{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T06:19:21Z","timestamp":1776838761750,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]],"date-time":"2024-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]],"date-time":"2024-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This article reports on research commissioned by (what was at the time) Public Health England (PHE). The objective is to reflect on the normative effectiveness of Health Impact Assessment (HIA) applied to two planning projects; (a) the new town at Cranbrook, Devon (HIA prepared in 2007), and (b) the regeneration of the Marsh farm area in Luton (HIA prepared in 2009). In this context, the focus is on the contribution of HIA to actions that are intended to lead to good or improved health and wellbeing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Normative HIA effectiveness criteria derived from a literature review were used to guide the analysis. The two included HIA cases were previously identified as good practice examples with regards to procedure and report quality. Semi-structured interviews with public health, planning and other actors originally involved in the HIAs were conducted in 2021. This was followed up by web-searches for evidence on actual developments in 2023.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Interviews indicated that normative effectiveness initially appeared to be high, but that the longer-term effects of the financial crash of 2008 reduced this. Delays in initially anticipated timelines and HIA actors moving elsewhere or retiring meant that HIAs were not followed-up and connections between developments and the HIAs were no longer made. However, web-based searches conducted in 2023 found that key HIA suggestions were eventually implemented, albeit with delay. There is also evidence for improved IMD (index of multiple deprivation) rankings in the Marsh farm regeneration case.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A mismatch is observed with regards to HIA exercises appearing to be largely \u2018forgotten\u2019 after over a decade of their publication, but recommendations still being implemented, possibly as a result of \u2018institutional memory\u2019. Making monitoring and follow-up of HIA binding rather than advisory would allow for direct linkages to be made.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-20203-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]],"date-time":"2024-10-14T11:02:57Z","timestamp":1728903777000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Health impact assessment in two planning projects in England: reflections on normative effectiveness"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1436-1221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas B.","family":"Fischer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2756-272X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5178-312X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tara","family":"Muthoora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"20203_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eiar.2021.106631","volume":"90","author":"TB Fischer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fischer TB, Muthoora T, Chang M, Sharpe C. Health Impact Assessment in Spatial Planning in England: Types of Application and Quality of Documentation. Environ Impact Assess Rev. 2020;90: 106631.","journal-title":"Environ Impact Assess Rev"},{"key":"20203_CR2","unstructured":"PHE. Health Impact Assessment in spatial planning A guide for local authority public health and planning teams, 2020, https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/929230\/HIA_in_Planning_Guide_Sept2020.pdf (last accessed 1 Mar 2022)."},{"issue":"3","key":"20203_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1080\/14615517.2023.2198839","volume":"41","author":"TB Fischer","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fischer TB, Fonseca A, Gei\u00dfler G, Retief J-T, F., Alberts, R. & Jiricka-P\u00fcrrer, A. Simplification of environmental and other impact assessments \u2013 results from an international online survey. Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal. 2023;41(3):181\u20139.","journal-title":"Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal"},{"key":"20203_CR4","unstructured":"Nieuwenhuijsen M, Khreis H. Integrating Human Health into Urban and Transport Planning \u2013 A Framework. Springer, Cham. 734 pages."},{"key":"20203_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-016-0424-7","volume":"15","author":"E Serrano","year":"2016","unstructured":"Serrano E, Larra\u00f1aga I, Morteruel M, et al. HIA) Urban regeneration as population health intervention: a health impact assessment in the Bay of Pasaia (Spain. Int J Equity Health. 2016;15:145.","journal-title":"Int J Equity Health"},{"key":"20203_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eiar.2017.12.002","volume":"71","author":"F Waheed","year":"2018","unstructured":"Waheed F, Ferguson GM, Ollson CA, et al. (HIA) Health Impact Assessment of transportation projects, plans and policies: A scoping review. Environ Impact Assess Rev. 2018;71:17\u201325.","journal-title":"Environ Impact Assess Rev"},{"key":"20203_CR7","unstructured":"Cave B. A sustainable new community at Cranbrook: Health Impact Assessment: Main Report, Ben Cave Associates, 2007; https:\/\/www.devonhealthandwellbeing.org.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/cranbrook_hia_main.pdf (last accessed 26 Feb 2022)."},{"key":"20203_CR8","unstructured":"Cave B. A sustainable new community at Cranbrook: Health Impact Assessment: technical report, Ben Cave Associates, 2007, https:\/\/www.devonhealthandwellbeing.org.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/cranbrook_hia_main.pdf (last accessed 1 Mar 2022)."},{"key":"20203_CR9","unstructured":"Vohra S and Christopher Y. Marsh Farm Central Area Regeneration Masterplanning HIA: Main Report - Final, Institute of Occupational Medicine, 2009. https:\/\/www.scribd.com\/document\/59228873\/Marsh-Farm-Central-Area-Regeneration-Masterplanning-HIA-Summary; (last accessed 26 Feb 2021)."},{"key":"20203_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fischer T B, Retief F. Does Strategic Environmental Assessment Lead to More Environmentally Sustainable Decisions? \u2013 Reflections on Its Substantive Effectiveness, in: Fischer T B, Gonz\u00e1lez A (eds.). Handbook on Strategic Environmental Assessment, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, 2021 (chapter 8): 114\u2013125.","DOI":"10.4337\/9781789909937.00018"},{"key":"20203_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Th\u00e9rivel R, Gonz\u00e1lez A. Strategic environmental assessment effectiveness, in: Fischer T B, Gonz\u00e1lez A (eds), Handbook on Strategic Environmental Assessment, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, 2021 (chapter 7): 100\u2013113.","DOI":"10.4337\/9781789909937.00017"},{"key":"20203_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eiar.2012.09.003","volume":"42","author":"B Harris-Roxas","year":"2013","unstructured":"Harris-Roxas B, Harris E. The impact and effectiveness of health impact assessment: A conceptual framework. Environ Impact Assess Rev. 2013;42:51\u20139.","journal-title":"Environ Impact Assess Rev"},{"key":"20203_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1080\/14615517.2017.1364019","volume":"36","author":"C Chanchitpricha","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chanchitpricha C, Bond A. Investigating the effectiveness of mandatory integration of health impact assessment within environmental impact assessment (EIA): a case study of Thailand. 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Interviewees gave informed consent to be interviewed. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"2819"}}