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Necessary permissions were secured from the State TB Cell (Government of Gujarat) and the Gujarat State AIDS Control Society (GSACS) to enroll TB and HIV patients, respectively. Prior informed written consent, in Gujarati language, was obtained from all study participants, ensuring the utmost confidentiality of collected data. The study was conducted in accordance with the Delcaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"2028"}}