{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T14:26:20Z","timestamp":1793802380274,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]],"date-time":"2024-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723507200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]],"date-time":"2024-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-19695-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]],"date-time":"2024-08-13T16:02:17Z","timestamp":1723564937000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Analysis of heavy metals and minerals in edible vegetable oils produced and marketed in Gondar City, Northwest Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Lamrot","family":"Yohannes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hailemariam","family":"Feleke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mequannent Sharew","family":"Melaku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dagnachew Eyachew","family":"Amare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"19695_CR1","unstructured":"Grace D. Food safety in developing countries: an overview. Springer; 2015. https:\/\/cgspace.cgiar.org\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/ac307a2d-4fbd-40bc-8781-68fa5040600c\/content."},{"issue":"1","key":"19695_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.01.021","volume":"139","author":"D.G. Newell","year":"2010","unstructured":"Newell D.G., et al. Food-borne diseases - the challenges of 20 years ago still persist while new ones continue to emerge. Int J Food Microbiol. 2010;139(1):S3-15.","journal-title":"Int J Food Microbiol"},{"key":"19695_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohandas K. Colorectal cancer in India: controversies, enigmas and primary prevention. 2011;30(1):3\u20136. https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12664-010-0076-2.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12664-010-0076-2"},{"key":"19695_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gunstone F. Vegetable oils in food technology: composition, properties and uses. John Wiley & Sons. 2011;44(1). https:\/\/www.wiley.com\/en-us\/Vegetable+Oils+in+Food+Technology%3A+Composition%2C+Properties+and+Uses%2C+2nd+Edition-p-9781444339918.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781444339925.ch1"},{"issue":"4","key":"19695_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2003.12.035","volume":"87","author":"G Dugo","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dugo G, et al. Determination of Cd (II), Cu (II), Pb (II), and Zn (II) content in commercial vegetable oils using derivative potentiometric stripping analysis. Food Chemistry. 2004;87(4):639\u201345.","journal-title":"Food Chemistry"},{"key":"19695_CR6","unstructured":"Parmar, M., L.S.J.I.J.o.p. Thakur, animal, and e. sciences, Heavy metal Cu, Ni and Zn: toxicity, health hazards and their removal techniques by low cost adsorbents: a short overview. 2013. 3(3): p. 143\u2013157."},{"key":"19695_CR7","unstructured":"Greenwood NN, Earnshaw A. Chemistry of the Elements. 2012: Elsevier. https:\/\/books.google.com.et\/books?hl=en&lr=&id=EvTI-ouH3SsC&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=Greenwood,+N.N.+and+A.+Earnshaw,+Chemistry+of+the+Elements.+2012:+Elsevier.&ots=pR5WSCltH5&sig=BSfpsfwJmCndL_5cZxeuURlGzMQ&re."},{"key":"19695_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Srivastava, N. and C.J.J.o.h.m. Majumder, Novel biofiltration methods for the treatment of heavy metals from industrial wastewater. 2008. 151(1): p. 1\u20138.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2007.09.101"},{"issue":"1","key":"19695_CR9","first-page":"267","volume":"143","author":"M Soylak","year":"2008","unstructured":"Soylak M, et al. Heavy metal contents of refined and unrefined table salts from Turkey. Egypt and Greece. 2008;143(1):267\u201372.","journal-title":"Egypt and Greece"},{"issue":"3","key":"19695_CR10","first-page":"649","volume":"273","author":"P \u00dcnak","year":"2007","unstructured":"\u00dcnak P, et al. Iodine measurements by isotope dilution analysis in drinking water in Western Turkey. 2007;273(3):649\u201351.","journal-title":"Iodine measurements by isotope dilution analysis in drinking water in Western Turkey"},{"key":"19695_CR11","unstructured":"Ashraf, M.W. and A.J.J.C.S.P. Khobar, Levels of selected heavy metals in varieties of vegetable oils consumed in kingdom of Saudi Arabia and health risk assessment of local population. 2014. 36(4): p. 691\u2013698."},{"issue":"5","key":"19695_CR12","first-page":"3020","volume":"13","author":"P Gonz\u00e1lez-Torres","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Torres P, et al. Comparative study of the presence of heavy metals in edible vegetable oils. 2023;13(5):3020.","journal-title":"Comparative study of the presence of heavy metals in edible vegetable oils"},{"key":"19695_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cindric, I.J., M. Zeiner, and I.J.M.J. Steffan, Trace elemental characterization of edible oils by ICP\u2013AES and GFAAS. 2007. 85(1): p. 136\u2013139.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2006.04.011"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"19695_CR14","first-page":"724","volume":"165","author":"D Mendil","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mendil D, et al. Investigation of the levels of some element in edible oil samples produced in Turkey by atomic absorption spectrometry. 2009;165(1\u20133):724\u20138.","journal-title":"Investigation of the levels of some element in edible oil samples produced in Turkey by atomic absorption spectrometry"},{"issue":"12","key":"19695_CR15","first-page":"3081","volume":"49","author":"F Zhu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhu F, et al. Health risk assessment of eight heavy metals in nine varieties of edible vegetable oils consumed in China. 2011;49(12):3081\u20135.","journal-title":"Health risk assessment of eight heavy metals in nine varieties of edible vegetable oils consumed in China"},{"issue":"8","key":"19695_CR16","first-page":"907","volume":"45","author":"K Bakkali","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bakkali K, et al. Determination of heavy metal content in vegetables and oils from Spain and Morocco by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. 2012;45(8):907\u201319.","journal-title":"Determination of heavy metal content in vegetables and oils from Spain and Morocco by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry"},{"key":"19695_CR17","first-page":"433","volume":"159","author":"M Savio","year":"2014","unstructured":"Savio M, et al. Multielemental analysis in vegetable edible oils by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after solubilisation with tetramethylammonium hydroxide. 2014;159:433\u20138.","journal-title":"Multielemental analysis in vegetable edible oils by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after solubilisation with tetramethylammonium hydroxide"},{"key":"19695_CR18","first-page":"384","volume":"178","author":"IS Barreto","year":"2018","unstructured":"Barreto IS, et al. A robotic magnetic nanoparticle solid phase extraction system coupled to flow-batch analyzer and GFAAS for determination of trace cadmium in edible oils without external pretreatment. 2018;178:384\u201391.","journal-title":"A robotic magnetic nanoparticle solid phase extraction system coupled to flow-batch analyzer and GFAAS for determination of trace cadmium in edible oils without external pretreatment"},{"key":"19695_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2019.04.104","volume":"294","author":"R Manjusha","year":"2019","unstructured":"Manjusha R, Shekhar, R, Kumar S.J.J.F.c. Ultrasound-assisted extraction of Pb, Cd, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn from edible oils with tetramethylammonium hydroxide and EDTA followed by determination using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer. Food chemistry. 2019;294:384\u20139.","journal-title":"Food chemistry"},{"issue":"2","key":"19695_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-019-02024-7","volume":"197","author":"A Karasakal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Karasakal A, J B.t.e.r. Determination of trace and major elements in vegan milk and oils by ICP-OES after microwave digestion. Biological trace element research. 2020;197(2):683\u201393.","journal-title":"Biological trace element research"},{"key":"19695_CR21","unstructured":"Ashraf MW, Khobar AJJCSP. Levels of selected heavy metals in verities of vegetable oils consumed in kingdom of Saudi Arabia and health risk assessment of local population. Journal of the Chemical Society of Pakistan. 2014;36(4):691-8."},{"key":"19695_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Colak, H., et al., Determination of trace metal content of various herbal and fruit teas produced and marketed in Turkey. 2005. 22(3).","DOI":"10.5414\/TEP22192"},{"issue":"3","key":"19695_CR23","first-page":"99","volume":"34","author":"A Duran","year":"2013","unstructured":"Duran A, Tuzen M, Soylak MJAS. Evaluation of metal concentrations in food packaging materials: relation to human health. 2013;34(3):99\u2013103.","journal-title":"Evaluation of metal concentrations in food packaging materials: relation to human health"},{"key":"19695_CR24","unstructured":"Ng KL. Determination of lead, cadmium, zinc and nickel in edible oil products by stripping voltammetry\/Ng Khan Loon. University of Malaya; 2010."},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"19695_CR25","first-page":"63","volume":"7","author":"MW Pariza","year":"1979","unstructured":"Pariza MW, et al. Effects of temperature and time on mutagen formation in pan-fried hamburger. 1979;7(2\u20133):63\u20139.","journal-title":"Effects of temperature and time on mutagen formation in pan-fried hamburger"},{"issue":"2","key":"19695_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1080\/14620316.2015.1133538","volume":"91","author":"J Han","year":"2016","unstructured":"Han J, et al. Diversity in seed oil content and fatty acid composition in three tree peony species with potential as sources of omega-3 fatty acids. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology. 2016;91(2):175\u20139.","journal-title":"The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology"},{"issue":"4","key":"19695_CR27","first-page":"238","volume":"2","author":"L Tesfaye","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tesfaye L, et al. Microbial quality and chemical characteristics evaluation of edible oil sold at gondar town markets. 2015;2(4):238\u201347.","journal-title":"Microbial quality and chemical characteristics evaluation of edible oil sold at gondar town markets"},{"issue":"1","key":"19695_CR28","first-page":"1","volume":"12","author":"YA Negash","year":"2019","unstructured":"Negash YA, et al. Assessment of quality of edible vegetable oils accessed in Gondar City. Northwest Ethiopia. 2019;12(1):1\u20135.","journal-title":"Northwest Ethiopia"},{"key":"19695_CR29","unstructured":"Ababa, A., Central Statistical Agency. 2011."},{"key":"19695_CR30","unstructured":"Marshall, R.T., Standard methods for the examination of dairy products. 1992."},{"key":"19695_CR31","first-page":"7","volume":"38","author":"R Fern\u00e1ndez-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Mart\u00ednez R, et al. Evaluation of different digestion systems for determination of trace mercury in seaweeds by cold vapour atomic fluorescence spectrometry. 2015;38:7\u201312.","journal-title":"Evaluation of different digestion systems for determination of trace mercury in seaweeds by cold vapour atomic fluorescence spectrometry"},{"key":"19695_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Acar, O., A. Tun\u00e7eli, and A.R.J.F.a.m. T\u00fcrker, Comparison of wet and microwave digestion methods for the determination of copper, iron and zinc in some food samples by FAAS. 2016. 9: p. 3201\u20133208.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12161-016-0516-4"},{"key":"19695_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miller, J.N. and J.C.J.E.P.H. Miller, Statistics and Chemometrics for Analytical Chemistry. 5th. 2005: p. 256.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470988459.ch8"},{"key":"19695_CR34","unstructured":"Eurachem, G.J.A.l.g.t.m.v. and r. topics, The fitness for purpose of analytical methods. 1998."},{"key":"19695_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patel, A.B.J.A.J.o.R.i.C., Analytical Method Validation: Collation between International Guidelines. 2017. 10(6): p. 857\u2013866.","DOI":"10.5958\/0974-4150.2017.00143.2"},{"key":"19695_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bedada, T., A.J.I.J.o.A.S. Abebaw, and F. Technology, Metallic nutrients in enset (Ensete Ventricosum) corm and soil sample from some West Shoa Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. 2021. 7(1): p. 073\u2013080.","DOI":"10.17352\/2455-815X.000091"},{"key":"19695_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shrivastava, A. and V.B.J.C.o.y.s. Gupta, Methods for the determination of limit of detection and limit of quantitation of the analytical methods. 2011. 2(1): p. 21\u201325.","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-5186.79345"},{"key":"19695_CR38","unstructured":"Guidance, A.D.L.J.W.D.o.N.R.L.C.P.A. Laboratory Guide for Determining Method Detection Limits. 1996."},{"issue":"6","key":"19695_CR39","first-page":"1007","volume":"50","author":"Z Kowalewska","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kowalewska Z, et al. Application of liquid-liquid extraction and adsorption on activated carbon to the determination of different forms of metals present in edible oils. 2005;50(6):1007.","journal-title":"Application of liquid-liquid extraction and adsorption on activated carbon to the determination of different forms of metals present in edible oils"},{"key":"19695_CR40","unstructured":"Joint, F., W.E.C.o.F. Additives, and W.H. Organization. Evaluation of certain food additives: sixty-third report of the Joint FAO. 2005: World Health Organization. https:\/\/iris.who.int\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/43141\/WHO?sequence=1."},{"key":"19695_CR41","unstructured":"Joint, F., W.E.C.o.F. Additives, and W.H. Organization, Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants: fifty-third report of the Joint FAO\/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. World Health Organization; 2000."},{"key":"19695_CR42","unstructured":"CODEX S.J.F.W., Rome. Codex standard for named vegetable oils. 2011;210(1)."},{"key":"19695_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Quevauviller P, Maier E. Quality assurance and quality control for environmental monitoring. VCH Weinheim New York. 1995. https:\/\/books.google.com.et\/books?hl=en&lr=&id=3VKpc1XAIz4C&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=Quevauviller,+P.+and+E.+Maier,+Quality+assurance+and+quality+control+for+environmental+monitoring.+1995:+VCH+We.","DOI":"10.1002\/9783527615216.ch01"},{"issue":"3","key":"19695_CR44","first-page":"237","volume":"50","author":"M Garrido","year":"1994","unstructured":"Garrido M, et al. Concentrations of metals in vegetable edible oils. 1994;50(3):237\u201343.","journal-title":"Concentrations of metals in vegetable edible oils"},{"key":"19695_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buldini, P.L., D. Ferri, and J.L.J.J.o.C.A. Sharma, Determination of some inorganic species in edible vegetable oils and fats by ion chromatography. 1997. 789(1\u20132): p. 549\u2013555.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9673(97)00822-4"},{"key":"19695_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zeiner, M., I. Steffan, and I.J.J.M.J. Cindric, Determination of trace elements in olive oil by ICP-AES and ETA-AAS: A pilot study on the geographical characterization. 2005. 81(2): p. 171\u2013176.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2004.12.002"},{"key":"19695_CR47","unstructured":"Alrajhi, I.M. and H.J.R.I.d.C.A. Idriss. CONCENTRATION OF TRACE METALS IN SOME MAJOR EDIBLE OILS OF RIYADH. 2020;36(4):977\u201384."},{"key":"19695_CR48","unstructured":"\u00c7evik, U., Analysis of mosses along Sarp-Samsun highway in Turkey. 2008."},{"key":"19695_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kanumakala, S., A. Boneh, and M.J.J.o.i.m.d. Zacharin, Pamidronate treatment improves bone mineral density in children with Menkes disease. 2002. 25(5): p. 391\u2013398.","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020103901969"},{"issue":"1","key":"19695_CR50","first-page":"45","volume":"17","author":"ME Conti","year":"2000","unstructured":"Conti ME, et al. Trace metals in soft and durum wheat from Italy. 2000;17(1):45\u201353.","journal-title":"Trace metals in soft and durum wheat from Italy"},{"issue":"1","key":"19695_CR51","first-page":"3","volume":"132","author":"M Schuhmacher","year":"1993","unstructured":"Schuhmacher M, et al. Dietary intake of copper, chromium and zinc in Tarragona Province. Spain. 1993;132(1):3\u201310.","journal-title":"Spain"},{"key":"19695_CR52","unstructured":"Farzin, L. and M.E.J.J.o.A.C.R. Moassesi, Determination of metal contents in edible vegetable oils produced in Iran using microwave-assisted acid digestion. 2014. 8(3): p. 35\u201343."},{"key":"19695_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aisen, P., M. Wessling-Resnick, and E.A.J.C.o.i.c.b. Leibold, Iron metabolism. 1999. 3(2): p. 200\u2013206.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(99)80033-7"},{"key":"19695_CR54","unstructured":"Silva, C.S., et al., Trace minerals in human health: Iron, zinc, copper, manganese and fluorine. 2019. 13(3): p. 57\u201380."},{"key":"19695_CR55","volume-title":"Iron and human disease","author":"RB Lauffer","year":"1992","unstructured":"Lauffer RB. Iron and human disease. FL: CRC Press Boca Raton; 1992."},{"key":"19695_CR56","unstructured":"Nnorom, I.C. and U.J.A.J.P.S.R. Ewuzie, Comparative study of trace metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na, and Zn). 2015. 5: p. 22\u201329."},{"key":"19695_CR57","first-page":"13128","volume":"23","author":"K Lei","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lei K, et al. Contamination and human health risk of lead in soils around lead\/zinc smelting areas in China. 2016;23:13128\u201336.","journal-title":"Contamination and human health risk of lead in soils around lead\/zinc smelting areas in China"},{"key":"19695_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prasad, A.S.J.T.J.o.T.E.i.E.M.T.O.P.o.t.I.S.f.T.E.R.i.H., Zinc in human health: an update. 1998. 11(2\u20103): p. 63\u201387.","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-670X(1998)11:2\/3<63::AID-JTRA2>3.0.CO;2-5"},{"key":"19695_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ogabiela, E., et al., Determination of the level of some elements in edible oils sold in Zaria, northern Nigeria. 2010. 16(3).","DOI":"10.4314\/gjpas.v16i3.62860"},{"key":"19695_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andjelkovic, M., et al., Toxic effect of acute cadmium and lead exposure in rat blood, liver, and kidney. 2019. 16(2): p. 274.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16020274"},{"key":"19695_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Journal, E.F.S.A.J.E., Cadmium in food\u2010scientific opinion of the panel on contaminants in the food chain. 2009. 7(3): p. 980.","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2009.980"},{"key":"19695_CR62","first-page":"23","volume-title":"Cadmium and health","author":"C-G Elinder","year":"2019","unstructured":"Elinder C-G. Cadmium: uses, occurrence, and intake. In: Cadmium and health. CRC Press; 2019. p. 23\u201364."},{"key":"19695_CR63","unstructured":"Swaddiwudhipong W, et al. Human health effects from cadmium exposure: Comparison between persons living in cadmium-contaminated and non-contaminated areas northwestern Thailand. 2015;46(1):133."},{"key":"19695_CR64","unstructured":"FAO\/WHO, C.A.C.J.R., Codex standard for named vegetable oils (CODEX-STAN 210\u20131999). 2005."},{"key":"19695_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u0141ukomska, A., et al., The effect of low levels of lead (Pb) in the blood on levels of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and expression of S1P receptor 1 in the brain of the rat in the perinatal period. 2017. 166: p. 221\u2013229.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.09.067"},{"key":"19695_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Journal, E.P.o.C.i.t.F.C.J.E., Scientific opinion on lead in food. 2010. 8(4): p. 1570.","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2010.1570"},{"issue":"6","key":"19695_CR67","first-page":"660","volume":"9","author":"MA Assi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Assi MA, et al. The detrimental effects of lead on human and animal health. 2016;9(6):660.","journal-title":"The detrimental effects of lead on human and animal health"},{"key":"19695_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Needleman, H.J.A.R.M., Lead poisoning. 2004. 55: p. 209\u2013222.","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.med.55.091902.103653"},{"key":"19695_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar, A., et al., Lead toxicity: health hazards, influence on food chain, and sustainable remediation approaches. 2020. 17(7): p. 2179.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17072179"},{"key":"19695_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lacoste, F.J.O., Undesirable substances in vegetable oils: anything to declare? 2014. 21(1): p. A103.","DOI":"10.1051\/ocl\/2013060"},{"issue":"27","key":"19695_CR71","first-page":"1196","volume":"8","author":"A Palizban","year":"2015","unstructured":"Palizban A, et al. Lead and cadmium contamination in seeds and oils of Brassica napus L and Carthamus tinctorius grown in Isfahan Province\/Iran. 2015;8(27):1196\u2013202.","journal-title":"Lead and cadmium contamination in seeds and oils of Brassica napus L and Carthamus tinctorius grown in Isfahan Province\/Iran"}],"container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-024-19695-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12889-024-19695-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-024-19695-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]],"date-time":"2024-08-28T11:03:38Z","timestamp":1724843018000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12889-024-19695-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["19695"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-024-19695-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2458"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2458","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 November 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 August 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 August 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 August 2024","order":4,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Update","order":5,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This article has been updated to correct the author name metadata.","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The Faculty's Institutional Review Board examined and approved this work. Ethical clearance was obtained from institution review board of Institute of public health, college of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar. Permission letter were also obtained from Gondar Trade and Industry office. Written informed consent was taken after explaining the purpose of the study. Confidentiality of the information was maintained thoroughly by excluding names as identification in the data and keeping their privacy during data collection and also individual results was kept secure. The right of the participants to withdraw from the study whenever they want to do so was respected.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"2204"}}