{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T22:51:03Z","timestamp":1789685463381,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]],"date-time":"2024-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721952000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]],"date-time":"2024-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Marketing has a significant impact on the normalisation of gambling for youth across the globe. This has included shaping positive attitudes towards gambling, as well as increasing the social and cultural acceptance of gambling \u2013 particularly aligned with valued activities such as sport. Because of this, public health experts argue that gambling marketing poses a significant risk to the health and wellbeing of youth. While young people are increasingly exposed to, and impacted by marketing for gambling products, they are rarely consulted about policy issues and options. This study aimed to explore young Australians\u2019 perceptions of current policy responses to gambling advertising, whether they thought young people should be involved in discussions and decisions about gambling marketing regulations, and their perceptions of the duty of governments to protect young people from gambling industry marketing strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Qualitative focus groups (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200922) were held with\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200964, 12\u201317\u00a0year olds in the Australian states of Victoria and New South Wales. Participants were asked to reflect on current gambling policies, particularly relating to marketing, what they thought should be done about gambling marketing, and if and how young people should be included in public health responses to gambling. An interpretivist \u2018Big Q\u2019 approach to reflexive thematic analysis was used.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Young people highlighted the need for more effective regulations around the content and frequency of gambling marketing. They also wanted to see more realistic representations of the negative impacts of gambling to counter persistent positive commercial marketing messages. Most thought that young people should be given an opportunity to have a say about responses to gambling due to their unique experiences. Participants identified mechanisms to increase young people\u2019s engagement in decision making, such as direct lines of communication to different levels of government, involvement in research, and diversifying ways of engagement. Specific recommendations included more regulatory action such as bans on gambling advertising.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Creating formal structures that facilitate the inclusion of young people\u2019s perspectives in decisions made about gambling can result in more innovative and effective strategies to prevent the harms from gambling industry products, promotions, and practices.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-19331-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]],"date-time":"2024-07-26T18:03:38Z","timestamp":1722017018000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["\u201cIt\u2019s changing our lives, not for the better. It\u2019s important that we have a say\u201d. The role of young people in informing public health and policy decisions about gambling marketing"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Hannah","family":"Pitt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"McCarthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Randle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grace","family":"Arnot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mike","family":"Daube","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"19331_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/heapro\/daac194","volume":"38","author":"S Thomas","year":"2023","unstructured":"Thomas S, van Schalkwyk MC, Daube M, Pitt H, McGee D, McKee M. Protecting children and young people from contemporary marketing for gambling. Health Promot Int. 2023;38:1\u201314.","journal-title":"Health Promot Int"},{"key":"19331_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/heapro\/daad110","volume":"38","author":"S Thomas","year":"2023","unstructured":"Thomas S, Cowlishaw S, Francis J, van Schalkwyk MC, Daube M, Pitt H, McCarthy S, McGee D, Petticrew M, Rwafa-Ponela T. Global public health action is needed to counter the commercial gambling industry. Health Promot Int. 2023;38:1\u20138","journal-title":"Health Promot Int"},{"key":"19331_CR3","unstructured":"ACMA. Gambling advertising in Australia: placement and spending. 2023. Available: https:\/\/www.acma.gov.au\/publications\/2023-10\/report\/gambling-advertising-australia-placement-and-spending. Accessed 28.06.24."},{"key":"19331_CR4","unstructured":"Finkelstein R. Report of the Royal Commission into the Casino Operator and Licence. Australia: Royal Commission into the Casino Operator and Licence. 2021. Available: https:\/\/www.rccol.vic.gov.au\/."},{"key":"19331_CR5","unstructured":"Statista Research Department. Online gambling ad spend in the U.S. 2021-2023 [Online]. Statista. 2023. Available: https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/1350628\/online-gambling-ad-spend-usa\/.\u00a0Accessed 22 Mar 2024."},{"key":"19331_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-10805-w","volume":"21","author":"J Torrance","year":"2021","unstructured":"Torrance J, John B, Greville J, O\u2019Hanrahan M, Davies N, Roderique-Davies G. Emergent gambling advertising; a rapid review of marketing content, delivery and structural features. BMC Public Health. 2021;21:1\u201313.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"19331_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1017\/bhj.2020.23","volume":"6","author":"D Birchall","year":"2021","unstructured":"Birchall D. Corporate power over human rights: An analytical framework. Business and Human Rights Journal. 2021;6:42\u201366.","journal-title":"Business and Human Rights Journal"},{"key":"19331_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Lacy-Vawdon C, Vandenberg B, Livingstone C. Power and other commercial determinants of health: an empirical study of the Australian food, alcohol, and gambling industries.\u00a0Int J Health Policy Manag. 2023;12:1\u20135.","DOI":"10.34172\/ijhpm.2023.7723"},{"key":"19331_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0268701","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0268701","volume":"17","author":"L Carters-White","year":"2022","unstructured":"Carters-White L, Hilton S, Skivington K, Chambers S. Children\u2019s, parents\u2019 and professional stakeholders\u2019 views on power concerning the regulation of online advertising of unhealthy food to young people in the UK: A qualitative study. PLoS ONE. 2022;17:e0268701.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"19331_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1007\/s40429-022-00449-0","volume":"9","author":"BK Bitanihirwe","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bitanihirwe BK, Adebisi T, Bunn C, Ssewanyana D, Darby P, Kitchin P. Gambling in Sub-Saharan Africa: traditional forms and emerging technologies. Curr Addict Rep. 2022;9:373\u201384.","journal-title":"Curr Addict Rep"},{"key":"19331_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1080\/16066359.2016.1205042","volume":"25","author":"EG Deans","year":"2017","unstructured":"Deans EG, Thomas SL, Daube M, Derevensky J. The role of peer influences on the normalisation of sports wagering: a qualitative study of Australian men. Addiction Research & Theory. 2017;25:103\u201313.","journal-title":"Addiction Research & Theory"},{"key":"19331_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15665","volume":"117","author":"M Balem","year":"2022","unstructured":"Balem M, Perrot B, Hardouin JB, Thiabaud E, Saillard A, Grall-Bronnec M, Challet-Bouju G. Impact of wagering inducements on the gambling behaviors of on-line gamblers: a longitudinal study based on gambling tracking data. Addiction. 2022;117:1020.","journal-title":"Addiction (Abingdon, England)"},{"key":"19331_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-017-0131-8","volume":"14","author":"EG Deans","year":"2017","unstructured":"Deans EG, Thomas SL, Derevensky J, Daube M. The influence of marketing on the sports betting attitudes and consumption behaviours of young men: implications for harm reduction and prevention strategies. Harm Reduct J. 2017;14:1\u201312.","journal-title":"Harm Reduct J"},{"key":"19331_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-6405.13298","volume":"46","author":"S Marko","year":"2022","unstructured":"Marko S, Thomas SL, Pitt H, Daube M. \u201cAussies love a bet\u201d: Gamblers discuss the social acceptance and cultural accommodation of gambling in Australia. Aust N Z J Public Health. 2022;46:829\u201334.","journal-title":"Australian New Zealand Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"19331_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-019-0291-9","volume":"16","author":"N Djohari","year":"2019","unstructured":"Djohari N, Weston G, Cassidy R, Wemyss M, Thomas S. Recall and awareness of gambling advertising and sponsorship in sport in the UK: A study of young people and adults. Harm Reduct J. 2019;16:1\u201312.","journal-title":"Harm Reduct J"},{"key":"19331_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2020.04.018","volume":"184","author":"D McGee","year":"2020","unstructured":"McGee D. On the normalisation of online sports gambling among young adult men in the UK: a public health perspective. Public Health. 2020;184:89\u201394.","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"19331_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-3610-z","volume":"16","author":"H Pitt","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pitt H, Thomas SL, Bestman A. Initiation, influence, and impact: adolescents and parents discuss the marketing of gambling products during Australian sporting matches. BMC Public Health. 2016;16:1\u201312.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"19331_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-13109-9","volume":"22","author":"S Marko","year":"2022","unstructured":"Marko S, Thomas SL, Robinson K, Daube M. Gamblers\u2019 perceptions of responsibility for gambling harm: a critical qualitative inquiry. BMC Public Health. 2022;22:1\u201314.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"19331_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2022.101122","volume":"18","author":"MC van Schalkwyk","year":"2022","unstructured":"van Schalkwyk MC, Hawkins B, Petticrew M. The politics and fantasy of the gambling education discourse: an analysis of gambling industry-funded youth education programmes in the United Kingdom. SSM-Population Health. 2022;18:101122.","journal-title":"SSM-Population Health"},{"key":"19331_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-019-00103-3","volume":"18","author":"M Smith","year":"2020","unstructured":"Smith M, Chambers T, Abbott M, Signal L. High stakes: Children\u2019s exposure to gambling and gambling marketing using wearable cameras. Int J Ment Heal Addict. 2020;18:1025\u201347.","journal-title":"Int J Ment Heal Addict"},{"key":"19331_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thomas S, McCarthy S, Pitt H, Marko S, Cowlishaw S, Randle M, Daube M.\u00a0\u201cIt is always there in your face\u201d. Australian young people discuss exposure to gambling activities and promotions.\u00a0SSM Qual Res Health. 2023;3:100220.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmqr.2023.100220"},{"key":"19331_CR22","unstructured":"Pitt, H., McCarthy, S., Rintoul, A. & Thomas, S. 2023. The receptivity of young people to gambling marketing strategies on social media platforms. Melbourne, Australia: Victorian Responsible Gambling Foundation. Available: https:\/\/responsiblegambling.vic.gov.au\/documents\/1155\/VRGF_RR_receptivity_of_young_people.pdf"},{"key":"19331_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1111\/ijsw.12501","volume":"31","author":"S Kristiansen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kristiansen S, Severin-Nielsen MK. Adolescent gambling advertising awareness: A national survey. Int J Soc Welf. 2022;31:263\u201373.","journal-title":"Int J Soc Welf"},{"key":"19331_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pitt H, McCarthy S, Randle M, Daube M, Thomas SL. Young people\u2019s views about the use of celebrities and social media influencers in gambling marketing. Health Promot Int. 2024b;39:daae012.","DOI":"10.1093\/heapro\/daae012"},{"key":"19331_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e071270","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-071270","volume":"13","author":"MJ Smith","year":"2023","unstructured":"Smith MJ, Hilton S. Youth\u2019s exposure to and engagement with e-cigarette marketing on social media: a UK focus group study. BMJ Open. 2023;13:e071270.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"19331_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1080\/02650487.2023.2242673","volume":"43","author":"SC Boerman","year":"2024","unstructured":"Boerman SC, Rozendaal E, van Reijmersdal EA. The development and testing of a pictogram signaling advertising in online videos. Int J Advert. 2024;43:672\u201391.","journal-title":"Int J Advert"},{"key":"19331_CR27","unstructured":"O'Brien KS, Iqbal M. Extent of, and children and young people\u2019s exposure to, gambling advertising in sport and non-sport TV. Victoria: Victorian Responsible Gambling Foundation; 2019."},{"key":"19331_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-6405.12564","volume":"40","author":"H Pitt","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pitt H, Thomas SL, Bestman A, Stoneham M, Daube M. \u201cIt\u2019s just everywhere!\u201d Children and parents discuss the marketing of sports wagering in Australia. Aust N Z J Public Health. 2016;40:480\u20136.","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Public Health"},{"key":"19331_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1080\/14660970.2018.1425682","volume":"20","author":"C Bunn","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bunn C, Ireland R, Minton J, Holman D, Philpott M, Chambers S. Shirt sponsorship by gambling companies in the English and Scottish Premier Leagues: global reach and public health concerns. Soccer & Society. 2019;20:824\u201335.","journal-title":"Soccer & Society"},{"key":"19331_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1080\/14660970.2020.1860028","volume":"22","author":"N Djohari","year":"2021","unstructured":"Djohari N, Weston G, Cassidy R, Kulas-Reid I. The visibility of gambling sponsorship in football related products marketed directly to children. Soccer Soc. 2021;22:769\u201377.","journal-title":"Soccer Soc"},{"key":"19331_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.7.2018.128","volume":"7","author":"C Nyemcsok","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nyemcsok C, Thomas SL, Bestman A, Pitt H, Daube M, Cassidy R. Young people\u2019s recall and perceptions of gambling advertising and intentions to gamble on sport. J Behav Addict. 2018;7:1068\u201378.","journal-title":"J Behav Addict"},{"key":"19331_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hartmann B, Hudders L, De Jans S. Exploring the Impact of Gambling Advertising on Children: A Comprehensive Review. In: FEIJOO, B. & FERN\u00c1NDEZ G\u00d3MEZ, E. (eds.) Advertising Literacy for Young Audiences in the Digital Age: A Critical Attitude to Embedded Formats. Cham: Springer; 2024.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-55736-1_4"},{"key":"19331_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-016-9606-x","volume":"33","author":"F Clemens","year":"2017","unstructured":"Clemens F, Hanewinkel R, Morgenstern M. Exposure to gambling advertisements and gambling behavior in young people. J Gambl Stud. 2017;33:1\u201313.","journal-title":"J Gambl Stud"},{"key":"19331_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ayandele O, Oguntayo R, Olapegba PO. Gambling characteristics and demographic differences as determinants of attitudes towards gambling among youths in Lagos, Nigeria. J Gambl Issues. 2021;47:1\u201317.","DOI":"10.4309\/jgi.2021.47.10"},{"key":"19331_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-6405.12728","volume":"41","author":"H Pitt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pitt H, Thomas SL, Bestman A, Daube M, Derevensky J. What do children observe and learn from televised sports betting advertisements? A qualitative study among Australian children. Aust N Z J Public Health. 2017;41:604\u201310.","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Public Health"},{"key":"19331_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-017-0136-3","volume":"14","author":"H Pitt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pitt H, Thomas SL, Bestman A, Daube M, Derevensky J. Factors that influence children\u2019s gambling attitudes and consumption intentions: lessons for gambling harm prevention research, policies and advocacy strategies. Harm Reduct J. 2017;14:1\u201312.","journal-title":"Harm Reduct J"},{"key":"19331_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-021-10098-z","volume":"38","author":"M Freund","year":"2022","unstructured":"Freund M, Noble N, Hill D, White V, Evans T, Oldmeadow C, Guerin N, Sanson-Fisher R. The prevalence and correlates of gambling in Australian secondary school students. J Gambl Stud. 2022;38:1173\u201394.","journal-title":"J Gambl Stud"},{"key":"19331_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3220","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18063220","volume":"18","author":"A Oksanen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Oksanen A, Sirola A, Savolainen I, Koivula A, Kaakinen M, Vuorinen I, Zych I, Paek H-J. Social ecological model of problem gambling: A cross-national survey study of young people in the United States, South Korea, Spain, and Finland. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18:3220.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"19331_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-020-09982-x","volume":"37","author":"T Adebisi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Adebisi T, Alabi O, Arisukwu O, Asamu F. Gambling in transition: assessing youth narratives of gambling in Nigeria. J Gambl Stud. 2021;37:59\u201382.","journal-title":"J Gambl Stud"},{"key":"19331_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2248","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-14750-0","volume":"22","author":"S Kyei-Gyamfi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kyei-Gyamfi S, Coffie D, Abiaw MO, Hayford P, Martey JO, Kyei-Arthur F. Prevalence, predictors and consequences of gambling on Children in Ghana. BMC Public Health. 2022;22:2248.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"19331_CR41","unstructured":"All Party Parliamentary Group. Report from the Gambling Related Harm All Party Parliamentary Group. United Kingdom: APPG; 2020. Available: http:\/\/grh-appg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Online-report-Final-June162020.pdf.\u00a0Accessed 21 Mar 2023."},{"key":"19331_CR42","unstructured":"Standing Committee on Social Policy and Legal Affairs. You win some, you lose more. Online gambling and its impacts on those experiencing gambling harm. Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia; 2023. Available: https:\/\/parlinfo.aph.gov.au\/parlInfo\/download\/committees\/reportrep\/RB000159\/toc_pdf\/Youwinsome,youlosemore.pdf.\u00a0Accessed 08 Aug 2023."},{"key":"19331_CR43","unstructured":"Chambers and Partners. Gaming Law 2023. Chambers and Partners. 2023. Available: https:\/\/practiceguides.chambers.com\/practice-guides\/gaming-law-2023\/spain\/trends-and-developments#:~:text=Royal%20Decree%20958%2F2020%20on,into%20force%20mostly%20throughout%202021.\u00a0Accessed 27 Mar 2024."},{"key":"19331_CR44","unstructured":"Walker L. Gambling advertising banned in Belgium from 1 July. The Brussels Times. 2023. Available: https:\/\/www.brusselstimes.com\/397910\/gambling-advertising-will-be-banned-in-belgium-from-1-july.\u00a0Accessed 04 Apr 2023."},{"key":"19331_CR45","unstructured":"Chini, M. 'Gambling is the new smoking': Belgium to ban nearly all betting ads. The Brussels Times, 9th May. 2022. Available: https:\/\/www.brusselstimes.com\/belgium-news\/223595\/gambling-is-the-new-smoking-belgium-to-ban-nearly-all-betting-ads. Accessed 28.06.24."},{"key":"19331_CR46","unstructured":"Carolan, C. MR's pushback on gambling regulation is 'embarrassing', say political opponents. The Brussels Times, 31st March. 2024. Available: https:\/\/www.brusselstimes.com\/985323\/mrs-pushback-on-gambling-regulation-is-embarrassing-say-political-opponents. Accessed 28.06.24."},{"key":"19331_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2022.07.018","volume":"214","author":"J Sichali","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sichali J, Bunnn C, McGee D, Marionneau V, Yendork J, Glozah F, Udedi M, Reith G. Regulation of gambling in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA): findings from a comparative policy analysis. Public Health. 2023;214:140\u20135.","journal-title":"Public Health."},{"key":"19331_CR48","unstructured":"Premier of Victoria. Gambling ad ban near schools, roads and public transport. Premier of Victoria. 2017. Available: https:\/\/www.premier.vic.gov.au\/gambling-ad-ban-near-schools-roads-and-public-transport\/.\u00a0Accessed 02 Feb 2024."},{"key":"19331_CR49","unstructured":"Australian Communication and Media Authority. Gambling ads during children's programs. 2020. Available: https:\/\/www.acma.gov.au\/gambling-ads-during-childrens-programs. Accessed 02.06.23."},{"key":"19331_CR50","unstructured":"Australian Communications and Media Authority. Gambling advertising in Australia: Consumer and advertising placement research. Canberra: Researchacma;\u00a02019. Available: https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwjugMvulseBAxWIafUHHVuMC5oQFnoECBMQAQ&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.acma.gov.au%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2019-11%2FGambling%2520advertising%2520research%2520report.docx&usg=AOvVaw0pGI8YKlrPE0i-Ee0Ij3EM&opi=89978449."},{"key":"19331_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/heapro\/daad185","volume":"39","author":"H Pitt","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pitt H, McCarthy S, Arnot G. Children, young people, and the commercial determinants of health. Health Promot Int. 2024;39:1\u201310.","journal-title":"Health Promot Int"},{"key":"19331_CR52","unstructured":"CAP2030. Which future will our children see? 2023. Available: https:\/\/cap-2030.org\/. Accessed 26.09.23."},{"key":"19331_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soraghan M, Abdulkareem T, Jennings B, Boateng J, Chavira Garcia J, Chopra V, Rout B, Ujam K, Dalglish SL. Harmful marketing by commercial actors and policy ideas from youth. Health Promot Int. 2023;38(6):daad149.","DOI":"10.1093\/heapro\/daad149"},{"key":"19331_CR54","unstructured":"UNICEF. United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. 1995. Available: https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/child-rights-convention.\u00a0Accessed 28 Mar 2024."},{"key":"19331_CR55","unstructured":"Truth Initiative. Youth Activism. Truth Initiative. 2024. Available: https:\/\/truthinitiative.org\/what-we-do\/community-youth-engagement\/youth-activism.\u00a0Accessed 28 Mar 2024."},{"key":"19331_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1017\/aee.2021.23","volume":"38","author":"A Tattersall","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tattersall A, Hinchliffe J, Yajman V. School strike for climate are leading the way: how their people power strategies are generating distinctive pathways for leadership development. Aust J Environ Educ. 2022;38:40\u201356.","journal-title":"Aust J Environ Educ"},{"key":"19331_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Toop J, Adane C, Fryer Z, Sharma D. vi.\u201cHungry for Change\u201d: Why living in a pandemic led young people to question their food system and its priorities. In: TUROK-SQUIRE, R (ed.) Children\u2019s experience, participation, and rights during COVID-19. Switzerland: Springer; 2022.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-07099-0_7"},{"key":"19331_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-19406-9","volume":"24","author":"G Arnot","year":"2024","unstructured":"Arnot G, Thomas S, Pitt H, McCarthy S, Warner E. \u201cOlder people will die of old age. I\u2019ll die of climate change\u201d: Engaging children and young people in climate decision making for public health. BMC Public Health. 2024;24:1\u201313.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"19331_CR59","unstructured":"Bite Back. A Red Card for Junk Food: The Use of Football to Market Unhealthy Food and Drink to GEN Z. BiteBack2030. 2023b. Available: https:\/\/biteback.contentfiles.net\/media\/documents\/108074_Red_Card_for_Junk_Food_BB_1_0.pdf.\u00a0Accessed 27 Mar 2024."},{"key":"19331_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1002\/capr.12360","volume":"21","author":"V Braun","year":"2021","unstructured":"Braun V, Clarke V. Can I use TA? Should I use TA? Should I not use TA? Comparing reflexive thematic analysis and other pattern-based qualitative analytic approaches. Couns Psychother Res. 2021;21:37\u201347.","journal-title":"Couns Psychother Res"},{"key":"19331_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/heapro\/daae061","volume":"39","author":"S Thomas","year":"2024","unstructured":"Thomas S, Pitt H, McCarthy S, Arnot G, Hennessy M. Methodological and practical guidance for designing and conducting online qualitative surveys in public health. Health Promot Int. 2024;39:1\u201314.","journal-title":"Health Promot Int."},{"key":"19331_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1080\/10454446.2013.724370","volume":"19","author":"S Hudson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hudson S, Elliott C. Measuring the impact of product placement on children using digital brand integration. Journal of Food Products Marketing. 2013;19:176\u2013200.","journal-title":"Journal of Food Products Marketing"},{"key":"19331_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.1111\/joca.12253","volume":"53","author":"AM Kennedy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kennedy AM, Jones K, Williams J. Children as vulnerable consumers in online environments. J Consum Aff. 2019;53:1478\u2013506.","journal-title":"J Consum Aff"},{"key":"19331_CR64","volume-title":"Australian gambling statistics 1995\u201396 to 2020\u201321","author":"Queensland Government Statistician\u2019s Office & Queensland Treasury","year":"2023","unstructured":"Queensland Government Statistician\u2019s Office & Queensland Treasury. Australian gambling statistics 1995\u201396 to 2020\u201321. 2023."},{"key":"19331_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160940691774821","DOI":"10.1177\/1609406917748215","volume":"16","author":"X Glaw","year":"2017","unstructured":"Glaw X, Inder K, Kable A, Hazelton M. Visual methodologies in qualitative research: Autophotography and photo elicitation applied to mental health research. Int J Qual Methods. 2017;16:1609406917748215.","journal-title":"Int J Qual Methods"},{"key":"19331_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1080\/2159676X.2019.1704846","volume":"13","author":"V Braun","year":"2021","unstructured":"Braun V, Clarke V. To saturate or not to saturate? Questioning data saturation as a useful concept for thematic analysis and sample-size rationales. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health. 2021;13:201\u201316.","journal-title":"Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health"},{"key":"19331_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732315617444","volume":"26","author":"K Malterud","year":"2016","unstructured":"Malterud K, Siersma VD, Guassora AD. Sample size in qualitative interview studies: guided by information power. Qual Health Res. 2016;26:1753\u201360.","journal-title":"Qual Health Res"},{"key":"19331_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Braun V, Clarke V. One size fits all? What counts as quality practice in (reflexive) thematic analysis?\u00a0Qual Res Psychol. 2020;18:1\u201325.","DOI":"10.1080\/14780887.2020.1769238"},{"key":"19331_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Braun V, Clarke V. A critical review of the reporting of reflexive thematic analysis in Health Promotion International.\u00a0Health Promot Int. 2024;39:1\u201312.","DOI":"10.1093\/heapro\/daae049"},{"key":"19331_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-69909-7_3470-2","volume-title":"Thematic analysis","author":"V Braun","year":"2022","unstructured":"Braun V, Clarke V. Thematic Analysis: A Practical Guide. London: SAGE Publications; 2022."},{"key":"19331_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/26895269.2022.2129597","volume":"24","author":"V Braun","year":"2023","unstructured":"Braun V, Clarke V. Toward good practice in thematic analysis: Avoiding common problems and be (com) ing a knowing researcher. International Journal of Transgender Health. 2023;24:1\u20136.","journal-title":"International Journal of Transgender Health"},{"key":"19331_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1002\/hpja.721","volume":"34","author":"SL Thomas","year":"2023","unstructured":"Thomas SL, Crawford G, Daube M, Pitt H, Hallett J, McCarthy S, Francis L, Edmunds M. Time for policies on gambling to benefit health-not the gambling industry. Health Promot J Austr. 2023;34:267\u201371.","journal-title":"Health Promot J Austr"},{"key":"19331_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-018-0254-6","volume":"15","author":"SL Thomas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Thomas SL, Bestman A, Pitt H, Cassidy R, McCarthy S, Nyemcsok C, Cowlishaw S, Daube M. Young people\u2019s awareness of the timing and placement of gambling advertising on traditional and social media platforms: a study of 11\u201316-year-olds in Australia. Harm Reduct J. 2018;15:51.","journal-title":"Harm Reduct J"},{"key":"19331_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e31232109","DOI":"10.17061\/phrp31232109","volume":"32","author":"H Pierce","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pierce H, Vidler A-C, Stafford J, Keric D. Alcohol brands\u2019 use of age-restriction controls on Facebook and Instagram in Australia. Public Health Research and Practice. 2022;32:e31232109\u2013e31232109.","journal-title":"Public Health Res Pract"},{"key":"19331_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-13201-0","volume":"22","author":"H Pitt","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pitt H, Thomas SL, Melanie R, Cowlishaw S, Arnot G, Kairouz S, Daube M. Young people in Australia discuss strategies for preventing the normalisation of gambling and reducing gambling harm. BMC Public Health. 2022;22:1\u201313.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"19331_CR76","first-page":"1","volume":"39","author":"MC van Schalkwyk","year":"2024","unstructured":"van Schalkwyk MC, Hawkins B, Petticrew M, Maani N, Garde A, Reeves A, McKee M. Agnogenic practices and corporate political strategy: the legitimation of UK gambling industry-funded youth education programmes. Health Promot Int. 2024;39:1\u201312.","journal-title":"Health Promot Int"},{"key":"19331_CR77","unstructured":"Bite Back. 2023a. BiteBack2030. Available: https:\/\/www.biteback2030.com\/. Accessed 26.09.23."},{"key":"19331_CR78","unstructured":"Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids. n.d. What we do. Available: https:\/\/www.takedowntobacco.org\/about?section=what-we-do. Accessed 28.06.24."},{"key":"19331_CR79","unstructured":"Bite Back. 2024. House of Lords inquiry. Available: https:\/\/www.biteback2030.com\/our-activists\/stories\/house-of-lords-inquiry\/. Accessed 28.06.24."},{"key":"19331_CR80","unstructured":"Campaign for Tobacco Free Kids. n.d. Youth in Action. Available: https:\/\/www.takedowntobacco.org\/youth-in-action?section=youth-engagement-alliance. Accessed 28.06.24."},{"key":"19331_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/heapro\/daad148","volume":"38","author":"G Arnot","year":"2023","unstructured":"Arnot G, Pitt H, McCarthy S, Collin P, Thomas S. Supporting young people as genuine political actors in climate decision-making. Health Promot Int. 2023;38:1\u20134.","journal-title":"Health Promot Int"}],"container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-024-19331-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12889-024-19331-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-024-19331-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T10:02:15Z","timestamp":1776938535000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12889-024-19331-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["19331"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-024-19331-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2458"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2458","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 May 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 July 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 July 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethics approval was received from Deakin University Human Research Ethics Committee [2021\u2013304]. Informed written parental consent was obtained for each participant, and participants provided informed verbal consent at the start of the focus group.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors do not have any specific conflicts of interest but do have the following declarations. H.P.: has received research funding from the Australian Research Council Discovery Grant Scheme, the Victorian Responsible Gambling Foundation, the New South Wales Office of Responsible Gambling, VicHealth and Deakin University. S.M.: has received research funding from the Victorian Responsible Gambling Foundation, VicHealth, and Deakin University. G.A.: has received research funding from VicHealth. M.R.: has received research funding for gambling-related research from the Australian Research Council Discovery Grant Scheme and the Victorian Responsible Gambling Foundation. M.D.: has received funding for gambling research from the Australian Research Council Discovery Grant Scheme, the Victorian Responsible Gambling Foundation Grants Scheme and Healthway. S.T.: has received research funding from the Australian Research Council Discovery Grant Scheme, the Victorian Responsible Gambling Foundation, Healthway and the New South Wales Office of Responsible Gambling. She is currently a member of the Gambling Harm Prevention Advisory Group for LotteryWest and is a board member for the International Confederation of Alcohol, Tobacco and other Drug Research Associations (ICARA).","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"2004"}}