{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T23:27:05Z","timestamp":1775690825700,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]],"date-time":"2024-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726444800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]],"date-time":"2024-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-20015-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]],"date-time":"2024-09-16T07:02:27Z","timestamp":1726470147000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Development and preliminary validation of the South Wales Social Well-being Scale (SWSWBS)"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7114-8622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juping","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8148-1704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siva","family":"Ganesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven R","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3799-5748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolyn","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"20015_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (1948). Summary Reports on Proceedings Minutes and Final Acts of the International Health Conference held in New York from 19 June to 22 July 1946. World Health Organization, https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/85573"},{"issue":"3","key":"20015_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1093\/phe\/phad017","volume":"16","author":"T Schramme","year":"2023","unstructured":"Schramme T, Health as Complete Well-Being. The WHO Definition and Beyond. Public Health Ethics. 2023;16(3):210\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/phe\/phad017.","journal-title":"Public Health Ethics"},{"key":"20015_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315682266","volume-title":"The Routledge handbook of philosophy of well-being","author":"G Fletcher","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fletcher G. The Routledge handbook of philosophy of well-being. London: Routledge; 2015."},{"key":"20015_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315745329","volume-title":"The philosophy of well-being: an introduction","author":"G Fletcher","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fletcher G. The philosophy of well-being: an introduction. London: Routledge; 2016."},{"key":"20015_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315724966","volume-title":"Routledge handbook of well-being","author":"KT Galvin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Galvin KT. Routledge handbook of well-being. London: Routledge; 2018."},{"issue":"3","key":"20015_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.5502\/ijw.v2i3.4","volume":"2","author":"R Dodge","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dodge R, Daly AP, Huyton J, Sanders LD. The challenge of defining well-being. Int J Well-being. 2012;2(3):222\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5502\/ijw.v2i3.4.","journal-title":"Int J Well-being"},{"key":"20015_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e057009","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-057009","volume":"12","author":"M Elliott","year":"2022","unstructured":"Elliott M, Davies M, Davies J, Wallace C. Exploring how and why social prescribing evaluations work: a realist review. BMJ Open. 2022;12:e057009. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-057009.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"20015_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5502\/ijw.v12i3.1669","volume":"12","author":"M Elliott","year":"2022","unstructured":"Elliott M, Smith SR, Pontin D, Wallace C. Conceptualising social well-being using an international Group Concept Mapping study. Int J Well-being. 2022;12(3):1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5502\/ijw.v12i3.1669.","journal-title":"Int J Well-being"},{"issue":"10","key":"20015_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e017734","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-017734","volume":"7","author":"ES Rempel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rempel ES, Wilson EN, Durrant H, Barnett J. Preparing the prescription: a review of the aim and measurement of social referral programmes. BMJ Open. 2017;7(10):e017734. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-017734.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"20015_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-5-63","volume":"5","author":"R Tennant","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tennant R, Hiller L, Fishwick R, Platt S, Joseph S, Weich S, Parkinson J, Secker J, Stewart-Brown S. The Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being scale (WEMWBS): development and UK validation. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2007;5(1):13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1477-7525-5-63.","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"20015_CR11","unstructured":"Health Research Authority. (2023). UK policy framework for health and social care research. https:\/\/www.hra.nhs.uk\/planning-and-improving-research\/policies-standards-legislation\/uk-policy-framework-health-social-care-research\/uk-policy-framework-health-and-social-care-research\/"},{"key":"20015_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412983730","volume-title":"Concept mapping for planning and evaluation","author":"M Kane","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kane M, Trochim WMK. Concept mapping for planning and evaluation. London: Sage; 2007."},{"key":"20015_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781506329161","volume-title":"Conversations about group concept mapping: applications, examples, and enhancements","author":"M Kane","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kane M, Rosas S. Conversations about group concept mapping: applications, examples, and enhancements. London: Sage; 2018."},{"key":"20015_CR14","volume-title":"An introduction to the Human Capability Approach: Freedom and Agency","author":"S Alkire","year":"2029","unstructured":"Alkire S, Deneulin S. The human development and the capabilities approach. In: Deneulin S, Shahani L, editors. An introduction to the Human Capability Approach: Freedom and Agency. London: Earthscan; 2029."},{"key":"20015_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/s11245-013-9164-0","volume":"32","author":"S Atkinson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Atkinson S. Beyond components of wellbeing: the effects of relational and situated assemblage. Topoi. 2013;32:137\u201344.","journal-title":"Topoi"},{"key":"20015_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/9781137528889","volume-title":"A lexicon of social well-being","author":"L Bruni","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bruni L. A lexicon of social well-being. Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan; 2015."},{"key":"20015_CR17","volume-title":"Handbook of research on economic and social well-being","year":"2018","unstructured":"D\u2019Ambrosio C, editor. Handbook of research on economic and social well-being. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar; 2018."},{"key":"20015_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1017\/9781911623069.003","volume-title":"Social scaffolding: applying the lessons of contemporary social science to health and healthcare","author":"C Haslam","year":"2019","unstructured":"Haslam C, Alexander Haslam S. Social sciences and health: a framework for building and strengthening social connectedness. In: Williams R, Kemp V, Alexander S, Haslam KS, Bhui, Bailey S, editors. Social scaffolding: applying the lessons of contemporary social science to health and healthcare. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2019. pp. 23\u201330."},{"key":"20015_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1017\/9781911623069.004","volume-title":"Social scaffolding: applying the lessons of contemporary social science to health and healthcare","author":"SA Haslam","year":"2019","unstructured":"Haslam SA, Jetten J, Haslam C. The social identity approach to health. In: Williams R, Kemp V, Alexander S, Haslam KS, Bhui, Bailey S, editors. Social scaffolding: applying the lessons of contemporary social science to health and healthcare. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2019. pp. 31\u20139."},{"key":"20015_CR20","volume-title":"Learning and community approaches for promoting wellbeing. Springer briefs in Wellbeing and Quality of Life Research","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lee Y, Kim Y, Phillips R, editors. Learning and community approaches for promoting wellbeing. Springer briefs in Wellbeing and Quality of Life Research. New York: Springer International; 2015."},{"issue":"3","key":"20015_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1177\/0090591792020002002","volume":"20","author":"M Nussbaum","year":"1992","unstructured":"Nussbaum M. Human functioning and Social Justice: in defense of aristotelian essentialism. Political Theory. 1992;20(3):202\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0090591792020002002.","journal-title":"Political Theory"},{"key":"20015_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511841286","volume-title":"Women and Human Development: the capabilities Approach","author":"M Nussbaum","year":"2000","unstructured":"Nussbaum M. Women and Human Development: the capabilities Approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2000."},{"key":"20015_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4159\/harvard.9780674061200","volume-title":"Creating capabilities: the Human Development Approach","author":"M Nussbaum","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nussbaum M. Creating capabilities: the Human Development Approach. Mass: Harvard University Press; 2011."},{"key":"20015_CR24","volume-title":"The Ontology of Well-being in Social Policy and Welfare Practice","author":"SR Smith","year":"2022","unstructured":"Smith SR. The Ontology of Well-being in Social Policy and Welfare Practice. Switzerland: Springer; 2022."},{"key":"20015_CR25","unstructured":"White SC. Relational wellbeing: A theoretical and operation approach. Bath Papers in International Development and Wellbeing, Working Paper 43. Centre for Development Studies: University of Bath; 2015."},{"key":"20015_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/9781137536457","volume-title":"Cultures of wellbeing: Method, Place, Policy","author":"SC White","year":"2016","unstructured":"White SC, Blackmore C. Cultures of wellbeing: Method, Place, Policy. United Kingdom: Palgrave MacMillan; 2016."},{"key":"20015_CR27","volume-title":"Measuring subjective well-being","author":"L Tinkler","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tinkler L, Hicks S. Measuring subjective well-being. London: Office for National Statistics; 2011."},{"key":"20015_CR28","unstructured":"Office for National Statistics. (2018). \u2018Surveys using our four personal well-being questions\u2019, https:\/\/www.ons.gov.uk\/peoplepopulationandcommunity\/wellbeing\/methodologies\/surveysusingthe4officefornationalstatisticspersonalwellbeingquestions"},{"key":"20015_CR29","volume-title":"Health measurement scales: a practical guide to their development and use","author":"DL Streiner","year":"2014","unstructured":"Streiner DL, Norman GR, Cairney J. Health measurement scales: a practical guide to their development and use. 5th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2014.","edition":"5"},{"issue":"5","key":"20015_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1007\/s10459-018-9839-9","volume":"23","author":"M Hojat","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hojat M, DeSantis J, Shannon SC, Mortensen LH, Speicher MR, Bragan L, et al. The Jefferson Scale of Empathy: a nationwide study of measurement properties, underlying components, latent variable structure, and national norms in medical students. Adv Health Sci Education: Theory Pract. 2018;23(5):899\u2013920. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10459-018-9839-9.","journal-title":"Adv Health Sci Education: Theory Pract"},{"key":"20015_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bryan FJ, Manly BFJ, Alberto JAN. Multivariate Statistical Methods: A Primer (4th Edition) Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall\/CRC; 2016.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781315382135"},{"key":"20015_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-45171-7","volume-title":"Applied Multivariate Statistical Analysis","author":"WK Hardle","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hardle WK, Simar L. Applied Multivariate Statistical Analysis. Heidelberg: Springer; 2015."},{"issue":"1","key":"20015_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2006.03.012","volume":"60","author":"CB Terwee","year":"2007","unstructured":"Terwee CB, Bot SDM, de Boer MR, van der Windt DAWM, Knol DL, Dekker J, et al. Quality criteria were proposed for measurement properties of health status questionnaires. J Clin Epidemiol. 2007;60(1):34\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2006.03.012.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"20015_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1177\/001316446002000116","volume":"20","author":"HF Kaiser","year":"1960","unstructured":"Kaiser HF. The application of electronic computers to factor analysis. Educ Psychol Meas. 1960;20:141\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/001316446002000116.","journal-title":"Educ Psychol Meas"},{"issue":"1","key":"20015_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20761","volume":"20","author":"KM Keyes","year":"2021","unstructured":"Keyes KM, Whitley R, Fink D, Santaella J, Pirkis J. The global impact of celebrity suicides: implications for prevention. World Psychiatry. 2021;20(1):144\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/wps.20761.","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"20015_CR36","unstructured":"Rees S, Thomas S, Elliott M, Wallace C. (2019). Creating community assets\/social capital within the context of social prescribing. Findings from the workshop held 17\/7\/2019. WCVA, Cwm Taf Morgannwg University Health Board, University of South Wales."}],"container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-024-20015-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12889-024-20015-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-024-20015-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]],"date-time":"2024-09-16T07:02:40Z","timestamp":1726470160000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12889-024-20015-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["20015"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-024-20015-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2458"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2458","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 March 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 September 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 September 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethical approval was granted by the Faculty of Life Sciences and Education Research Ethics Committee at the University of South Wales, UK (200607LR for Phase 1; 210905LR for Phase 2). All participants gave their written consent or inclined consent to participate.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"No individual person\u2019s data are presented.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"2510"}}