{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T04:17:47Z","timestamp":1772165867432,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["U01 DA050442-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 DA050442-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["U01 DA050442-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 DA050442-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["U01 DA050442-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 DA050442-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["U01 DA050442-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 DA050442-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) is an evidence-based approach that reduces opioid-related mortality, particularly among criminal legal-involved persons who are at increased risk of adverse outcomes related to OUD. Implementing evidence-based approaches in the context of probation settings requires an in-depth understanding of specific contexts to improve intervention efficacy and effectiveness. Here, we use the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, and Sustainment (EPIS) framework to understand implementation contexts for MOUD provision in the probation setting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In-depth individual interviews were conducted with key programmatic stakeholders (treatment providers and probation staff involved in service provision for people on probation). The study examined stakeholder perspectives regarding MOUD and Peer Support Service (PSS) implementation among people who are involved in community supervision. Deductive and inductive thematic analysis was conducted, and subsequently the codes, subcodes, and themes were mapped onto the EPIS framework to better understand implementation contexts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We deduced key inner, outer, and bridging contexts that shape treatment service provision for individuals with OUD who are on probation. Inner contexts include a strong organizational climate that supports MOUD implementation and enthusiasm for peer support services. Outer contexts include difficulty navigating insurance among providers, treatment costs, and systemic stigma towards MOUD. Bridging contexts include a lack of collaboration\/communication between relevant agencies (e.g., probation and courts).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings indicate the implementation is complex and requires a coordinated effort between correctional systems, probation agencies, and community-based treatment providers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-18133-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T05:02:24Z","timestamp":1709269344000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Contextualizing medications for opioid use disorder and peer support service provision in the probation system with implementation science"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Augustine W.","family":"Kang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amelia","family":"Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siena","family":"Napoleon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosemarie","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"18133_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.04.034","volume":"189","author":"LN Pizzicato","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pizzicato LN, Drake R, Domer-Shank R, Johnson CC, Viner KM. Beyond the walls: risk factors for overdose mortality following release from the Philadelphia Department of Prisons. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2018;189:108\u201315.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"18133_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.11.023","volume":"184","author":"L Brinkley-Rubinstein","year":"2018","unstructured":"Brinkley-Rubinstein L, McKenzie M, Macmadu A, Larney S, Zaller N, Dauria E, et al. A randomized, open label trial of methadone continuation versus forced withdrawal in a combined US prison and jail: findings at 12 months post-release. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2018;184:57\u201363.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"12","key":"18133_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003002","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003002","volume":"16","author":"M Malta","year":"2019","unstructured":"Malta M, Varatharajan T, Russell C, Pang M, Bonato S, Fischer B. Opioid-related treatment, interventions, and outcomes among incarcerated persons: a systematic review. PLoS Med. 2019;16(12):e1003002.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"18133_CR4","unstructured":"Pew Charitable Trusts. States can shorten probation and protect public safety 2020 [Available from: https:\/\/www.pewtrusts.org\/en\/research-and-analysis\/reports\/2020\/12\/states-can-shorten-probation-and-protect-public-safety."},{"issue":"12","key":"18133_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2046","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2017.0890","volume":"36","author":"N Krawczyk","year":"2017","unstructured":"Krawczyk N, Picher CE, Feder KA, Saloner B. Only one in twenty justice-referred adults in specialty treatment for opioid use receive methadone or buprenorphine. Health Aff. 2017;36(12):2046\u201353.","journal-title":"Health Aff"},{"key":"18133_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102768","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2020.102768","volume":"81","author":"CE Grella","year":"2020","unstructured":"Grella CE, Ostile E, Scott CK, Dennis M, Carnavale J. A scoping review of barriers and facilitators to implementation of medications for treatment of opioid use disorder within the criminal justice system. Int J Drug Policy. 2020;81:102768.","journal-title":"Int J Drug Policy"},{"issue":"2","key":"18133_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2017.1342662","volume":"53","author":"K McElrath","year":"2018","unstructured":"McElrath K. Medication-assisted treatment for opioid addiction in the United States: Critique and commentary. Subst Use Misuse. 2018;53(2):334\u201343.","journal-title":"Subst Use Misuse"},{"key":"18133_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gormley MA, Pericot-Valverde I, Diaz L, Coleman A, Lancaster J, Ortiz E et al. Effectiveness of peer recovery support services on stages of the opioid use disorder treatment cascade: a systematic review. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2021;229(Pt B):109123.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2021.109123"},{"key":"18133_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108339","volume":"126","author":"B Ray","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ray B, Watson DP, Xu H, Salyers MP, Victor G, Sightes E, et al. Peer recovery services for persons returning from prison: pilot randomized clinical trial investigation of SUPPORT. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2021;126:108339.","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"issue":"10","key":"18133_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1861","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624X19830596","volume":"63","author":"JM Reingle Gonzalez","year":"2019","unstructured":"Reingle Gonzalez JM, Rana RE, Jetelina KK, Roberts MH. The value of lived experience with the criminal justice system: a qualitative study of peer re-entry specialists. Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol. 2019;63(10):1861\u201375.","journal-title":"Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol"},{"issue":"1","key":"18133_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-018-0842-6","volume":"14","author":"JC Moullin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Moullin JC, Dickson KS, Stadnick NA, Rabin B, Aarons GA. Systematic review of the Exploration, Preparation, implementation, sustainment (EPIS) framework. 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Int J Drug Policy. 2022;109:103823.","journal-title":"Int J Drug Policy"},{"key":"18133_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2022.109394","volume":"234","author":"E Pivovarova","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pivovarova E, Evans EA, Stopka TJ, Santelices C, Ferguson WJ, Friedmann PD. Legislatively mandated implementation of medications for opioid use disorders in jails: a qualitative study of clinical, correctional, and jail administrator perspectives. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2022;234:109394.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"18133_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stopka TJ, Rottapel RE, Ferguson WJ, Pivovarova E, Toro-Mejias LD, Friedmann PD et al. Medication for opioid use disorder treatment continuity post-release from jail: a qualitative study with community-based treatment providers. Int J Drug Policy. 2022:103803.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2022.103803"},{"key":"18133_CR16","unstructured":"QSR International Pty Ltd. NVivo (Version 12). 2018."},{"issue":"12","key":"18133_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3473","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15565","volume":"116","author":"S Bandara","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bandara S, Kennedy-Hendricks A, Merritt S, Barry CL, Saloner B. Methadone and buprenorphine treatment in United States jails and prisons: lessons from early adopters. Addiction. 2021;116(12):3473\u201381.","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"18133_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108690","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108690","volume":"137","author":"E Kaplowitz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kaplowitz E, Truong AQ, Berk J, Martin RA, Clarke JG, Wieck M, et al. Treatment preference for opioid use disorder among people who are incarcerated. 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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the single Institutional Review Board (sIRB) University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Institutional Review Board. and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"658"}}