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Social disconnection interventions that do not require direct support actions (e.g., \u201chow can I help?\u201d) offer promise in mitigating the affective and cognitive consequences of social exclusion. We examine how various social disconnection interventions involving friends and unknown peers might mitigate social exclusion by buffering (intervening <jats:italic>before<\/jats:italic>) and by promoting recovery (intervening <jats:italic>after<\/jats:italic>).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We present an integrative data analysis (IDA) of five studies (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009664) that systematically exposed participants to exclusion (vs. inclusion) social dynamics. Using a well-validated paradigm, participants had a virtual interaction with two other people. Unbeknownst to participants, the other people\u2019s behavior was programmed to either behave inclusively toward the participant or for one to behave exclusively. Critically, our social disconnection interventions experimentally\u00a0manipulated whether a friend was present (vs. an unknown peer vs. being alone), the nature of interpersonal engagement (having a face-to-face conversation vs. a reminder of an upcoming interaction vs. mere presence), and the timing of the intervention in relation to the social dynamic (before vs. during vs. after). We then assessed participants\u2019 in-the-moment affective and cognitive responses, which included mood, feelings of belonging, sense of control, and social comfort.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Experiencing exclusion (vs. inclusion) led to negative affective and cognitive consequences. However, engaging in a face-to-face conversation with a friend <jats:italic>before<\/jats:italic> the exclusion lessened its impact (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). Moreover, a face-to-face conversation with a friend <jats:italic>after<\/jats:italic> exclusion, and even a reminder of an upcoming interaction with a friend, sped-up recovery (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>s\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). There was less conclusive evidence that a face-to-face conversation with an unknown peer, or that the mere presence of a friend or unknown peer, conferred protective benefits.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The findings provide support for the effectiveness of social disconnection interventions that involve actual (i.e., face-to-face) or symbolic (i.e., reminders) interactions with friends. These interventions target momentary vulnerabilities that arise from social exclusion\u00a0by addressing negative affect and cognitions before or after they\u00a0emerge. As such, they offer a promising approach to primary prevention prior to the onset of loneliness and social isolation.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-18365-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]],"date-time":"2024-05-07T09:01:54Z","timestamp":1715072514000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Mitigating the affective and cognitive consequences of social exclusion: an integrative data analysis of seven social disconnection interventions"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Randy T.","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gizem","family":"Surenkok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivian","family":"Zayas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"18365_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-15967-3","volume":"23","author":"HO Taylor","year":"2023","unstructured":"Taylor HO, Cudjoe TKM, Bu F, Lim MH. 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