{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T14:26:03Z","timestamp":1792592763957,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,19]],"date-time":"2024-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718755200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,19]],"date-time":"2024-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718755200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Neonatal mortality is a significant public health problem in Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in Somalia, where limited data exists about this. Mogadishu, the densely populated capital, faces a high rate of neonatal mortality, but this has not been widely studied on a national level. Healthcare providers and policymakers are working to reduce newborn deaths, but a comprehensive understanding of the contributing factors is crucial for effective strategies. Therefore,\u00a0this study aims to determine the magnitude of neonatal death and identify factors associated with it in Mogadishu, Somalia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A multicenter hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted to collect data from participants at 5 purposively selected hospitals in Mogadishu, Somalia. A well-structured, reliable, self-developed, validated questionnaire containing socio-demographic, maternal, and neonatal characteristics was used as a research tool. Descriptive statistics were used for categorical and continuous variables presented. Chi-square and logistic regression were used to identify factors associated with neonatal mortality at a significant level of \u03b1\u2009=\u20090.05.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 513 participants were recruited for the study. The prevalence of neonatal mortality was 26.5% [95%CI\u2009=\u200922.6\u201330.2]. In a multivariable model, 9 variables were found: female newborns (AOR\u2009=\u20091.98, 95%CI\u2009=\u20091.22\u20133.19), those their mothers who did not attend ANC visits (AOR\u2009=\u20092.59, 95%CI\u2009=\u20091.05\u20136.45), those their mothers who did not take tetanus toxoid vaccination (AOR\u2009=\u20091.82, 95%CI\u2009=\u20091.01\u20133.28), those their mothers who delivered in instrumental assistant mode (AOR\u2009=\u20093.01, 95%CI\u2009=\u20091.38\u20136.56), those who had neonatal sepsis (AOR\u2009=\u20092.24, (95%CI\u2009=\u20091.26\u20133.98), neonatal tetanus (AOR\u2009=\u200916.03, 95%CI\u2009=\u20093.69\u201369.49), and pneumonia (AOR\u2009=\u20094.06, 95%CI\u2009=\u20091.60\u201310.31) diseases during hospitalization, premature (AOR\u2009=\u20091.99, 95%CI\u2009=\u20091.00\u20133.94) and postmature (AOR\u2009=\u20094.82, 95%CI\u2009=\u20091.64\u201314.16) neonates, those with a birth weight of less than 2500 gr (AOR\u2009=\u20094.82, 95%CI\u2009=\u20092.34\u20139.95), those who needed resuscitation after delivery (AOR\u2009=\u20092.78, 95%CI\u2009=\u20091.51\u20135.13), and those who did not initiate early breastfeeding (AOR\u2009=\u20092.28, 95%CI\u2009=\u20091.12\u20134.66), were significantly associated with neonatal mortality compared to their counterparts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, neonatal mortality was high prevalence. Therefore, the intervention efforts should focus on strategies to reduce maternal and neonatal factors related to neonatal mortality. Healthcare workers and health institutions should provide appropriate antenatal, postnatal, and newborn care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-19149-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,19]],"date-time":"2024-06-19T05:01:54Z","timestamp":1718773314000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Neonatal mortality and associated factors among newborns in Mogadishu, Somalia: a multicenter hospital-based cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Ikran Abdulkadir","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamornsri","family":"Inchon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sirinan","family":"Suwannaporn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jullapong","family":"Achalapong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"19149_CR1","unstructured":"Neonatal WH, Mortality P. Country, regional and global estimates. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2016. https:\/\/www.who.int\/reproductivehealth\/publications\/maternal_perinatal_health\/monitoring\/en\/."},{"issue":"1","key":"19149_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-14-1","volume":"14","author":"F Yego","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yego F, D\u2019Este C, Byles J, Nyongesa P, Williams JS. A case-control study of risk factors for fetal and early neonatal deaths in a tertiary hospital in Kenya. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2014;14(1):1\u20139.","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"19149_CR3","unstructured":"Rozance PJ WCJ. The neonate. In: Landon MB, Galan HL, Jauniaux ERM, et al. (eds.). Gabbe\u2019s Obstetrics: Normal and Problem Pregnancies. 8th edn. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2020. Chap 23."},{"key":"19149_CR4","unstructured":"WHO. Newborns: reducing mortality. 2019. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/newbornsreducing-mortality."},{"key":"19149_CR5","unstructured":"UNICEF. Neonatal mortality. 2023. https:\/\/unicef.org\/topic\/child-survival\/neonatal-mortality\/."},{"issue":"9462","key":"19149_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)71048-5","volume":"365","author":"JE Lawn","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lawn JE, Cousens S, Zupan J. 4 million neonatal deaths: when? Where? Why? Lancet. 2005;365(9462):891\u2013900.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"19149_CR7","volume-title":"Levels & trends in child mortality. Estimates Developed by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation","author":"United Nations","year":"2017","unstructured":"United Nations. Levels & trends in child mortality. Estimates Developed by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation. New York\/Geneva\/Washington DC: United Nations; 2017."},{"key":"19149_CR8","unstructured":"IGME U. Levels & trends in child mortality: report 2019, estimates developed by the United Nations Inter-Agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation. 2019. https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/media\/79371\/file\/UN-IGME-child-mortality-report-2020.Pdf."},{"key":"19149_CR9","unstructured":"Hug L SDYD. Levels and trends in child mortality: report 2017. In.: The World Bank."},{"key":"19149_CR10","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Newborns: improving survival and well-being. 2020. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/newborns-reducing-mortality."},{"issue":"7","key":"19149_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1177\/1010539515604944","volume":"27","author":"C Binns","year":"2015","unstructured":"Binns C, Low WY. Neonatal public health: progress and challenges. Asia Pac J Public Health. 2015;27(7):688\u20139.","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"19149_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e710","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(19)30163-9","volume":"7","author":"L Hug","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hug L, Alexander M, You D, Alkema L. National, regional, and global levels and trends in neonatal mortality between 1990 and 2017, with scenario-based projections to 2030: a systematic analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2019;7(6):e710\u201320.","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"19149_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1590\/1980-5497201700050005","volume":"20","author":"EB Fran\u00e7a","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fran\u00e7a EB, Lansky S, Rego MA, Malta DC, Fran\u00e7a JS, Teixeira R, Porto D, Almeida MF, Souza MD, Szwarcwald CL, Mooney M. Leading causes of child mortality in Brazil, in 1990 and 2015: estimates from the Global Burden of Disease study. Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2017;20:46\u201360.","journal-title":"Rev Bras Epidemiol"},{"key":"19149_CR14","volume-title":"Trends in maternal mortality: 1990 to 2015","author":"WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, The World Bank, United Nations Population Division","year":"2015","unstructured":"WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, The World Bank, United Nations Population Division. Trends in maternal mortality: 1990 to 2015. Geneva: WHO; 2015."},{"key":"19149_CR15","volume-title":"Levels and trends in child mortality: report 2015","author":"UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (IGME)","year":"2015","unstructured":"UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (IGME). Levels and trends in child mortality: report 2015. New York: UNICEF; 2015. http:\/\/www.childmortality.org."},{"issue":"1","key":"19149_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4755-11-82","volume":"11","author":"T Wardlaw","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wardlaw T, You D, Hug L, Amouzou A, Newby H. UNICEF Report: enormous progress in child survival but greater focus on newborns urgently needed. Reprod Health. 2014;11(1):1\u20134.","journal-title":"Reprod Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"19149_CR17","first-page":"e0269458","volume":"2","author":"ND Goldstuck","year":"2014","unstructured":"Goldstuck ND. Healthcare in low-resource settings: the individual perspective. Healthcare Low Res Set. 2014;2(2):e0269458.","journal-title":"Healthcare Low Res Set"},{"issue":"2","key":"19149_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.4314\/ahs.v18i2.22","volume":"18","author":"BA Owusu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Owusu BA, Lim A, Makaje N, Wobil P, SameAe A. Neonatal mortality at the neonatal unit: the situation at a teaching hospital in Ghana. Afr Health Sci. 2018;18(2):369\u201377.","journal-title":"Afr Health Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"19149_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.4103\/2249-4847.191251","volume":"5","author":"S Malik","year":"2016","unstructured":"Malik S, Gohiya P, Khan IA. Morbidity profile and mortality of neonates admitted in neonatal intensive care unit of a central India teaching institute: a prospective observational study. J Clin Neonatol. 2016;5(3):168\u201373.","journal-title":"J Clin Neonatol"},{"key":"19149_CR20","unstructured":"C\u00e9lestin Mamba, WK, Hermes Karemere. Factors associated with neonatal mortality. Int J Sci Res. 2016;7(7)."},{"issue":"9","key":"19149_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e107184","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0107184","volume":"9","author":"GT Debelew","year":"2014","unstructured":"Debelew GT, Afework MF, Yalew AW. Determinants and causes of neonatal mortality in Jimma zone, southwest Ethiopia: a multilevel analysis of prospective follow up study. PLoS One. 2014;9(9):e107184.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"2","key":"19149_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.08.050963","volume":"87","author":"I Jehan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jehan I, Harris H, Salat S, Zeb A, Mobeen N, Pasha O, McClure EM, Moore J, Wright LL, Goldenberg RL. Neonatal mortality, risk factors and causes: A prospective population-based cohort study in urban Pakistan. Bull World Health Organ. 2009;87(2):130\u20138.","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"19149_CR23","unstructured":"WHO. Global Health Observatory (GHO) data. Retrieved from World Health Organization; 2019. https:\/\/www.who.int\/gho\/childhealth\/mortality\/neonatalinfanttext\/en\/."},{"key":"19149_CR24","volume-title":"Newborns: improving survival and well-being","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2020","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Newborns: improving survival and well-being. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020."},{"issue":"1","key":"19149_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-019-4668-3","volume":"12","author":"HF Wolde","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wolde HF, Gonete KA, Akalu TY, Baraki AG, Lakew AM. Factors affecting neonatal mortality in the general population: evidence from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS)\u2014multilevel analysis. BMC Res Notes. 2019;12(1):1\u20136.","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"19149_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-8118-x","volume":"20","author":"AK Andegiorgish","year":"2020","unstructured":"Andegiorgish AK, Andemariam M, Temesghen S, Ogbai L, Ogbe Z, Zeng L. Neonatal mortality and associated factors in the specialized neonatal care unit Asmara, Eritrea. BMC Public Health. 2020;20:1\u20139.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"19149_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-019-2227-5","volume":"19","author":"TT Orsido","year":"2019","unstructured":"Orsido TT, Asseffa NA, Berheto TM. Predictors of Neonatal mortality in Neonatal intensive care unit at referral Hospital in Southern Ethiopia: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2019;19:1\u20139.","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"19149_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-019-2243-5","volume":"19","author":"F Kidus","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kidus F, Woldemichael K, Hiko D. Predictors of neonatal mortality in Assosa zone, Western Ethiopia: a matched case control study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2019;19:1\u20133.","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"19149_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-019-1881-0","volume":"19","author":"A Mersha","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mersha A, Bante A, Shibiru S. Neonatal mortality, and its determinates in public hospitals of Gamo and Gofa zones, southern Ethiopia: prospective follow up study. BMC Pediatr. 2019;19:1\u20138.","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"19149_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-017-0369-5","volume":"43","author":"PK Ndombo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ndombo PK, Ekei QM, Tochie JN, Temgoua MN, Angong FT, Ntock FN, Mbuagbaw L. A cohort analysis of neonatal hospital mortality rate and predictors of neonatal mortality in a sub-urban hospital of Cameroon. Ital J Pediatr. 2017;43:1\u20138.","journal-title":"Ital J Pediatr"},{"key":"19149_CR31","volume-title":"Levels & trends in estimates developed by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation United Nation","author":"UNICEF","year":"2018","unstructured":"UNICEF. Levels & trends in estimates developed by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation United Nation. 2018."},{"issue":"5","key":"19149_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0268648","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0268648","volume":"17","author":"HA Mohamed","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mohamed HA, Shiferaw Z, Roble AK, Kure MA. Neonatal mortality and associated factors among neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit at public hospitals of Somali Regional State, Eastern Ethiopia: a multicenter retrospective analysis. PLoS One. 2022;17(5):e0268648.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"6","key":"19149_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/27.6.279","volume":"27","author":"AS Aden","year":"1981","unstructured":"Aden AS, Birk SI. A study of child mortality in Mogadishu, Somalia. J Trop Pediatr. 1981;27(6):279\u201384.","journal-title":"J Trop Pediatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"19149_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(89)90188-3","volume":"29","author":"J Holian","year":"1989","unstructured":"Holian J. Infant mortality and health care in Mexican communities. Soc Sci Med. 1989;29(5):677\u20139.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"19149_CR35","unstructured":"Jimale HS, Omer AS, Mahdi AY, Ahmed AM. Utilization of antenatal care services among pregnant mothers in Wadajir District, Banadir Region-Mogadishu Somalia. Age. 2020;14(20):67."},{"issue":"10","key":"19149_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.3390\/children9101518","volume":"9","author":"AI Omar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Omar AI, Mohamed AD, Farah MG, Mahad IA, Mohamed SA, Dimbil AH, Mohamud NS, Abshir FA, Abdulkadir UA. Maternal risk factors associated with preterm births among pregnant women in Mogadishu, Somalia. Children. 2022;9(10):1518.","journal-title":"Children"},{"key":"19149_CR37","unstructured":"UNIFEF. Health program children. 2019. https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/somalia\/health."},{"key":"19149_CR38","volume-title":"Sampling techniques","author":"WG Cochran","year":"1963","unstructured":"Cochran WG. Sampling techniques. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley; 1963.","edition":"2"},{"key":"19149_CR39","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling.\u00a0Wiley StatsRef: Statistics Reference Online","author":"CJ Skinner","year":"2014","unstructured":"Skinner CJ. Probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling.\u00a0Wiley StatsRef: Statistics Reference Online. 2014. p. 1\u20135."},{"issue":"1","key":"19149_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-021-03049-5","volume":"22","author":"M ZelalemAyichew","year":"2022","unstructured":"ZelalemAyichew M, DersehGezie L, Gelagay AA, Anmut BD. Neonatal mortality and associated factors among neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit of Gandhi memorial hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2019. BMC Pediatr. 2022;22(1):1\u20139.","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"19149_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327574IJT0302_5","volume":"3","author":"RC Turner","year":"2003","unstructured":"Turner RC, Carlson L. Indexes of item-objective congruence for multidimensional items. Int J Test. 2003;3(2):163\u201371.","journal-title":"Int J Test"},{"key":"19149_CR42","volume-title":"Congenital anomalies","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2020","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Congenital anomalies. 2020."},{"key":"19149_CR43","unstructured":"The Apgar Score. www.acog.org. Retrieved 2021\u201309\u201310."},{"issue":"5","key":"19149_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mpmed.2010.01.008","volume":"38","author":"J Ross","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ross J. Pelvic inflammatory disease. Medicine. 2010;38(5):255\u20139.","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"19149_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kulczycki A. \u201cAbortion\u201d. Oxford Bibliographies  Online; Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 13 April 2014. Retrieved 9 April 2014.","DOI":"10.1093\/obo\/9780199756797-0090"},{"issue":"1","key":"19149_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1751-0473-3-17","volume":"3","author":"Z Bursac","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bursac Z, Gauss CH, Williams DK, Hosmer DW. Purposeful selection of variables in logistic regression. Source Code Biol Med. 2008;3(1):1\u20138.","journal-title":"Source Code Biol Med"},{"key":"19149_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hosmer Jr DW, Lemeshow S, Sturdivant RX. Applied logistic regression. John Wiley & Sons; 2013.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118548387"},{"key":"19149_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.2147\/PHMT.S235591","volume":"11","author":"FB Hadgu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hadgu FB, Gebretsadik LG, Mihretu HG, Berhe AH. Prevalence and factors associated with neonatal mortality at Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northern Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study. Pediatric Health Med Ther. 2020;11:29\u201337.","journal-title":"Pediatric Health Med Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"19149_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-021-02598-z","volume":"21","author":"A Eyeberu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Eyeberu A, Shore H, Getachew T, Atnafe G, Dheresa M. Neonatal mortality among neonates admitted to NICU of Hiwot Fana specialized university hospital, eastern Ethiopia, 2020: a cross-sectional study design. BMC Pediatr. 2021;21(1):1\u20139.","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"19149_CR50","first-page":"58","volume":"9","author":"RM Mashako","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mashako RM, Ngbonda D, Alworong\u2019a O. Predictive factors of neonatal mortality in intensive neonatal care unit at Goma Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. J Pediatr Neonatal Care. 2019;9(2):58\u201361.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Neonatal Care"},{"issue":"9","key":"19149_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0203314","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0203314","volume":"13","author":"A Elmi Farah","year":"2018","unstructured":"Elmi Farah A, Abbas AH, Tahir AA. Trends of admission and predictors of neonatal mortality: a hospital based retrospective cohort study in Somali region of Ethiopia. PLoS One. 2018;13(9):e0203314.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"19149_CR52","first-page":"2018","volume":"29","author":"GN Annan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Annan GN, Asiedu Y. Predictors of neonatal deaths in Ashanti Region of Ghana: a cross-sectional study. Adv Public Health. 2018;29:2018.","journal-title":"Adv Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"19149_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.4314\/ahs.v14i3.4","volume":"14","author":"ME Mah","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mah ME, Chiabi A, Tchokoteu PF, Nguefack S, Bogne JB, Siyou H, Soh FF, Mbonda E, Tchokoteu PF. Neonatal mortality in a referral hospital in Cameroon over a seven-year period: Trends, associated factors and causes. Afr Health Sci. 2014;14(3):517\u201325.","journal-title":"Afr Health Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"19149_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0242481","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0242481","volume":"16","author":"A WodayTadesse","year":"2021","unstructured":"WodayTadesse A, MekuriaNegussie Y, Aychiluhm SB. Neonatal mortality and its associated factors among neonates admitted at public hospitals, pastoral region, Ethiopia: a health facility-based study. PLoS One. 2021;16(3):e0242481.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"3","key":"19149_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2010.07.010","volume":"111","author":"KK Loo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Loo KK, Li Y, Tan Y, Luo X, Presson A, Shih W. Prenatal anxiety associated with male child preference among expectant mothers at 10\u201320 weeks of pregnancy in Xiangyun County, China. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2010;111(3):229\u201332.","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Obstet"},{"issue":"5","key":"19149_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e056112","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-056112","volume":"12","author":"S Subedi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Subedi S, Katz J, Erchick DJ, Verhulst A, Khatry SK, Mullany LC, Tielsch JM, LeClerq SC, Christian P, West KP, Guillot M. Does higher early neonatal mortality in boys reverse over the neonatal period? A pooled analysis from three trials of Nepal. BMJ Open. 2022;12(5):e056112.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"19149_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-020-01028-0","volume":"17","author":"ZH Aghai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aghai ZH, Goudar SS, Patel A, Saleem S, Dhaded SM, Kavi A, Lalakia P, Naqvi F, Hibberd PL, McClure EM, Nolen TL. Gender variations in neonatal and early infant mortality in India and Pakistan: a secondary analysis from the Global Network Maternal Newborn Health Registry. Reprod Health. 2020;17:1.","journal-title":"Reprod Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"19149_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-014-0372-4","volume":"14","author":"L Hou","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hou L, Wang X, Li G, Zou L, Chen Y, Zhang W. Cross sectional study in China: fetal gender has adverse perinatal outcomes in mainland China. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2014;14(1):1\u20138.","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"11","key":"19149_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e48891","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0048891","volume":"7","author":"A Singh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Singh A, Pallikadavath S, Ogollah R, Stones W. Maternal tetanus toxoid vaccination and neonatal mortality in rural north India. PLoS One. 2012;7(11):e48891.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"19149_CR60","unstructured":"United Nations Children\u2019s Funds. Committing to child survival: a promise renewed; 2015. 2017. http:\/\/www.apromiserenewed.org. Accessed 30 Jun 2017."},{"issue":"1","key":"19149_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-10156-6","volume":"21","author":"G Adjei","year":"2021","unstructured":"Adjei G, Darteh EK, Nettey OE, Doku DT. Neonatal mortality in the central districts of Ghana: analysis of community and composition factors. BMC Public Health. 2021;21(1):1\u20134.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"19149_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e062776","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-062776","volume":"12","author":"E Kitt","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kitt E, Hayes M, Congdon M, Ballester L, Sewawa KB, Mulale U, Mazhani L, Arscott-Mills T, Steenhoff A, Coffin S. Risk factors for mortality in a hospitalised neonatal cohort in Botswana. BMJ Open. 2022;12(9):e062776.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"19149_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-022-03255-4","volume":"16","author":"C Nakubulwa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nakubulwa C, Opio E, Alekat GS, Kibetenga M, Alaroker FO. Neonatal tetanus with good outcomes at a regional referral hospital in Eastern Uganda: a case report. J Med Case Rep. 2022;16(1):54.","journal-title":"J Med Case Rep"},{"issue":"11","key":"19149_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2234","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.3091","volume":"8","author":"R Okidi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Okidi R, Sambo VD, Eyul J. Neonatal tetanus in St. Mary\u2019s Hospital Lacor: a case report. Clin Case Rep. 2020;8(11):2234\u20136.","journal-title":"Clin Case Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"19149_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.1097\/MS9.0000000000000672","volume":"85","author":"AK Mohamud","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mohamud AK, Ahmed OA, Ali IA, Dirie NI. Demographical, clinical, and complication differences between vaccinated and unvaccinated hospitalized children with measles in mogadishu somalia: a hospital-based retrospective cohort study. Ann Med Surg. 2023;85(5):1550.","journal-title":"Ann Med Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"19149_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-023-04723-x","volume":"23","author":"AK Mohamud","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mohamud AK, Ahmed OA, Mohamud AA, Dirie NI. Prevalence of and factors associated with depression among adult patients living with HIV\/AIDs undergoing ART unit in Banadir hospital, Mogadishu Somalia. BMC Psychiatry. 2023;23(1):1\u20138.","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"19149_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-16562-2","volume":"23","author":"AK Mohamud","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mohamud AK, Ali IA, Ali AI, Dirie NI, Inchon P, Ahmed OA, Mohamud AA. Assessment of healthcare workers\u2019 knowledge and attitude on Ebola virus disease in Somalia: a multicenter nationwide survey. BMC Public Health. 2023;23(1):1.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"19149_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3364","DOI":"10.1097\/MS9.0000000000000880","volume":"85","author":"AK Mohamud","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mohamud AK, Ahmed OA, Mohamud AA, Dirie NI. Magnitude of opportunistic infections and associated factors among adult people living with human immune deficient virus on art at selected public hospital, mogadishu somalia: cross-sectional study. Ann Med Surg. 2023;85(7):3364.","journal-title":"Ann Med Surg"},{"key":"19149_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-020-02051-7","volume":"20","author":"A Desalew","year":"2020","unstructured":"Desalew A, Sintayehu Y, Teferi N, Amare F, Geda B, Worku T, Abera K, Asefaw A. Cause and predictors of neonatal mortality among neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care units of public hospitals in eastern Ethiopia: a facility-based prospective follow-up study. BMC Pediatr. 2020;20:1.","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"19149_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-016-0170-6","volume":"15","author":"HG Mengesha","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mengesha HG, Lerebo WT, Kidanemariam A, Gebrezgiabher G, Berhane Y. Pre-term and post-term births: predictors and implications on neonatal mortality in Northern Ethiopia. BMC Nurs. 2016;15:1.","journal-title":"BMC Nurs"},{"issue":"04","key":"19149_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.4236\/ojped.2017.74029","volume":"7","author":"I Afeke","year":"2017","unstructured":"Afeke I, Mac-Ankrah L, Jamfaru I, Amegan-Aho KH, Mbroh HK, Lokpo SY, Obum E, Geni D, Adu-Amankwaah J, Orish VN. Maternal age, low birth weight and early neonatal death in tertiary Hospital in the Volta Region of Ghana. Open J Pediatr. 2017;7(04):254.","journal-title":"Open J Pediatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"19149_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0000205","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0000205","volume":"2","author":"AK Kannaujiya","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kannaujiya AK, Kumar K, Upadhyay AK, McDougal L, Raj A, James KS, Singh A. Effect of preterm birth on early neonatal, late neonatal, and postneonatal mortality in India. PLOS Global Public Health. 2022;2(6):e0000205.","journal-title":"PLOS Global Public Health"},{"key":"19149_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-015-1807-3","volume":"8","author":"R Shah","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shah R, Sharma B, Khanal V, Pandey UK, Vishwokarma A, Malla DK. Factors associated with neonatal deaths in Chitwan district of Nepal. BMC Res Notes. 2015;8:1\u20138.","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"issue":"10","key":"19149_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0164472","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0164472","volume":"11","author":"T Kolola","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kolola T, Ekubay M, Tesfa E, Morka W. Determinants of neonatal mortality in north Shoa zone, Amhara regional state, Ethiopia. PLoS One. 2016;11(10):e0164472.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"19149_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205031212211130","DOI":"10.1177\/20503121221113091","volume":"10","author":"C Shimalis","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shimalis C, Hasen T, Regasa MT, Desalegn Z, Mulisa D, Upashe SP. Complications of instrumental vaginal deliveries and associated factors in hospitals of Western Oromia, Ethiopia. SAGE Open Med. 2022;10:20503121221113092.","journal-title":"SAGE Open Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"19149_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.14820","volume":"125","author":"GM Muraca","year":"2018","unstructured":"Muraca GM, Skoll A, Lisonkova S, Sabr Y, Brant R, Cundiff GW, Joseph KS. Perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality among term singletons following midcavity operative vaginal delivery versus caesarean delivery. BJOG. 2018;125(6):693\u2013702.","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"7","key":"19149_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2019.00489","volume":"26","author":"R Moshiro","year":"2019","unstructured":"Moshiro R, Mdoe P, Perlman JM. A global view of neonatal asphyxia and resuscitation. Front Pediatr. 2019;26(7):489.","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"issue":"7","key":"19149_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2011.12.011","volume":"83","author":"HL Ersdal","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ersdal HL, Mduma E, Svensen E, Perlman JM. Early initiation of basic resuscitation interventions including face mask ventilation may reduce birth asphyxia related mortality in low-income countries: a prospective descriptive observational study. Resuscitation. 2012;83(7):869\u201373.","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"2","key":"19149_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e353","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-1795","volume":"131","author":"G Msemo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Msemo G, Massawe A, Mmbando D, Rusibamayila N, Manji K, Kidanto HL, Mwizamuholya D, Ringia P, Ersdal HL, Perlman J. Newborn mortality and fresh stillbirth rates in Tanzania after helping babies breathe training. Pediatrics. 2013;131(2):e353\u201360.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"19149_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-017-0966-x","volume":"17","author":"V Oktaria","year":"2017","unstructured":"Oktaria V, Lee KJ, Bines JE, Watts E, Satria CD, Atthobari J, Nirwati H, Kirkwood CD, Soenarto Y, Danchin MH. Nutritional status, exclusive breastfeeding and management of acute respiratory illness and diarrhea in the first 6 months of life in infants from two regions of Indonesia. BMC Pediatr. 2017;17(1):1.","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"19149_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13006-018-0162-0","volume":"13","author":"D Phukan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Phukan D, Ranjan M, Dwivedi LK. Impact of timing of breastfeeding initiation on neonatal mortality in India. Int Breastfeed J. 2018;13:1.","journal-title":"Int Breastfeed J"},{"key":"19149_CR82","volume-title":"Neonatal intensive care unit guideline, Ethiopia","author":"Federal Ministry of Health Ethiopia","year":"2012","unstructured":"Federal Ministry of Health Ethiopia. Neonatal intensive care unit guideline, Ethiopia. 2012."}],"container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-024-19149-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12889-024-19149-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-024-19149-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,19]],"date-time":"2024-06-19T17:02:49Z","timestamp":1718816569000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12889-024-19149-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,19]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["19149"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-024-19149-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2458"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2458","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 June 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 June 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 June 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Ethical Committee on Human Research of Mae Fah Luang University (EC No.22204\u201318) in Thailand and the Ethical Committee from the Ministry of Health in Somalia (Ref No: MOH&HS\/DGO\/1934\/December\/2022). The investigators obtained permission from the managers at purposively selected hospitals to proceed with data collection, and written informed consent was obtained from the mothers and legal guardians and thumb signatures for the illiterate participants; those who met the inclusion criteria and consented to the research project participated in the study. This procedure of informed consent by thumb signature was approved by the Ethical Committee on Human Research of Mae Fah Luang University in Thailand and the Ministry of Health in Somalia, and they approved all research procedures. All the mothers and legal guardians who participated in the study were informed about the voluntary responses to the study questions through a face-to-face interview. They were informed of the study\u2019s objectives, benefits, and risks and could withdraw from the interview at any time. All study participants were assured that the information they gave data collectors remained anonymous and confidential. The finding of data, which the investigators only used for academic purposes to present, could not reflect individual information. The study was conducted under the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1635"}}