failure. J Clin Epidemiol. 2004;57(10):1096\u2013103.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"12460_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Short ME, Goetzel RZ, Pei X, Tabrizi MJ, Ozminkowski RJ, Gibson TB, et al. How accurate are self-reports? An analysis of self-reported healthcare utilization and absence when compared to administrative data. J Occup Environ Med. 2009;51:786\u201396.","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0b013e3181a86671"},{"issue":"1","key":"12460_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-009836","volume":"6","author":"M Ning","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ning M, Zhang Q, Yang M. Comparison of self-reported and biomedical data on hypertension and diabetes: findings from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). BMJ Open. 2016;6(1):1\u201310.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"12","key":"12460_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2012.663886","volume":"24","author":"MM Islam","year":"2012","unstructured":"Islam MM, Topp L, Conigrave KM, van Beek I, Maher L, White A, et al. The reliability of sensitive information provided by injecting drug users in a clinical setting: clinician-administered versus audio computer-assisted self-interviewing (ACASI). AIDS Care. 2012;24(12):1496\u2013503.","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"12460_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-016-1668-z","volume":"16","author":"D O\u2019Keefe","year":"2016","unstructured":"O\u2019Keefe D, Scott N, Aitken C, Dietze P. Individual-level needle and syringe coverage in Melbourne, Australia: a longitudinal, descriptive analysis. BMC Health Serv Res. 2016;16(1):1\u201310.","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"12460_CR8","first-page":"99","volume":"16","author":"EG Schlicting","year":"2003","unstructured":"Schlicting EG, Johnson ME, Brems C, Wells RS, Fisher DG, Reynolds G. Validity of injecting drug users\u2019 self report of hepatitis A, B, and C. Clin Lab Sci. 2003;16(2):99\u2013106.","journal-title":"Clin Lab Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"12460_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.3109\/23744235.2015.1026932","volume":"47","author":"US Nielsen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nielsen US, Simonsen AB, Halkier-S\u00f8rensen L, Larsen CS, Erikstrup C. Hepatitis B infection and vaccination coverage in men who have sex with men consulting a Danish venereal disease clinic. 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The prevalence of non-communicable disease in older people in prison: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Age Ageing. 2018;48(2):204\u201312.","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"12460_CR18","unstructured":"Butler TG. Preliminary findings from the inmate health survey of the inmate population in the NSW correctional system. Sydney: Corrections Health Service;\u00a01997."},{"key":"12460_CR19","unstructured":"Butler TG, Milner L. The 2001 New South Wales Inmate Health Survey. Sydney: Corrections Health Service;\u00a02003."},{"key":"12460_CR20","volume-title":"NSW inmate health survey: key findings report","author":"D Indig","year":"2010","unstructured":"Indig D, Topp L, Ross B, Mamoon H, Border B, Kumar S, et al. NSW inmate health survey: key findings report. Sydney: Justice Health; 2010."},{"key":"12460_CR21","volume-title":"Prisoners in Australia","author":"Australian Bureau of Statistics","year":"2020","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics. Prisoners in Australia. 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Melbourne: RACGP; 2020."}],"container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-021-12460-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12889-021-12460-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-021-12460-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,11]],"date-time":"2022-01-11T00:03:58Z","timestamp":1641859438000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12889-021-12460-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["12460"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-021-12460-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2458"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2458","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 August 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 November 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 January 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study is a secondary data analysis of existing data. The ethics approval and consent to participate in the existing data was captured in the original publications [\u2013].  All experimental protocols were approved by the relevant institutions at those times (1997: Department of Corrective Services Ethics Committee and NSW Corrections Health Service Research and Ethics Committee; to 2009: Justice Health Human Research Ethics Committee, the Department of Corrective Services Ethics Committee, and the Aboriginal Health and Medical Research Council Ethics Committee).  All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. The ethics approval and consent to participate allowed the use of data for future studies such as this one.  Approval for this study (i.e., secondary data analysis to examine the health of specific offender groups (e.g., sex offenders)) was provided by the Justice Health and Forensic Mental Health Network Human Research Ethics Committee (G70\/14).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"<!--Emphasis Type='Bold' removed-->Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Consent for publication for the health surveys and subsequent analyses was captured in the original publications [\u2013].","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"<!--Emphasis Type='Bold' removed-->Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"64"}}