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This study investigates whether mental health is also impaired in unknowingly infected individuals. In addition, the relevance of the severity of the infection and the time since the onset of infection were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Data from the population-representative Gutenberg COVID-19 Study (GCS) were used (N\u2009=\u20092,267). SARS-CoV-2 infection was determined multimodally by self-report, throat swabs (acute infections) and antibody measurements (previous infections). Participants completed self-report questionnaires on mental health.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Neither unknowing nor knowing SARS-CoV-2 infection had an impact on mental health. However, symptom severity and previous depression or anxiety predicted higher levels of depressiveness, anxiety and somatic complaints. Our results confirm findings suggesting that the severity of the initial infection and previous mental illness, but not knowledge of the infection, are the most important predictors of negative mental health outcomes following SARS-CoV-2 infection.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The results suggest that mental health care should focus on individuals who suffer from a severe acute COVID-19 infection or have a history of mental illness.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-20945-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]],"date-time":"2024-12-13T15:38:03Z","timestamp":1734104283000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mental health symptoms and burdens after a SARS-CoV-2 infection"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Nora","family":"Hettich-Damm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Petersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rieke","family":"Baumkoetter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen H.","family":"Prochaska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jochem","family":"Koenig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander K.","family":"Schuster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Muenzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karl J.","family":"Lackner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philipp S.","family":"Wild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manfred","family":"Beutel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"20945_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lopez-Leon S, Wegman-Ostrosky T, Perelman C, Sepulveda R, Rebolledo PA, Cuapio A, et al. 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Additionally, they adhered to the requirements outlines in the Federal Data Protection Act. Both the Ethics Committee of the Rhineland-Palatinate Medical Association (reference number: 2018\u201313720) and the Data Protection Officer of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center Mainz thoroughly assessed all pertinent documentation for the Gutenberg COVID-19 Study, granting their approval. Furthermore, the data protection commissioner of Rhineland-Palatinate approved the selection of the sample through citizens\u2019 registration offices. All participants gave written consent before participation.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"There are no conflicts of interest reported regarding this work. Outside the submitted work, PSW reports grants from Bayer AG, non-financial grants from Philips Medical Systems, grants and consulting fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, grants and consulting fees from Novartis Pharma, grants and consulting fees from Sanofi-Aventis, grants, consulting and lecturing fees from Bayer Health Care, grants and consulting fees from Daiichi Sankyo Europe, lecturing fees from Pfizer Pharma, lecturing fees from Bristol Myers Squibb, consulting fees from Astra Zeneca, consulting fees and non-financial support from Diasorin and non-financial support from IEM. PSW is funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF 01EO1503), Ministry of Science and Health of the State of Rhineland Palatinate (MWG RLP 724\u20130010#2021\/0030\u20131501), and the Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA, F2447 \/ 537727) outside the present work. PSW is principal investigator of the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) and principal investigator of the DIASyM research core (BMBF DIASyM research core (BMBF 161L0217A, 031L0217A). JHP has received honoraria for lectures from Bayer AG, Boehringer Ingelheim, Daiichi Sankyo GmbH, and Sanofi-Aventis GmbH as well as research grants from the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF 01EO1503) and the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) outside the topic of the present study. AKS received financial support by Abbvie, Bayer, Heidelberg Engineering, Novartis, and Santen outside the topic of this work. The remaining authors report no conflict of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"3399"}}