{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T13:24:25Z","timestamp":1792157065943,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741651200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741651200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OTA-21-312-0217571-66106L (Stadnick, Rabin)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OTA-21-312-0217571-66106L (Stadnick, Rabin)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"UC San Diego, Altman Clinical and Translational Center","award":["NIH UL1TR001442 (Rabin, Stadnick)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH UL1TR001442 (Rabin, Stadnick)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated existing disparities in healthcare access and outcomes, particularly among underserved communities. As one site participating in the NIH-funded Community Engagement Alliance Against COVID-19, our focus was to address COVID-19 disparities by training immigrant and refugee communities to advocate for their needs by increasing capacity to campaign for policy-level changes.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>To evaluate the impact of a train-the-trainer policy advocacy program for ethnically-based community leaders within San Diego County using a mixed-methods evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We partnered with a non-profit social change, intermediary organization to adapt a five-session, 4-hour per session training that was conducted over five weeks. A baseline survey, pre-\u00a0and post-training surveys, and ethnographic documentation were employed during each session.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Among participants (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200916), 50% were Latino(a), 25% were Somali Bantu, and 25% were Karen. Training results were relatively stable with slight variations in perceptions within and between sessions. The first session showed a slight decrease in confidence by the training participants, while sessions 3, 4, and 5 showed increases in confidence. Ethnographic documentation revealed that engagement patterns evolved over time, with the Latino(a) participants having the highest levels of engagement initially but with more equitable engagement across participants by the final session.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>These findings provide valuable feedback which will aid in the improvement of the training sessions for future use. This study also underscores the potential for community leaders to effectively advocate for policy changes and offers insights for future empowerment initiatives.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-20822-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T17:03:15Z","timestamp":1741712595000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Increasing capacity for ethnically-based community leaders to engage in policy change: assessing the impact of a train-the-trainer approach"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Angel","family":"Lomeli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole A.","family":"Stadnick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelli L.","family":"Cain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Watson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Oswald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shelia L.","family":"Broyles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Ibarra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Borsika","family":"Rabin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"20822_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s40900-021-00261-6","volume":"7","author":"HR Han","year":"2021","unstructured":"Han HR, Xu A, Mendez KJW, Okoye S, Cudjoe J, Bahouth M, Reese M, Bone L, Dennison-Himmelfarb C. Exploring community engaged research experiences and preferences: a multi-level qualitative investigation. Res Involv Engagem. 2021;7(1):19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40900-021-00261-6.","journal-title":"Res Involv Engagem"},{"key":"20822_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Aguilar-Gaxiola, S., Ahmed, S. M., Anise, A., Azzahir, A., Baker, K. E., Cupito, A.,Eder, M., Everette, T. D., Erwin, K., Felzien, M., Freeman, E., Gibbs, D., Greene-Moton,E., Hern\u00e1ndez-Cancio, S., Hwang, A., Jones, F., Jones, G., Jones, M., Khodyakov, D.,Michener, J. L., \u2026 Zaldivar, R. (2022). Assessing Meaningful Community Engagement:A Conceptual Model to Advance Health Equity through Transformed Systems for Health:Organizing Committee for Assessing Meaningful Community Engagement in Health & Health Care Programs & Policies. NAM Perspectives, 2022, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31478\/202202c.","DOI":"10.31478\/202202c"},{"issue":"11","key":"20822_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2094","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2009.170506","volume":"100","author":"BA Israel","year":"2010","unstructured":"Israel BA, Coombe CM, Cheezum RR, Schulz AJ, McGranaghan RJ, Lichtenstein R, Reyes AG, Clement J, Burris A. Community-based participatory research: a capacity-building approach for policy advocacy aimed at eliminating health disparities. Am J Public Health. 2010;100(11):2094\u2013102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/AJPH.2009.170506.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"20822_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1353\/cpr.2019.0021","volume":"13","author":"TA Battaglia","year":"2019","unstructured":"Battaglia TA, Pamphile J, Bak S, Spencer N, Gunn C. Connecting community to Research: a training program to increase Community Engagement in Research. Progress Community Health Partnerships: Res Educ Action. 2019;13(2):209\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1353\/cpr.2019.0021.","journal-title":"Progress Community Health Partnerships: Res Educ Action"},{"issue":"5","key":"20822_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.24.5.443","volume":"24","author":"J Kerner","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kerner J, Rimer B, Emmons K. Introduction to the special section on dissemination: dissemination research and research dissemination: how can we close the gap? 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Building capacity in disadvantaged communities: development of the community advocacy and leadership program. Progress Community Health Partnerships: Res Educ Action. 2015;9(1):113\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1353\/cpr.2015.0003.","journal-title":"Progress Community Health Partnerships: Res Educ Action"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"20822_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.13910","volume":"57","author":"NA Stadnick","year":"2022","unstructured":"Stadnick NA, Cain KL, Oswald W, Watson P, Ibarra M, Lagoc R, Ayers LO, Salgin L, Broyles SL, Laurent LC, Pezzoli K, Rabin B. Co-creating a theory of change to advance COVID-19 testing and vaccine uptake in underserved communities. Health Serv Res. 2022;57(Suppl 1):149\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1475-6773.13910. 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Using ethnographic approaches to document, evaluate, and facilitate virtual community-engaged implementation research. BMC Public Health. 2023;23(1):409. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-023-15299-2.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"20822_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dunning D. The Dunning\u2013Kruger effect: On being ignorant of one\u2019s own ignorance. Advances in experimental social psychology. Volume 44. 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