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This investigation evaluates potential links between serum concentrations of different or multiple vitamins and sarcopenia prevalence among adults in the United States.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Utilizing a cross-sectional design, this research draws from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) dataset of 2003\u20132006, encompassing 5,060 participants with comprehensive serum vitamin A, E, B9, B12, C, and D concentrations, alongside sarcopenia and covariate measurements. Participant stratification into distinct vitamin co-exposure clusters was achieved through K-means clustering. Analytical models, including weighted logistic regression, restricted cubic splines\u00a0(RCS), weighted quantile sum regression\u00a0(WQS), quantile g-computation\u00a0(Q-gcomp), and Bayesian kernel machine regression\u00a0(BKMR), were employed to evaluate the association between serum concentrations of different or multiple vitamins and sarcopenia risk, with an emphasis on nonlinearity.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In this study, sarcopenia was detected in 681 individuals (13.46%). Logistic regression results did not demonstrate any linear association between individual vitamin levels and sarcopenia risk (P<jats:sub>FDR<\/jats:sub> &gt; 0.05). Contrastingly, the RCS model unveiled significant non-linear relationships for vitamins A and D (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>_non-linear\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The K-means clustering results showed that participants in high-level vitamin exposure group had lower sarcopenia risk compared with those in low-level vitamin exposure group (OR (95% CI): 0.582 (0.397, 0.852)). Additionally, higher serum concentrations of different or multiple vitamins correlated inversely with sarcopenia risk (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>_trend\u2009=\u20090.002). This inverse association was corroborated by WQS, Q-gcomp, and theBKMR models and remained consistent upon sensitivity analysis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study elucidates an inverse correlation between serum concentrations of different or multiple vitamins and sarcopenia risk, emphasizing a non-linear association, particularly with suboptimal vitamin D concentrations. Given the limitations of the NHANES study, further researches are required to clarify the existence of these relationships.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-20897-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]],"date-time":"2024-12-04T06:34:16Z","timestamp":1733294056000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Serum concentrations of different or multiple vitamins and Sarcopenia risk among US adults: insights from NHANES"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Li","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueman","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panpan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hengrui","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mulatibieke","family":"Keerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10191","key":"20897_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2636","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31138-9","volume":"393","author":"AJ Cruz-Jentoft","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Sayer AA. 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