{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T10:59:57Z","timestamp":1776769197987,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]],"date-time":"2024-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727913600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]],"date-time":"2024-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009888","name":"Regione Toscana","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Bando Ricerca Salute 2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Bando Ricerca Salute 2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009888","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009888","name":"Regione Toscana","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Bando Ricerca Salute 2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Bando Ricerca Salute 2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009888","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009888","name":"Regione Toscana","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Bando Ricerca Salute 2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Bando Ricerca Salute 2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009888","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009888","name":"Regione Toscana","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Bando Ricerca Salute 2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Bando Ricerca Salute 2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009888","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-20109-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]],"date-time":"2024-10-03T06:02:57Z","timestamp":1727935377000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Lung cancer and smoking: years lived with disability in Tuscany (Italy). An analysis from the ACAB study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Maria Chiara","family":"Malevolti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michela","family":"Baccini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adele","family":"Caldarella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Garofalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Gorini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Levi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gianfranco","family":"Manneschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Masala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Monasta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fancesco","family":"Profili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Carreras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"20109_CR1","unstructured":"Associazione Italiana Oncologia Medica (AIOM). - Associazione Italiana Registro Tumori (AIRTUM). I numeri del cancro in Italia 2023. Brescia: Intermedia Editore; 2023.[online] https:\/\/www.aiom.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/2023_AIOM_NDC-web.pdf (Accessed 05\/02\/2024)."},{"key":"20109_CR2","unstructured":"Bray F, Colombet M, Mery L et al. Cancer Incidence in Five Continents, Vol. XI. IARC Scientific Publication No. 166. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer [online]. 2021. https:\/\/publications.iarc.fr\/597. (Accessed 05\/02\/2024)."},{"key":"20109_CR3","unstructured":"Murray CJL, Salomon JA, Mathers CD. A critical examination of summary measures of population health. In: Murray CJL, Salomon JA, Mathers CD, Lopez AD. Summary measures of population health: concepts, ethics, measurement, and applications. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2002:13\u201340."},{"key":"20109_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2019","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01990-1","volume":"28","author":"CJL Murray","year":"2022","unstructured":"Murray CJL. The global burden of Disease Study at 30 years. Nat Med. 2022;28:2019\u201326.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"20109_CR5","unstructured":"Global Burden of Disease Collaborative Network. Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. (GBD 2019) Results. Seattle, United States: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) [online]. 2020. https:\/\/vizhub.healthdata.org\/gbd-results\/ (Accessed 02\/23\/2024)."},{"key":"20109_CR6","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO framework convention on tobacco control [online]. 2003. https:\/\/www.who.int\/fctc\/text_download\/en (Accessed 05\/02\/2024)."},{"key":"20109_CR7","unstructured":"World Health Organization. MPOWER measures [online]. 2008. https:\/\/www.emro.who.int\/tfi\/mpower\/index.html (Accessed 05\/02\/2024)."},{"key":"20109_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-709","volume":"12","author":"D Levy","year":"2012","unstructured":"Levy D, Gallus S, Blackman K, Carreras G, La Vecchia C, Gorini. Italy SimSmoke: the effect of tobacco control policies on smoking prevalence and smoking attributable deaths in Italy. BMC Public Health. 2012;12:709. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2458-12-709.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"20109_CR9","unstructured":"National Institute of Health. Guide for the Italian local health services for tobacco use cessation. Edited by the National Centre on Addiction and Doping 2021 (in Italian) [online] 2021. https:\/\/www.iss.it\/documents\/20126\/0\/21_S1+web.pdf\/272d5cb6-e163-f47f-1168-f0d794e327c9?t=1622450825748 (Accessed 05\/02\/2024)."},{"key":"20109_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22099","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-79176-3","volume":"10","author":"C Bosetti","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bosetti C, Traini E, Alam T, Allen CA, Carreras G, Compton K, Fitzmaurice C, Force LM, Gallus S, Gorini G, Harvey JD, Kocarnik JM, La Vecchia C, Lugo A, Naghavi M, Pennini A, Piccinelli C, Ronfani L, Xu R, Monasta L. National burden of cancer in Italy, 1990\u20132017: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2017. Sci Rep. 2020;10:22099. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-79176-3.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"20109_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102623","volume":"92","author":"G Collatuzzo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Collatuzzo G, Malvezzi M, Mangiaterra S, Di Maso M, Turati F, Parazzini F, Pelucchi C, Alicandro G, Negri E, La Vecchia C, Boffetta P. Cancers attributable to tobacco smoking in Italy in 2020. Cancer Epidemiol. 2024;92:102623. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102623.","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol"},{"key":"20109_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2021.6987","author":"Global Burden of Disease 2019 Cancer Collaboration","year":"2021","unstructured":"Global Burden of Disease 2019 Cancer Collaboration. Cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life years for 29 cancer groups from 2010 to 2019: a systematic analysis for the global burden of Disease Study 2019. JAMA Oncol. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaoncol.2021.6987.","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"20109_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6602587","volume":"92","author":"VL Allgar","year":"2005","unstructured":"Allgar VL, Neal RD. Delays in the diagnosis of six cancers: analysis of data from the National Survey of NHS patients: Cancer. Br J Cancer. 2005;92:1959\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.bjc.6602587.","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"20109_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9567","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S338250","volume":"14","author":"S Hu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hu S, Zhang W, Guo Q, et al. Prognosis and survival analysis of 922,317 Lung Cancer patients from the US based on the most recent data from the SEER database (April 15, 2021). Int J Gen Med. 2021;14:9567\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/IJGM.S338250.","journal-title":"Int J Gen Med"},{"key":"20109_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11403-6","volume":"360","author":"M Ezzati","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ezzati M, Lopez AD, Rodgers A, et al. Selected major risk factors and global and regional burden of disease. Lancet. 2002;360:1347\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11403-6.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"20109_CR16","volume-title":"Comparative quantification of health risks","year":"2004","unstructured":"World Health Organization. In: Ezzati M, Lopez AD, Rodgers A, Murray CJL, editors. Comparative quantification of health risks. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2004."},{"key":"20109_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Global Burden of Disease Collaborative Network. Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. (GBD 2019). Relative Risks. Seattle, United States of America. Institute for health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) [online]. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6069\/GYVX-YR58 (Accessed 02\/23\/2024).","DOI":"10.6069\/GYVX-YR58"},{"key":"20109_CR18","unstructured":"Baldissera S, Campostrini S, Binkin N et al. Features and initial assessment of the Italian Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (PASSI), 2007\u20132008. Prev Chronic Dis. 2011; 8:A24. PMID: 21159236."},{"key":"20109_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.4415\/ANN_16_04_13","volume":"52","author":"B Contoli","year":"2016","unstructured":"Contoli B, Carrieri P, Masocco M, et al. PASSI d\u2019Argento (silver steps): the main features of the new nationwide surveillance system for the ageing Italian population, Italy 2013\u20132014. Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2016;52:536\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4415\/ANN_16_04_13.","journal-title":"Ann Ist Super Sanita"},{"issue":"10292","key":"20109_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2337","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01169-7","volume":"397","author":"GBD 2019 Tobacco Collaborators","year":"2021","unstructured":"GBD 2019 Tobacco Collaborators. Spatial, temporal, and demographic patterns in prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden in 204 countries and territories, 1990\u20132019: a systematic analysis from the global burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet. 2021;397(10292):2337\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01169-7.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"20109_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3187","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15123187","volume":"15","author":"L Mangone","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mangone L, Marinelli F, Bisceglia I, et al. Changes in the histology of Lung Cancer in Northern Italy: impact on incidence and mortality. Cancers (Basel). 2023;15:3187. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers15123187.","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"20109_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.5301\/tj.5000684","volume":"103","author":"A Trama","year":"2017","unstructured":"Trama A, Boffi R, Contiero P, et al. Trends in lung cancer and smoking behavior in Italy: an alarm bell for women. Tumori. 2017;103:543\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5301\/tj.5000684.","journal-title":"Tumori"},{"issue":"7","key":"20109_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-013-0218-9","volume":"24","author":"G Gorini","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gorini G, Carreras G, Allara E, Faggiano F. Decennial trends of social differences in smoking habits in Italy: a 30-year update. Cancer Causes Control. 2013;24(7):1385\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10552-013-0218-9.","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"20109_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sste.2009.07.006","volume":"1","author":"A Biggeri","year":"2009","unstructured":"Biggeri A, Catelan D, Dreassi E. The epidemic of lung cancer in Tuscany (Italy): a joint analysis of male and female mortality by birth cohort. Spat Spatiotemporal Epidemiol. 2009;1:31\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sste.2009.07.006.","journal-title":"Spat Spatiotemporal Epidemiol"},{"key":"20109_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1177\/030089161009600506","volume":"96","author":"G Gorini","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gorini G, Chellini E, Martini A, et al. Lung cancer mortality trend by birth cohort in men, Tuscany, 1971\u20132006. Tumori. 2010;96:680\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/030089161009600506.","journal-title":"Tumori"},{"key":"20109_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.2063","volume":"24","author":"E Dreassi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dreassi E, Biggeri A, Catelan D. Space-time models with time-dependent covariates for the analysis of the temporal lag between socioeconomic factors and lung cancer mortality. Stat Med. 2005;24:1919\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/sim.2063.","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"20109_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1746","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.34657","volume":"153","author":"D Catelan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Catelan D, Biggeri A, Bucchi L, et al. Epidemiologic transition of lung cancer mortality in Italy by sex, province of residence and birth cohort (1920-1929to1960-1969). Int J Cancer. 2023;153:1746\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijc.34657.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"20109_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/aqaa177","volume":"155","author":"G Ferrara","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ferrara G, De Vincentiis L, Ambrosini-Spaltro A, et al. Cancer Diagnostic Delay in Northern and Central Italy during the 2020 Lockdown due to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic. Am J Clin Pathol. 2021;155:64\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcp\/aqaa177.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"20109_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Carreras G, Lugo A, Stival C et al. Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on smoking consumption in a large representative sample of Italian adults. Tobacco Control 2021:tobaccocontrol-2020-056440. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2020-056440","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2020-056440"},{"key":"20109_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.80.8.954","volume":"80","author":"JK Ockene","year":"1990","unstructured":"Ockene JK, Kuller LH, Svendsen KH, et al. The relationship of smoking cessation to coronary heart disease and lung cancer in the multiple risk factor intervention trial (MRFIT). Am J Public Health. 1990;80:954\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/AJPH.80.8.954.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"20109_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2017.08.011","volume":"112","author":"M Jacobsen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jacobsen M, Silverstein SC, Quinn M, Waterston LB, Thomas CA, Benneyan JC, Han PK. Timeliness of Access to Lung Cancer diagnosis and treatment: a scoping literature review. Lung Cancer. 2017;112:156\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lungcan.2017.08.011.","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"}],"container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-024-20109-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12889-024-20109-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-024-20109-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]],"date-time":"2024-10-03T06:03:18Z","timestamp":1727935398000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12889-024-20109-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["20109"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-024-20109-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2458"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2458","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 March 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 September 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 October 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study received ethics committee approval from Comitato Etico Regionale per la Sperimentazione Clinica della Regione Toscana, Sezione: AREA VASTA CENTRO10\/05\/2022 (22207_oss). Consent to participate was not necessary since only anonymized and pooled data were used.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"2696"}}