{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T19:18:19Z","timestamp":1790882299316,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,25]],"date-time":"2024-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716595200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,25]],"date-time":"2024-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Underweight is a public health problem globally, and more severe in South Sudan with wide sub-regional differences. In Nimule border town, which represents other border towns in South Sudan, data on underweight among children below two years is unavailable. Thus, this study set out to assess predictors of underweight among children younger than 24\u00a0months in Nimule border town, Magwi County, Eastern Equatoria State, South Sudan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in Nimule boarder town targeting 390 children younger than two years. Systematic sampling and simple random sampling methods were used. Data were collected through a researcher-administered questionnaire with both open and closed ended questions. Data was entered in EpiData and then exported into Statistical Package for Social Sciences research (SPSS) version 20 for analysis. Descriptive data analysis was conducted and data were summarized into frequencies and percentages, means with standard deviations, and medians with interquartile ranges. Bivariate analysis was conducted with the Chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests for categorical independent variables, and the student\u2019s t-test for numerical variables. Finally, multivariate analysis was done via logistic regression analysis and results were stated as odds ratios (OR) with corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). The level of statistical significance was set at 5%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Out of the total 390 participants, 112 (28.7%) were under weight. The study showed primary (aOR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.12\u20131.18;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.095) and secondary (aOR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.12\u20131.17;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.091 levels of education were associated with underweight but not tertiary level of education (aOR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.21\u20132.74;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.671). Household income of 5000 to 10,000 (aOR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.10\u20130.68;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.006) and above 10,000 (aOR, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.04\u20130.28;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) South Sudanese pounds, supplementary feeding before 6\u00a0months (aOR; 0.01; 95% CI, 0.02\u20130.05;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) were associated with underweight and irregular hand washing (aOR; 2.17; 95% CI, 1.14\u20134.11;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.018) was associated with increased odds of underweight.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study established a high prevalence of underweight. Maternal level of education particularly primary, secondary, higher household incomes in excess of 5,000 South Sudanese pounds reduced the risk of underweight. While irregular hand washing was a risk factor for underweight.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-18836-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,25]],"date-time":"2024-05-25T07:01:32Z","timestamp":1716620492000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Predictors of under-weight among children younger than 24\u00a0months in Nimule Border Town, Eastern Equatoria State, South Sudan: a community-based cross sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Francis","family":"Eriga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Godfrey","family":"Gulom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John Bosco","family":"Alege","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"18836_CR1","unstructured":"WHO 2018 Global Nutrition Report; Shining a light to spur action on nutrition. 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The Principal Investigator also sought for Ethical Review and Clearance by the National Ministry of Health IRB in South Sudan. Administrative clearance was provided by Nimule Hospital Director, and Catholic Diocese of Torit Primary Health Care Center (study sites). More importantly, the study participants. Importantly, voluntary and informed consent to participate in the study was obtained from the participants before the research assistants embarked on the interviews to collect data. Consent from both adults and emancipated minors aged 14 to 17 were considered before interviewing them. The study respondents were assured of confidentiality as per the National guidelines for research involving humans as research participants (July, 2014). Similarly, the entire data management process including the interviewing of participants, were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations pertaining to research processes involving human subjects (for example- Declarations of Helsinki).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable for the above section.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"There are no competing interests in this study, findings and the manuscript.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1400"}}