{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T14:29:41Z","timestamp":1787927381753,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]],"date-time":"2024-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717113600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]],"date-time":"2024-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717113600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2021YFC2009304"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC2009304"]}]},{"name":"Project of Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province","award":["2021YFS0117"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFS0117"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The effects of household air pollution on urinary incontinence (UI) symptoms and stress urinary incontinence (SUI) symptoms have not been studied. This study seeks to investigate the correlation between household air pollution and UI\/SUI symptoms among middle-aged and elderly adults in India.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We employed data derived from individuals aged 45 years and older who participated in the inaugural wave (2017\u20132018) of the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI). The assessment of household air pollution exposure and the occurrence of UI\/SUI symptoms relied on self-reported data. The analytical approach adopted was cross-sectional in nature and encompassed a cohort of 64,398 participants. To explore relationships, we utilized multivariate logistic regression analysis, incorporating subgroup analysis and interaction tests.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      1,671 (2.59%) participants reported UI symptoms and 4,862 (7.55%) participants reported SUI symptoms. Also, the prevalence of UI\/SUI symptoms is much higher among middle-aged and elderly adults who use solid polluting fuels (UI: 51.23% vs. 48.77%; SUI: 54.50% vs. 45.50%). The results revealed a noteworthy correlation between household air pollution and the probability of experiencing UI\/SUI symptoms, persisting even after adjusting for all conceivable confounding variables (UI: OR\u2009=\u20091.552, 95% CI: 1.377\u20131.749,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.00001; SUI: OR: 1.459, 95% CI: 1.357\u20131.568,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.00001). Moreover, significant interaction effects were discerned for age, education level, tobacco consumption, alcohol consumption, and physical activity (p for interaction\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results of our study indicate that the utilization of solid fuels in the home increases the likelihood of developing urinary incontinence and stress urinary incontinence. As a result, we argue that there is an immediate need to reform the composition of cooking fuel and raise public awareness about the adverse effects of air pollution in the home.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-18834-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]],"date-time":"2024-05-31T10:03:26Z","timestamp":1717149806000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Household air pollution and urinary incontinence symptoms among older adults in LASI: a large-scale population-based study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Xiaoyang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengzhuo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pan","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luchen","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenghuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linchun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunfei","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"18834_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15079","volume":"77","author":"KC Nadeau","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nadeau KC, Agache I, Jutel M, Annesi Maesano I, Akdis M, Sampath V, D\u2019Amato G, Cecchi L, Traidl-Hoffmann C, Akdis CA. Climate change: a call to action for the United Nations. Allergy. 2022;77:1087\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/all.15079.","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"18834_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.113880","volume":"214","author":"A Jana","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jana A, Varghese JS, Naik G. Household air pollution and cognitive health among Indian older adults: evidence from LASI. Environ Res. 2022;214: 113880. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2022.113880.","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"18834_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10711","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1900888116","volume":"116","author":"S Chowdhury","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chowdhury S, Dey S, Guttikunda S, Pillarisetti A, Smith KR, Di Girolamo L. Indian annual ambient air quality standard is achievable by completely mitigating emissions from household sources. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2019;116:10711\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1900888116.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"18834_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8017","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-18-8017-2018","volume":"18","author":"C Venkataraman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Venkataraman C, Brauer M, Tibrewal K, Sadavarte P, Ma Q, Cohen A, Chaliyakunnel S, Frostad J, Klimont Z, Martin RV, Millet DB, Philip S, Walker K, Wang S. Source influence on emission pathways and ambient PM2.5 pollution over India (2015\u20132050). Atmos Chem Phys. 2018;18:8017\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-18-8017-2018.","journal-title":"Atmos Chem Phys"},{"key":"18834_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13281","author":"Z Hu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hu Z, Tian Y, Song X, Zeng F, Yang A. Associations between indoor air pollution for cooking and heating with muscle and sarcopenia in Chinese older population. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcsm.13281.","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"18834_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1300\/J031v15n02_02","volume":"15","author":"SI Rajan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rajan SI, Sarma PS, Mishra US. Demography of Indian aging, 2001\u20132051. J Aging Soc Policy. 2003;15:11\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1300\/J031v15n02_02.","journal-title":"J Aging Soc Policy"},{"key":"18834_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2010.08.022","volume":"95","author":"DY Deng","year":"2011","unstructured":"Deng DY. Urinary incontinence in women. Medical clinics of North America. Urologic Issues Internist. 2011;95:101\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mcna.2010.08.022.","journal-title":"Urologic Issues Internist"},{"key":"18834_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-15472-7","volume":"23","author":"S Leng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Leng S, Jin Y, Vitiello MV, Zhang Y, Ren R, Lu L, Shi J, Tang X. Self-reported insomnia symptoms are associated with urinary incontinence among older Indian adults: evidence from the longitudinal ageing study in India (LASI). BMC Public Health. 2023;23:552. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-023-15472-7.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"18834_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1080\/13697137.2018.1543263","volume":"22","author":"I Milsom","year":"2019","unstructured":"Milsom I, Gyhagen M. The prevalence of urinary incontinence. Climacteric. 2019;22:217\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13697137.2018.1543263.","journal-title":"Climacteric"},{"key":"18834_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jin Y, Zhou X, Deng L, Xiong X, Li Y, Wei Q, Dong B, Qiu S, 2022. Association between the domestic use of solid cooking fuel and increased prevalence of depression and cognitive impairment in a big developing country: A large-scale population-based study. Frontiers in Public Health 10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1038573","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1038573"},{"key":"18834_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liu Y, Shao J, Liu Q, Zhou W, Huang R, Zhou J, Ning N, Tang X, Ma Y. Association between household fuel combustion and diabetes among middle-aged and older adults in China: a cohort study. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2023;258:114974. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.114974.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.114974"},{"key":"18834_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-018-3293-0","volume":"447","author":"NK Mondal","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mondal NK, Saha H, Mukherjee B, Tyagi N, Ray MR. Inflammation, oxidative stress, and higher expression levels of Nrf2 and NQO1 proteins in the airways of women chronically exposed to biomass fuel smoke. Mol Cell Biochem. 2018;447:63\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11010-018-3293-0.","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem"},{"key":"18834_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.107741","volume":"171","author":"C Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu C, Cao G, Li J, Lian S, Zhao K, Zhong Y, Xu J, Chen Y, Bai J, Feng H, He G, Dong X, Yang P, Zeng F, Lin Z, Zhu S, Zhong X, Ma W, Liu T. Effect of long-term exposure to PM2.5 on the risk of type 2 diabetes and arthritis in type 2 diabetes patients: evidence from a national cohort in China. Environ Int. 2023;171: 107741. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2023.107741.","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"18834_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v045.i03","volume":"45","author":"S van Buuren","year":"2011","unstructured":"van Buuren S, Groothuis-Oudshoorn K. Mice: multivariate imputation by chained equations in R. J Stat Softw. 2011;45:1\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18637\/jss.v045.i03.","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"18834_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2152","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-17027-2","volume":"23","author":"X Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu X, Ma K, Yang L, Peng Z, Song P, Liu Z, Zhou J, Yu Y, Dong Q. The relationship between depression and benign prostatic hyperplasia in middle-aged and elderly men in India: a large-scale population study. BMC Public Health. 2023;23:2152. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-023-17027-2.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"18834_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.4103\/aja.aja_12_21","volume":"23","author":"Y Xiong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xiong Y, Zhang Y-C, Jin T, Qin F, Yuan J-H. Depressive males have higher odds of lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a retrospective cohort study based on propensity score matching. Asian J Androl. 2021;23:633\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/aja.aja_12_21.","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"key":"18834_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cohen A, Dias A, Azariah F, Krishna RN, Sequeira M, Abraham S, Cuijpers P, Morse JQ, Reynolds CF 3rd, Patel V. Aging and well-being in Goa, India: a qualitative study. Aging Ment Health. 2018;22(2):168\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13607863.2016.1236239.","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2016.1236239"},{"key":"18834_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2018.03.001","volume":"166","author":"B Ostro","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ostro B, Spadaro JV, Gumy S, Mudu P, Awe Y, Forastiere F, Peters A. Assessing the recent estimates of the global burden of disease for ambient air pollution: methodological changes and implications for low- and middle-income countries. Environ Res. 2018;166:713\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2018.03.001.","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"18834_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-16836-9","volume":"23","author":"S Leng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Leng S, Jin Y, Vitiello MV, Zhang Y, Ren R, Lu L, Shi J, Tang X. The association between polluted fuel use and self-reported insomnia symptoms among middle-aged and elderly Indian adults: a cross-sectional study based on LASI, wave 1. BMC Public Health. 2023;23:1953. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-023-16836-9.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"18834_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134706","volume":"703","author":"Y Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu Y, Chen X, Yan Z. Depression in the house: the effects of household air pollution from solid fuel use among the middle-aged and older population in China. Sci Total Environ. 2020;703: 134706. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134706.","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"18834_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.12852","volume":"115","author":"P Abrams","year":"2015","unstructured":"Abrams P, Smith AP, Cotterill N. The impact of urinary incontinence on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a real-world population of women aged 45\u201360 years: results from a survey in France, Germany, the UK and the USA. BJU Int. 2015;115:143\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bju.12852.","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"18834_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/s0029-7844(97)00627-3","volume":"91","author":"D Robinson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Robinson D, Pearce KF, Preisser JS, Dugan E, Suggs PK, Cohen SJ. Relationship between patient reports of urinary incontinence symptoms and quality of life measures. Obstet Gynecol. 1998;91:224\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0029-7844(97)00627-3.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"18834_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68410","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-022-20598-z","volume":"29","author":"J Ni","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ni J, Li Z, Lu Y, Zhang H, Wang G, Xie, Jinbo, Xie J, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Wang K, Mao W, Peng B. Relationship between exposure to cadmium, lead, and mercury and the occurrence of urinary incontinence in women. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022;29:68410\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-022-20598-z.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res Int"},{"key":"18834_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64692","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-022-20307-w","volume":"29","author":"X Yi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yi X, Jin K, Qiu S, Xiong X, Zhang T, Peng G, Liao D, Zheng X, Xu H, Li H, Yang L, Wei Q, Ai J. Phthalate exposure enhances incidence of urinary incontinence: US NHANES, 2003\u20132004 and 2005\u20132006. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2022;29:64692\u2013703. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-022-20307-w.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res"},{"key":"18834_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89643","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-022-22092-y","volume":"29","author":"L Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang L, Liu Z, Peng Z, Song P, Zhou J, Wang L, Chen J, Dong Q. Exposure to DEHP is potential to increase the risk of overactive bladder, evidence from NHANES 2003\u20132008. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022;29:89643\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-022-22092-y.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res Int"},{"key":"18834_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22158173","volume":"22","author":"CH Piao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Piao CH, Fan Y, Nguyen TV, Shin HS, Kim HT, Song CH, Chai OH. PM2.5 exacerbates oxidative stress and inflammatory response through the Nrf2\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathway in OVA-Induced allergic rhinitis mouse model. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22: 8173. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms22158173.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"18834_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2272","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-14749-7","volume":"22","author":"M Dakua","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dakua M, Karmakar R, Barman P. Exposure to indoor air pollution and the cognitive functioning of elderly rural women: a cross-sectional study using LASI data, India. BMC Public Health. 2022;22:2272. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-022-14749-7.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"}],"container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-024-18834-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12889-024-18834-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-024-18834-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]],"date-time":"2024-05-31T10:04:28Z","timestamp":1717149868000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12889-024-18834-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["18834"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-024-18834-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2458"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2458","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 January 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 May 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 May 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All data used in this study are all from the public domain.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1462"}}