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Community hunters could act as first-line observers in zoonotic pathogens surveillance systems in wildlife, by reporting early signs of the possible presence of a disease in the game animals they observe and manipulate on a regular basis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>An experimental game was developed and implemented in a forested area of Gabon, in central Africa. Our objective was to improve our understanding of community hunters' decision-making when finding signs of zoonotic diseases in game animals: would they report or dissimulate these findings to a health agency? 88 hunters, divided into 9 groups of 5 to 13 participants, participated in the game, which was run over 21 rounds. In each round the players participated in a simulated hunting trip during which they had a chance of capturing a wild animal displaying clinical signs of a zoonotic disease. When signs were visible, players had to decide whether to sell\/consume the animal or to report it. The last option implied a lowered revenue from the hunt but an increased probability of early detection of zoonotic diseases with benefits for the entire group of hunters.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The results showed that false alerts\u2014i.e. a suspect case not caused by a zoonotic disease\u2014led to a decrease in the number of reports in the next round (Odds Ratio [OR]: 0.46, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.36\u20130.8, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Hunters who had an agricultural activity in addition to hunting reported suspect cases more often than others (OR: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.09\u20133.88, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.03). The number of suspect case reports increased with the rank of the game round (Incremental OR: 1.11, CI: 1.06\u20131.17, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) suggesting an increase in participants\u2019 inclination to report throughout the game.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Using experimental games presents an added value for improving the understanding of people\u2019s decisions to participate in health surveillance systems.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-17696-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T11:02:09Z","timestamp":1706785329000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["An experimental game to assess hunter\u2019s participation in zoonotic diseases surveillance"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Aude","family":"Pouliquen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilles Aur\u00e9lien Boupana","family":"Mapeyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hadrien","family":"Vanthomme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-Marie","family":"Olive","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ga\u00ebl Darren","family":"Maganga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Cornelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9bastien","family":"Lebel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marisa","family":"Peyre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexis","family":"Delabouglise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"17696_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06536","volume":"451","author":"KE Jones","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jones KE, Patel NG, Levy MA, Storeygard A, Balk D, Gittleman JL, Daszak P. 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The data collected during the interviews and game sessions were only accessible to the study investigators. Before their inclusion in the study, the objectives of the research, the type of information collected, the measures set to safeguard the privacy and the legal rights of the participants were explained orally to the participants. Their consent to participate in the study and for allowing investigators to take notes and pictures was elicited orally. Because of the limited literacy rate, a written informed consent could not be obtained from each individual participant. Instead, an informed consent form containing the information listed above (available in Supplementary Information S) and a list of the names of the people who agreed to participate was read and signed by a representative of the community (the head of the group of villages or the president of the community-based hunting association).The study protocol, including the FGD interview guide, the \u201chunter characteristics\u201d questionnaire, the game methodology, the protocol for obtaining the informed consent and the informed consent forms were reviewed and approved by the Center for International Forestry Research CIFOR\u2019s ethical review board (review number: RER2023\/001).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"342"}}