{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]],"date-time":"2024-10-17T04:28:14Z","timestamp":1729139294107,"version":"3.27.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]],"date-time":"2024-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729036800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]],"date-time":"2024-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009169","name":"Assiut University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009169","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) are widespread, treatable sexually transmitted infections (STIs) of global significance, affecting millions annually. Left untreated, they pose significant risks, including pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), infertility, and complications during pregnancy. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control recommends annual chlamydial screening for sexually active women to address these risks. Responding to this global challenge, the World Health Organization (WHO) has formulated a global health sector strategy on sexually transmitted infections, outlining priority actions to strengthen STI responses in countries. However, STI epidemiological studies encounter challenges in developing nations like Egypt due to socio-cultural factors, poverty, and limited diagnostic facilities. In Egypt, STI diagnosis primarily relies on clinical presentations, lacking structured screening programs for CT and NG. This study\u2019s main objective is to estimate the prevalence of Chlamydial and gonorrheal infections, advocating for supportive STI strategies in Egypt. Additionally, the study aims to provide a foundation for national prevalence estimates of CT and NG infections.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A cross-sectional study encompassed five antenatal clinics in different regions of Egypt. A total of 1040 pregnant women attending these clinics were consecutively sampled. Data collection involved structured questionnaires, and urine samples were subjected to the GeneXpert CT\/NG qualitative real-time PCR test.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The prevalence of CT infections was 0.29% (95% CI, 0.10\u20130.86%), with no detected NG infections. The three CT-positive cases were distributed across different recruitment centers, with no statistically significant differences observed between infected and non-infected participants. Notably, 40.3% of recruited women reported gynecological symptoms, primarily discharge. Additionally, 9.6% had undergone previous testing for sexually transmitted infections, with 8.2% receiving positive results.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study provides valuable data on the prevalence of CT and NG infections among pregnant women attending ANC clinics in Egypt. The findings underscore the importance of ongoing surveillance, routine screening, and targeted interventions to ensure the reproductive health and well-being of pregnant women and their infants. Further research is warranted to explore the broader implications of STIs in different populations and to inform evidence-based guidelines for screening and management in diverse settings. <jats:bold>Trial registration<\/jats:bold>: IRB no.: 17,400,017; WHO ERC Protocol Id. A66005.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-20239-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]],"date-time":"2024-10-16T18:02:08Z","timestamp":1729101728000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploring the prevalence of chlamydial and gonorrheal infections in pregnant women: a multicenter study in Egypt"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Omaima","family":"El-Gibaly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Momdouh","family":"Wahba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nahla","family":"Gamaleldin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alaa","family":"Hashish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mostafa Nasr","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Khedr","family":"Khalifa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sherif Yehia","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Ahmed","family":"wasfy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara Ali Mohammed","family":"Eldosky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wagdy","family":"Amin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heba","family":"Elsayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariam Taher","family":"Amin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"20239_CR1","unstructured":"Smith LE. Sexually transmitted diseases. Princ. Pract. Surg. Colon, Rectum, Anus, Third Ed., 2007."},{"key":"20239_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2010.00819.x","volume":"63","author":"AJ Carey","year":"2010","unstructured":"Carey AJ, Beagley KW. Chlamydia trachomatis, a hidden epidemic: effects on Female Reproduction and options for treatment. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2010;63:576\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2010.00819.x.","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"20239_CR3","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) 2022. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/sexually-transmitted-infections-(stis) (accessed August 14, 2024)."},{"key":"20239_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000647","volume":"44","author":"A El-Kettani","year":"2017","unstructured":"El-Kettani A, Mahian\u00e9 G, Bennani A, Abu-Raddad L, Smolak A, Rowley J, et al. Trends in Adult Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Prevalence, incidence and urethral discharge case reporting in Morocco over 1995-2015-Estimates using the spectrum-sexually transmitted infection model. Sex Transm Dis. 2017;44:557\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000647.","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"20239_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2002.004077","author":"S Mullick","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mullick S, Watson-Jones D, Beksinska M, Mabey D. 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WHO laboratory validation of Xpert\u00ae CT\/NG and Xpert\u00ae TV on the GeneXpert system verifies high performances. Apmis. 2018;126:907\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apm.12902.","journal-title":"Apmis"},{"key":"20239_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.784610","volume":"11","author":"Y Han","year":"2022","unstructured":"Han Y, Shi MQ, Jiang QP, Le WJ, Qin XL, Xiong HZ, et al. Clinical performance of the Xpert\u00ae CT\/NG Test for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae: a Multicenter evaluation in Chinese urban hospitals. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022;11:1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2021.784610.","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"20239_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Xie TA, Liu YL, Meng RC, Liu XS, Fang KY, Deng ST et al. Evaluation of the diagnostic efficacy of Xpert CT\/NG for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. 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Standard protocol to assess prevalence of gonorrhoea and chlamydia among pregnant women in antenatal care clinics. 2018."}],"container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-024-20239-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12889-024-20239-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-024-20239-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]],"date-time":"2024-10-16T18:02:16Z","timestamp":1729101736000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12889-024-20239-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["20239"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-024-20239-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2458"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2458","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 March 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 October 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 October 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University (IRB no.: 17400017) and the WHO Research Ethics Review Committee (WHO ERC) (Protocol Id. A66005).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"NA.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"was obtained from all participants prior to their involvement in the study. In cases where participants were illiterate, informed consent was obtained from appropriate representatives. The study adhered strictly to ethical guidelines, ensuring participant privacy and confidentiality throughout the research process.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"Furthermore, individuals diagnosed with infections received free treatment following WHO guidelines, underscoring our commitment to ethical and equitable care for all participants.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}],"article-number":"2852"}}