{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T12:27:57Z","timestamp":1793795277763,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]],"date-time":"2022-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649116800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]],"date-time":"2022-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649116800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The toll associated with road traffic crashes (RTC) is high, and the burden of injury is disproportionately borne by pedestrians and motor riders, particularly in developing countries. This study synthesized the factors associated with motorcycle-related RTC in Africa.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The PICO framework and the PRISMA guidelines for conducting reviews were incorporated in searching, screening, and reporting the findings. Advanced search in five electronic databases (Google Scholar, PubMed Central, Scopus, CINAHL, and Embase) yielded 2552 titles and 22 from manual search, filtered for 2016 to 2022 (to generate 1699) and then further for primary studies (854). Through the title, abstract and full-text screening, 22 were appropriate for this review. Data extraction was done by the two researchers independently, and the results were compared. Convergent synthesis was adopted to integrate results, transformed into a narrative, and analyzed using thematic synthesis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The four main themes identified were the rider-related, non-rider-related factors, prevalence and severity of injuries from RTC, and the measures to reduce RTC. The behavioral factors associated with RTC were alcohol use, smoking, use of illicit drugs, tiredness of rider, poor knowledge on traffic regulations, more than one pillow rider, lack of rider license, non-observance of traffic regulations, and non-use of personal protective equipment. Road traffic crashes were common among younger age and male gender. Other factors identified included poor road network, unplanned stoppage by police, unlawful vehicular packing, increased urbanization, and slippery floors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is the need to institute multi-sectoral measures that target riders\u2019 behavior change. Coordinated efforts should target governments, enforcement authorities, and regulatory bodies to enforce enactment that ensures safe use of roads.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-13075-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]],"date-time":"2022-04-05T00:09:56Z","timestamp":1649117396000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Factors associated with motorcycle-related road traffic crashes in Africa, a Scoping review from 2016 to 2022"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Kennedy Diema","family":"Konlan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Hayford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"13075_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2013.12.010","volume":"22","author":"V Balasubramanian","year":"2014","unstructured":"Balasubramanian V, Jagannath M. Detecting motorcycle rider local physical fatigue and discomfort using surface electromyography and seat interface pressure. Transport Res F: Traffic Psychol Behav. 2014;22:150\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trf.2013.12.010.","journal-title":"Transport Res F: Traffic Psychol Behav"},{"key":"13075_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9493718","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/9493718","volume":"2020","author":"KD Konlan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Konlan KD, Doat AR, Mohammed I, et al. Prevalence and pattern of road traffic accidents among commercial motorcyclists in the central Tongu District, Ghana. ScientificWorldJournal. 2020;2020:9493718. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/9493718.","journal-title":"ScientificWorldJournal"},{"issue":"2","key":"13075_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-019-03234-5","volume":"121","author":"H Ospina-Mateus","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ospina-Mateus H, Quintana Jim\u00e9nez LA, Lopez-Valdes FJ, Salas-Navarro K. Bibliometric analysis in motorcycle accident research: a global overview. Scientometrics. 2019;121(2):793\u2013815. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11192-019-03234-5.","journal-title":"Scientometrics."},{"key":"13075_CR4","first-page":"19","volume":"2","author":"A Salako","year":"2013","unstructured":"Salako A, Abiodun O, Sholeye O. Risk behaviors for road traffic accidents and severe crash injuries among commercial motorcyclists in Sagamu, south west, Nigeria. Online J Med Med Sci Res. 2013;2:19\u201323.","journal-title":"Online J Med Med Sci Res"},{"key":"13075_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sharma N, Bairwa M, Gowthamghosh B, Gupta SD, Mangal DK. A bibliometric analysis of the published road traffic injuries research in India, post-1990. Health Res Policy Syst. Mar 1 2018;16(1):18. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12961-018-0298-9","DOI":"10.1186\/s12961-018-0298-9"},{"issue":"6","key":"13075_CR6","first-page":"537","volume":"3","author":"OE Johnson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Johnson OE. Prevalence and pattern of road traffic accidents among commercial motorcyclists in a city in southern Nigeria. Educ Res. 2012;3(6):537\u201342.","journal-title":"Educ Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"13075_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2016.11.030","volume":"52","author":"Y Peng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Peng Y, Vaidya N, Finnie R, et al. Universal motorcycle helmet laws to reduce injuries: a community guide systematic review. Am J Prev Med. 2017;52(6):820\u201332.","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"13075_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.37506\/v20\/i1\/2020\/mlu\/194290","volume":"20","author":"PK Agarwal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Agarwal PK, Kumar P, Singh H. Causes and factors in road traffic accidents at a tertiary Care Center of Western Uttar Pradesh. Medico Legal Update. 2020;20(1):38\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.37506\/v20\/i1\/2020\/mlu\/194290.","journal-title":"Medico Legal Update"},{"issue":"5","key":"13075_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtte.2017.07.005","volume":"4","author":"A Bener","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bener A, Yildirim E, \u00d6zkan T, Lajunen T. Driver sleepiness, fatigue, careless behavior and risk of motor vehicle crash and injury: population based case and control study. J Traffic Transportation Engineering (English Edition). 2017;4(5):496\u2013502. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtte.2017.07.005.","journal-title":"J Traffic Transportation Engineering (English Edition)"},{"key":"13075_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2015.10.004","volume":"86","author":"T Erhardt","year":"2016","unstructured":"Erhardt T, Rice T, Troszak L, Zhu M. Motorcycle helmet type and the risk of head injury and neck injury during motorcycle collisions in California. Accid Anal Prev. 2016;86:23\u20138.","journal-title":"Accid Anal Prev"},{"key":"13075_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2017.04.002","volume":"103","author":"TM Rice","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rice TM, Troszak L, Erhardt T, Trent RB, Zhu M. Novelty helmet use and motorcycle rider fatality. Accid Anal Prev. 2017;103:123\u20138.","journal-title":"Accid Anal Prev"},{"key":"13075_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Balami AD. Road traffic accidents, near-misses and their associated factors among commercial tricycle drivers in a Nigerian City. Ann Biostatistics Biometric Applications 2019;2(3)doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33552\/abba.2019.02.000539","DOI":"10.33552\/abba.2019.02.000539"},{"key":"13075_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Olubiyi SK, Jibril UN, Hauwa UG, Balarabe F. Relationship between use of mobile phone and road traffic accident amongst motorists in Zaria. Res J Health Sci 2017;4(4)doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4314\/rejhs.v4i4.4","DOI":"10.4314\/rejhs.v4i4.4"},{"issue":"1","key":"13075_CR14","first-page":"299","volume":"3","author":"WA Abia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Abia WA, Tache NC. Commercial motorcycle riders\u2019 knowledge of road safety and effective use of personal protective equipment in Cameroon. J Public Health Dev Ctries. 2017;3(1):299\u2013305.","journal-title":"J Public Health Dev Ctries"},{"issue":"4","key":"13075_CR15","first-page":"10871","volume":"11","author":"JD Havugimana","year":"2020","unstructured":"Havugimana JD, Katamba P, Mutekanga DR. Influence of motorcycle (Boda Boda) rider\u2019s practices on road safety in Kampala, Uganda. Asian J Sci Technol. 2020;11(4):10871\u20139.","journal-title":"Asian J Sci Technol"},{"key":"13075_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jth.2019.01.001","volume":"12","author":"I Konkor","year":"2019","unstructured":"Konkor I, Kansanga M, Sano Y, Atuoye K, Luginaah I. Risk-taking behaviours and timing to first motorbike collision in the upper west region of Ghana. J Transp Health. 2019;12:105\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jth.2019.01.001.","journal-title":"J Transp Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"13075_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1080\/17457300.2019.1594952","volume":"26","author":"K Muni","year":"2019","unstructured":"Muni K, Kobusingye O, Mock C, Hughes JP, Hurvitz PM, Guthrie B. Motorcycle taxi programme is associated with reduced risk of road traffic crash among motorcycle taxi drivers in Kampala, Uganda. Int J Inj Control Saf Promot. 2019;26(3):294\u2013301. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17457300.2019.1594952.","journal-title":"Int J Inj Control Saf Promot"},{"issue":"1","key":"13075_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-4-1","volume":"4","author":"D Moher","year":"2015","unstructured":"Moher D, Shamseer L, Clarke M, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. Syst Rev. 2015;4(1):1\u20139.","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"13075_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181fe7825","volume":"22","author":"D Moher","year":"2011","unstructured":"Moher D, Altman DG, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J. PRISMA statement. Epidemiology. 2011;22(1):128.","journal-title":"Epidemiology."},{"issue":"10","key":"13075_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2009.06.006","volume":"62","author":"A Liberati","year":"2009","unstructured":"Liberati A, Altman DG, Tetzlaff J, et al. The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration. J Clin Epidemiol. 2009;62(10):e1\u2013e34.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"13075_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-032013-182440","volume":"35","author":"P Pluye","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pluye P, Hong QN. Combining the power of stories and the power of numbers: mixed methods research and mixed studies reviews. Annu Rev Public Health. 2014;35:29\u201345.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"13075_CR22","first-page":"137","volume":"2","author":"E Namey","year":"2008","unstructured":"Namey E, Guest G, Thairu L, Johnson L. Data reduction techniques for large qualitative data sets. Handbook for team-based qualitative research. 2008;2(1):137\u201361.","journal-title":"Handbook for team-based qualitative research"},{"key":"13075_CR23","unstructured":"Miles MB, Huberman AM. Qualitative data analysis: an expanded sourcebook. sage. 1994."},{"issue":"3","key":"13075_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1080\/17457300.2019.1607395","volume":"26","author":"M Ndagire","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ndagire M, Kiwanuka S, Paichadze N, Kobusingye O. Road safety compliance among motorcyclists in Kawempe division, Kampala, Uganda: a cross-sectional study. Int J Inj Control Saf Promot. 2019;26(3):315\u201321.","journal-title":"Int J Inj Control Saf Promot"},{"key":"13075_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100993","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jth.2020.100993","volume":"20","author":"C Wankie","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wankie C, Al-Delaimy W, Stockman J, Alcaraz J, Shaffer R, Hill L. Prevalence of crashes and associated factors among commercial motorcycle riders in Bamenda, Cameroon. J Transport Health. 2021;20:100993.","journal-title":"J Transport Health"},{"key":"13075_CR26","first-page":"207","volume":"2","author":"E Sahr Nyuma","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sahr Nyuma E, Lawrence Sao BJS. The factors associated with the occurrence of road traffic accidents among commercial motorcycle riders in Kenema City, eastern Sierra Leone. J Public Health Dis Prev. 2020;2:207.","journal-title":"J Public Health Dis Prev"},{"issue":"1","key":"13075_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.21522\/TIJPH.2013.07.01.Art013","volume":"7","author":"PM Ngari","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ngari PM, Gachohi J, Ngure K. Incidence and correlates of commercial motorcycle accidents in Embu town, Kenya. Texila Int J Public Health. 2019;7(1):122\u201330.","journal-title":"Texila Int J Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"13075_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1080\/17457300.2020.1724158","volume":"27","author":"JR Nickenig Vissoci","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nickenig Vissoci JR, Krebs E, Meier B, et al. Road traffic crash experience among commercial motorcyclists in Kigali, Rwanda. Int J Inj Control Saf Promot. 2020;27(2):181\u20137.","journal-title":"Int J Inj Control Saf Promot"},{"key":"13075_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agyemang W, Adanu EK, Jones S. Understanding the factors that are associated with motorcycle crash severity in rural and urban areas of Ghana. J Adv Transp. 2021;2021.","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6336517"},{"issue":"7","key":"13075_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2017.05.004","volume":"48","author":"JM Reardon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Reardon JM, Andrade L, Hertz J, et al. The epidemiology and hotspots of road traffic injuries in Moshi, Tanzania: an observational study. Injury. 2017;48(7):1363\u201370.","journal-title":"Injury."},{"issue":"1","key":"13075_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12873-018-0206-1","volume":"19","author":"A Baru","year":"2019","unstructured":"Baru A, Azazh A, Beza L. Injury severity levels and associated factors among road traffic collision victims referred to emergency departments of selected public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: the study based on the Haddon matrix. BMC emergency medicine. 2019;19(1):1\u201310.","journal-title":"BMC emergency medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"13075_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0148511","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0148511","volume":"11","author":"NM Tumwesigye","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tumwesigye NM, Atuyambe LM, Kobusingye OK. Factors associated with injuries among commercial motorcyclists: evidence from a matched case control study in Kampala City, Uganda. PLoS One. 2016;11(2):e0148511.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"13075_CR33","unstructured":"Singoro BW, Wakhungu J, Obiri J. Causes and trends of public transport motorcycle accidents in Bungoma County. Kenya. 2016."},{"issue":"2","key":"13075_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1080\/15389588.2018.1544706","volume":"20","author":"JH Salum","year":"2019","unstructured":"Salum JH, Kitali AE, Bwire H, Sando T, Alluri P. Severity of motorcycle crashes in Dar Es Salaam. Tanzania Traffic injury prevention. 2019;20(2):189\u201395.","journal-title":"Tanzania Traffic injury prevention"},{"issue":"6","key":"13075_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2110","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17062110","volume":"17","author":"SD Vaca","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vaca SD, Feng AY, Ku S, et al. Boda bodas and road traffic injuries in Uganda: an overview of traffic safety trends from 2009 to 2017. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(6):2110.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"13075_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106325","volume":"160","author":"G Kiwango","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kiwango G, Francis F, Moshiro C, M\u00f6ller J, Hasselberg M. Association between alcohol consumption, marijuana use and road traffic injuries among commercial motorcycle riders: a population-based, case-control study in dares salaam. Tanzania Accident Analysis & Prevention. 2021;160:106325.","journal-title":"Tanzania Accident Analysis & Prevention"},{"key":"13075_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boniface R, Museru L, Kiloloma O, Munthali V. Factors associated with road traffic injuries in Tanzania. Pan African medical journal. 2016;23(1).","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2016.23.46.7487"},{"issue":"2","key":"13075_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1080\/15389588.2018.1553085","volume":"20","author":"AO Adeleye","year":"2019","unstructured":"Adeleye AO, Clark DJ, Malomo TA. Trauma demography and clinical epidemiology of motorcycle crash\u2013related head injury in a neurosurgery practice in an African developing country. Traffic injury prevention. 2019;20(2):211\u20135.","journal-title":"Traffic injury prevention"},{"issue":"1","key":"13075_CR39","first-page":"74","volume":"32","author":"SM Ndwiga","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ndwiga SM, Mbakaya C, Kiiyukia C. Factors associated with road traffic accidents involving motorcyclists in Mwea town, Kirinyaga County. Kenya African Journal of Health Sciences. 2019;32(1):74\u201381.","journal-title":"Kenya African Journal of Health Sciences"},{"key":"13075_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jth.2016.03.001","volume":"4","author":"F Dapilah","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dapilah F, Guba BY, Owusu-Sekyere E. Motorcyclist characteristics and traffic behaviour in urban northern Ghana: implications for road traffic accidents. J Transp Health. 2017;4:237\u201345.","journal-title":"J Transp Health"},{"issue":"05","key":"13075_CR41","first-page":"281","volume":"16","author":"S Ashkan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ashkan S, Ghasem M, Arman N, et al. Educational level and age as contributing factors to road traffic accidents. Chin J Traumatol. 2013;16(05):281\u20135.","journal-title":"Chin J Traumatol"},{"key":"13075_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2019.02.014","volume":"62","author":"SA Useche","year":"2019","unstructured":"Useche SA, Montoro L, Sanmartin J, Alonso F. Healthy but risky: a descriptive study on cyclists\u2019 encouraging and discouraging factors for using bicycles, habits and safety outcomes. Transport Res F: Traffic Psychol Behav. 2019;62:587\u201398.","journal-title":"Transport Res F: Traffic Psychol Behav"},{"issue":"12","key":"13075_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.4236\/jbm.2017.512010","volume":"5","author":"VL Shrestha","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shrestha VL, Bhatta DN, Shrestha KM, Krishna Bahadur G, Paudel S. Factors and pattern of injuries associated with road traffic accidents in hilly district of Nepal. Journal of Biosciences and Medicines. 2017;5(12):88.","journal-title":"Journal of Biosciences and Medicines"},{"key":"13075_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.02.008","volume":"113","author":"TK Ojo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ojo TK. Seat belt and child restraint use in a developing country metropolitan city. Accid Anal Prev. 2018;113:325\u20139.","journal-title":"Accid Anal Prev"},{"key":"13075_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ngunde PJ, Akongnwi ACN, Mefire CA, et al. Prevalence and pattern of lower extremity injuries due to road traffic crashes in Fako division, Cameroon. Pan African medical journal. 2019;32(1).","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2019.32.53.17514"},{"key":"13075_CR46","volume-title":"Global status report on road safety 2013: supporting a decade of action: summary","author":"Organization WH","year":"2013","unstructured":"Organization WH. Global status report on road safety 2013: supporting a decade of action: summary. 2013."},{"key":"13075_CR47","volume-title":"Global status report on road safety 2015","author":"WH Organization","year":"2015","unstructured":"Organization WH. Global status report on road safety 2015: World Health Organization; 2015."},{"key":"13075_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Romero DL, de Barros DM, Belizario GO, Serafim AdP. Personality traits and risky behavior among motorcyclists: an exploratory study. PLoS One 2019;14(12):e0225949.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0225949"},{"key":"13075_CR49","unstructured":"BEATRICE O, IGWEZE AH. IJCIS J Environment & Earth Sciences (IJCIS JEES) IJCIS 2018;1(01)."},{"issue":"4","key":"13075_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iatssr.2017.11.001","volume":"42","author":"MMA Manan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Manan MMA, V\u00e1rhelyi A, \u00c7elik AK, Hashim HH. Road characteristics and environment factors associated with motorcycle fatal crashes in Malaysia. IATSS research. 2018;42(4):207\u201320.","journal-title":"IATSS research"}],"container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-022-13075-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12889-022-13075-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-022-13075-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]],"date-time":"2022-04-05T00:10:49Z","timestamp":1649117449000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12889-022-13075-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["13075"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-022-13075-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2458"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2458","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 August 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 March 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 April 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"649"}}